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. Page 1 of2l KYOTO PROTOCOL KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE The Parlies to this Ptotocol, on Climate Change' hereinaffel Baizg Panies to the United Nations Framework Convention as "the Convention", /,t prlJri, of the ultimate objective of the CoDvertion referred to as stated in its Micle 2' -Recal/irg the provisions ofthe Conventiorl Being guidedby Micle 3 of the Conventiou Putsuant to lhe BeiinMandate adopted by decision l/CP Conference ofthe Parties to the Convention at its ftrst l of t}le sessiorL Have agreed as follows: Article I For the purposes of this Protocol, the definitions contained addition: 1. "Conference ofthe Parties" mearu the Conference in Article I of the Convention shall apply ln ofthe Parties to the Convention 2. "Convention" means the United Nations Framework York on 9 MaY 1992. Convention on Climate Change' adopted in New 3. "lntergovemmental Panet on Climate Change" means the Intergovemmenta'l Panel on Climate Change ; LSdiintty by the wortd Mereorological organization and rhe united Nations ;diiJil v EnvironmentProgramme Substances that Deplete theOzone Lay€r' 4. "Montsl Protocol" meals thc Monheal Protocol on amended' 16 September 198? and as subsequently adjusted and u v"iG"L "a"iiJ "D 5. "Panies Fes€nt and voting" means Parties present and casting an aflirmative or negative vote' indicates' a Pafy to this Protocol' "on1o(1ethsrwise Annex I.to the Convcntion' as may be 7. "Pafy included in Afircx l" mell$ a Party itrcludedin conveDtion' *hich has mJe a notification under Article 4' paragraph 2(g)' of the 6. "Pafy" mea.os, unles. ,5" ,-"Jilf "i " i*v Article 2 L Each Party included in AnDex I, iD achieving its http://unfccc. int/resottce/docs/convkp/kpeng html quantified emission timitation and reduction y1012011 PaEe 2 of 2l KYOTO PROTOCOIcommitments under Article 3, in order to promote sustainable development' shall: (a) Implement and/or further elaborate policies aid measures in accordance with circumstances, such as: its national (i) Enhancement ofenergy elficiency in relevant sectors ofthe Dational economy; (ii) Proteclion and enhancement of sinls and reservoirs of greenhous€ gases not controlled by the account its commitmenls under relevart intemational cnvironmental il;;i;;l i;;;;1, o'f su"t inubl" for"sr management pracrices, afforestation and reforesration; ;#;il,;;#;n "kt";inio (iii) Promotion ofsustainable forms ofag culture in light of climate change coDsiderations; ivt Research on. ard promotion, development and increased use of' new and renewable forms of { ;;;;,;f ;il; Ji"iide sequesrrarion iechnologies and of advanced and innovative environmentally sound technologies; and duty {v) Prosressive reduction or phasing out ofmarket impedections, fiscal incentives, tax *U.idies in alt greinhouse gas emitting sectors that run counter to the objective of the "*".ofioni-a Convention and appticarion of maJkel instrumentsl vi) F-ncourasemenl ofappropriate reforms in relevant sectors aimed at promoting policies and measwes *ii"rr ri-li o,'r."ar"" emiisiors of greenhouse gases not cortrolled by the MoDtreal Protocol; r (vii) Measures to limit and./or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol in the tansport sector; (viii) Limitation and/or reduction of methane emissions tluough recovery and use in waste maDagemenl' as well as ir the production, transpon and distribution ofenergy; fb) CooDerate wifi olher such Parties to enharce policies and measures adopled under this Anicle tlonvention. To this end, these Parties shall lake cooperation, taking into account all relevant information' emissions of greenhouse gases 2. The parties included in Annex I shall pursue limitation or reduclion of working tluough the notcontrolled by the Monteal Protocol irom aviation and marine bunker fuels, cli,ii e"iation organization and the Intemarional Maritime organization, respectively. i*-.itJ 3. The Parties included in Annex I shall strive to im such a way as to minimize adverse effects, includi intemational trade, and social, environmental and vention. The Conference of the Parties serving as further action, as appropriate, to promote the http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp,4<peng htm) t/t0t2011 Page 3 of 21 KYOTO PROTOCOL Parties to this Protocol' if it decides that it 4. The Corference of the Parties serving as the r[eeting of the l(a) above, taking into \rould be beneficial to coordinate any oi the policies and leasures.in ParagraPh to circumstances andpotential effects, shall co.sider ways and means *"oroialfiar"nt *tior,l elaborate the coordination of such policies and measures Article 3 L rhe Parties included in Annex I shall, indtt-lJli'*llll11r"fl1iJlli*,"r'J a view g^", ri"t"a in Armex A eir quantified emission limitation and e wiG the provisions ofthis Article' with cent below 1990 levels in the 5 to reducing their overall emissions of such gases by at least P€r coEnitm€nt Period 2008 to 2012. 2. Each Party included in Annex I shall, by 2005, have made demonstrable progress in achieving its commitne s under this Protocol' sources and removals by sinks resulting from direct an d such a decision on these additional that these activities have taken place since 1990. s of transition to a market economy whose base 2 of the Conference of the Parties at its se'ond v lhe mecting of the Parties to this Protocol that it r than 1990 for lhe implcme ation of its of the Parties s€rving as th€ meeting of the Paiies to ch notificalion. 6. Taking into accouDt Article 4, paragaph 6' of the Convention' in the implementation of their http ://unfccc int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng html Itot20tl Page4 KYOTO PROTOCOL of2l , offlexibility shall commitnents ulder this protocol other than those under this Article, a certain deglee to this Protocol lo lhe Parties ,h; a"nference of lhe Parties serving as the meeting of the. a malket economy' Parties included in Annex I undergoing the process oftransition to ;;;li;;il; tion commitmeot period, from 2008 to 2012, the hall be equalto the percentage inscribed for it in de equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases delermined in accordance with paragraph 5 above, for whom land_use change and forestry constituted ll include in their 1990 emissions base year or uivalent emissions by sources minus removals by of calculating their assigned amourt. 8- Arv Partv included in Annex I may use 1995 as its base year for hydrofluorocarbons, p.rn,i"."riU*t -a tutphur hexafluoride, for the purposes ofthe calculation referr€d to in paragraph 7 above. g. commitments for subsequent periods for Parties included in Annex I shall be established in provisions of amendmenS to Arurex B to this irotocol, which shatl be adopted in accordance with the eJ"t" Z t, p*ug"upt 7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this iriltlit" the considemtion ofsuch comn itrnents at least seven years before the end ofthe iioi"""f ,ill first commitment period referred to in paragraph 1 above acquires ftom P"rty io u""otdance wittr the provisions ofArticle 6 or ofArticle 17 shall be added to the 10. Any emissiotr reduction units, or any palt ofan assigled amout, Jr'ltich a.Party -oth"i assigned amount for the acquiring Party transfers lo another I I. Any emission reduction units, or any part ofan assigned amount, which a Party iarty in acco.d-c" *ith the provisions of Article 6 or of Article I 7 shall be subtracted fiom the assigned amount for the transfening Pafy. Party in accordance uith the provisions ofArticle 12 shatl be added to the assignr d amount for the acquiring Party' 12. Any certified emission reductions which a Party acqutes ftom another l3.IftheemissionsofaPartyincludedinAnnexlinacommitmentperiodarclessthanitsassigned rf,it etricle, this dilTerence shall, on request ofthat Party, be added to the assignei amount ".o"ra*a". for that Party for subsequent cornnitment periods' 14. Each Pany included in Annex I shall strive to implement the commitments me ioned in paragraph I to minimize adverse social, environmental and economic impacts on developing il;i;;;;"y ^ p*ii"i pii"ularly those identified in Article 4, pamgraphs 8 and 9, ofthe convention. ln line ""*"y *itt, ,i".,r-t a"ilrions of [he Conference of the Parties on the implementation of those pangraphs, the c""i"i"""" "i[," p*ies serving as the meeting of the parties to this protocol shall, at its first session, and/or the consider \ryhat actions are necessary to minimize the adverse effects of climate change i^ouit, of r"rrorrt" rneasures on Parties referred to in those paragraphs Among tle issues to be considered shatl be the establishment of funding, in urance and transfer of technology' Article,l hftpr/unfccc int/resource/docs/convkp&peng html i/ I0/20t 1 Page 5 of2l (voro ptorocoL arties to the agreement shall be sel out in that agreement. th ;"tr ry of the agreement on the date :TlX"*1;;X?",rith."' the agEement. 3 . Ary such ageement shall remain in oPeratiotr for the dumtion of the commitrn€nt period specified in Anicle 3, ParagraPh 7 level of such an agEeme to achieve-t}leir total combined be responsible for is oqrn level ofemissions set 5. ln the event of failure by the Parties to party to thal agreement emission reductions, eacrr iall out in the agreem€nt. Article 5 ftst session http ://unfccc.inUrcsource/docs/convkp/kpeng html Itol20]r Page6of2l , KYOTO PROTOCOL compliance with commilments under adiustmenls shall be used only for the purposes ofascertaining reusron' Aiticle 3 in respect ofany commitmenl p€riod adopt d subsequent to that e carbon dioxide equivalence ofantlEopogenic Chanse and advice provided by the Subsidiary Body fc i;i:;;;;i;;p';""-,"*ing^th"."",tot"ig,t#J:;""*';;lX'ff:t:"Jf*Tll;ilJ:X" Paities. Any revision to a global waming 3 in respect of a.ny commitnent period adopted Article 6 I may L For the purpose of meeting its cormitments under Article 3, any Party i-nctuded in Almex ,"-ti"iillo.:""qrit" from, iny other such Party emission.reduction units resulting fiom projects-aimed ;;il;;il":;;g"ni" s by or enhancing anthropogenic removals by sinks of "o*ces "rniisiot greenhouse gases in any sector of the economy, provided that: (a) Any such project has the approval of the Panies involved; (b) Any such project provides a reduction in emissions by sources, or an eDhancement ofremovals by ;inks, thal is additional to any that would otherwise occurl (c) tt does not acquire any emission reductiotr units if it is Dot in compliance with its Articles 5 and 7: and obligations under (d) The acquisition ofemission reduction units shall be supplemental to domestic actions for the purposes oi meeting commitments under Anicle 3' tothis_Protocol may, at its first 2. The conference ofth€ Parties s€rving as the meeting of the Parties elaborate guidelines for the implementation of this Practicable thereaher, turther Article, including for verification and reporting' ;;r.i;;;;; t; ^ panicipate, under its responsibility, in a ,r," generation, transfer or acquisition under this Articlc of emission reduction units. 3. A partv includerl in Annex I may authorize legal entities to ""il""Jlai"g 4 I f a ouestion of imDlementation by a Party included in Annex t of the rcquirements referred to in tlis aii"L'i, ri."in"Jli u"co.d-"e *itl t ielevant provisions of Article 8, transfe^ and acquisitions of " provided rhat ."au"tion u"its may continue to be made aher the question has been idenlified, any issue of 3 until "mis"ion ;; ffi;"ilt ;; ; be used by a Paty to meet its commitments under Article compliance is resolved. Article 7 l. Each party included in Armex I shall incorporate in its annual inventory ofanthrcpogenic emissions bytur""" -d r"-orals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Monteal hotocol' http://urfccc inl/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng html I t10/2011 Page'l of2l KYOTO PROTOCOL th the relevant decisioN ofthe Conference ofthe Parlies' the necessary in for the purposes ofensuring compliance with Article 3' to be determined 4 below 2. Each PartY included in Ann with Article l2 ofthe Convention, its commitnenls under this Pr nformation required under paragraph I above er th€ Convention for the first year of the nto force for that Party. Each such Party shall submit part ofthe fiIst national communication due under u"ro* n'ei,equ"ocv "r:","t:##t ffii'T;;t"?i*;;"ri#"':[iifr etermin; ;; th; Co;fe'"n"" of tl'" Putti"t t"rving as the meeting of the . ng into account ary timetable for Ore submission ofnational communications decided upon by the Conference ofthe Parties' the Parti€s to this Protocol shall adopt at its for the preParation of the infomation elines for the The Pted bY the Prior to the ihe Parties r the accounting of assigned arnounts' C to Anicle 8 Party included in Annex I shall be reviewed by s ofthe Conference ofthe Parties and in j}" I s and 4ssigned amounts Additionally, the by each Piarty included in Annex I shall be reviewed as part of the review of communications' secretariar and shall be comPosed of experts selected and, as apPropriate, by intergovemmental d for this iurpose by the Conference of the Parties' this Protocol adopt at its the meeting of$e Parties 1o this Protocol shall 4. The Conference of the Paiies serving as g'iatin"t fo' tl't review of implementation ofthis firsl session. ard revie* p"tioai"ifv rf'!"udti' http://unfccc. int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng html l/10/201I Page 8 KYOTO PROTOCOL Protocol by expert review teams taking into account the relevant decisions Parties. of21 , ofthe Conference ofthe Panies lo this Protocol shall' with the 5. The Conference oflhe Parties serving as the meeting oflhe Body for u.ririan"" oi tft" srU.idiary Body for Iirplementation;d, as appropriate' the Subsidiary Scientiflc and Technological Advice, consider: lalTheinformationsubmiftedbyPaniesunderArticleTarrdthereporlsoftheexPertreviewsthereon conducted under this Articlei and (b) Those questions of implementation listed by the secretariat under paragraph 3 questions raised bY Parties 6. Pursuant to its consideration of0re information referred to in paragraph 5 above' as well as any above, the Conference of th"Pu,ti".,er,ing*themeetingofthePaltiestothisProtocolshalltakedecisionsonanymatter required for the implementation ofthis Protocol Article 9 l. The conference ofthe Parties serving as the meeting ofthe Parties to this Prctocol shall periodically ieview this protocol in the light of the bist available scientific infomation and assessments or climate Such rcviews change and irs impacs, as w;ll as relevant technical, social ald economic information by Article particular those required ,iiaiL loorarut"a *lth pertinent reviews under lie convention, in a, paragraptr Z(a), ara Article 7, paragraph 2(a), ofthe Convention .Based onthese reviews, the p"rties serving as the meeting ofthe Parlies to this Protocol shall take appropriate i.kliE."'" action. "ftf," Parties serving as the 2. The firct review shall take place at the second session ofthe coDference of the in a meetin! ofttre parties .o this irotocol. Further reviews shall take place at regular intervals and timely manner. Article 10 All parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and their specific n^il"*i"ra i"giJ*f aevelopment priorities, obje n"nts fit patties noiincludid in Annex I, introducing any new ents under Aflicle 4' a( "ornmlt ese commitnents in oaraeraoh t. ofthe Convention, and continuing to paragraphs 3, 5 and 7, ofthe 4, iio.i ro'u.tri.u" .*t"i"able development, taking into account Article Convention, shall: (a) Formulate, where relevart and to the extent possible, co iegional programmes to improve the quality oflocal emissi reflect the socio-economic conditions ofeach Party for the gases not inventories ofanthropogenic emissions by souces and removals by sinks ofall greenhouse controlled by the Montrial ProtocoJ, using comparable methodologies to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties, and consistent with the guidelines for the preparation of national communications adopted by the Conference ofthe Parties; where appropriate, rcgional O) Formulate, implement, pubtish and regularly uPdate national and, to facilitate adequate and measures change programmes containing meisures to mitigate climate http://unfccc. int-/resource/docs/convkp,&peng.hhnl vt0t201t Page 9 of2l rioro pnorocoladaptation to climate change: energy' FarNPort and industry sectors as well as rmor{ adaptation technologies and methods for on to climate change; and (i) Such programme forestry ,-fpi""l"g ip"ti"f pf agriculture, ation on action undel this Protocol, including and adaPtation measures; echnologies; onvention; - activities undertaken decisions of the Conference of the Parties; and (fl h"lud" io ,h"ir national communicalions information oll programrnes-and ;,ffi;;H;"t"l. in'""o'd--tt ''itt' '"levant g] Give full consideration, in implementing the commihnents under this A(icle' to Article 4' paBgraph 8, ofthe Conventton' Article ll I . In the implementation prt+rupt t +' S, Z' g -d of Article I 0' Parties shall take into account the 9, ofthe Convention' of Micle 4' 2. In the context of the imPlementationj'and the provisions of Article +, paragnph entities entrusted with tfre operatrori of the Article financial http://unfccc.int/resource/docVconvkpikpeng hm provisions of Article 4' entioiL in accordance with d through the entity or ntion' the developed In0120,I Page l0 KYOTO PROTOCOL counlry Parties and other develoPd Parties included in Annex II to thc Colvention of21 . shall: ional financial resources to meet the agreed full costs incurred by developing 4' paragraph I Dg the implementation of exisling commitments rrtrder Article t ire coveied in Article 10, subparagraph (a); and r the transfer of technology, needed by the .emental costs ofadvaacing the implementation of fthe Convention that are covered by Article l0 and d the intemational entity or entities refened lo in A cle. hall take into account the need for adequacy and of appropriate burden sharing among developed enkusted with lhe operation ofthe financial f the CoDference of the Parties, including those provisions of this before the adoption of this Protocol , shall apply mutatis m'la'dis to the agreed paragraph. 3 p o eveloped Parties in Arurex Il to the Convention may also I themselves of, financial resouces for the implementation other multilateral chamels. Article 12 1. A clean development mechanism is hereby defined lo assist Parties nol included in Annex I in ultimate objective ofthe Convention, and with their quantified emission limitatior 2. ac to and reduction commitments under Article 3. 3. Uoder the clean development mechanism: (a) Parties rct included in Annex I will benefit from project activities resulting in ce ified emission reductions; altd certifi of the (b) Pa ies included in Annex I may use the iciivities to contriUute to complianie with part commihnents under Article 3, as rletermined by the Pafiies to this Prolocol m such project and reduction as the meeting of 4. The clean development mechaaism shall be subject to the authority and guidance ofthe conference of the Parties serving as the meeting ofthe Parties to this Protocol and be suPervised by an executive boald of the clear development mechagism. 5. Emission reductions rcsulting ftom each project activity shall be certified by operalional entities to be designated by the Conference o}rhe Parties sewing as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, on the basis of: http://unfccc rnl-/resource/docs/convkp,4rpcng html I 0l20t ) Page I I of 2l rivoro pnorocol (a) Voluntary panicipation approved by each Party involved; (b) Real, measurable, 8nd long-term benehts related to the mitigation of climate change; and (c) Reductions in emissions lhat are additional to any project activity. 6. The clean development mechanism shall assist necessary. that would occur in the absence of the certified in arranging funding of cetified project activities as l' at its fust serving Proced Parties ties and dePendent audi efficiencY and Parties used to cover i'ulnerable to of the in may by inctuding uctions' provided under the s 9. Participation 3(a) above and in entities, and is to be develoPment mechanism' e that a well as ale par"agraph public the clean of during the period ftom the year 2000 up to the beginning the first commitrnent ca" be used to assisiin aihieving compliance in I 0. Certified emission reductioos obtained ;; il;;;t,-";ip".iod penod. Article 13 L The Conference ofthe Parties, the supreme body ofthe Parties to this Prctocol' Convention' shall serve as the meeting ofthe is Protocol may participate as obscrvers in the Parties serving as the meeting ofthe Parrieslo thls as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol' by those that are Parties to this Protoco! ' es to this Protocol' any member e Convention bu! at that time' o be elected bY and ftom es to this Protocol sha'll keep under within its mandate, the decisions fto fi'nctions assigned to it bY this Protocol and sha.ll: to ir in accordance with the provisions ofthis (a) Assess, on lhe basis ofall information made available Ut fottit'' ti'" o'erall effects ofthe measures taken itoi"cof-Uy tftis of implement'rio" tbe Protocol, httpy'/unfclc.inthesoucddocVconvkp/kpeng htr It0l20ll Page 12 of KYOTO PROTOCOI- 21 , social effects as well as their nursuant to this Protocol, in particular environme al, economic and J-""i *r,i"r, progress iowards the objective of the Convention is being fijiiuil il;[}i'ir," achieved; " s under this Protocol, giving due consideration to ill',iili,hll,H" ular reports on the implementatiotr of this Protocol; ies to ad&ess bilities and Parties into rd) Facilitate. at the request of hro or more ana is effecs, taking and capabilities of the Parties and their respective il;;;;;;;;;cJ ted by them to ' responsibilities tive ofihe Convention and the provisions ofthis ecisions by the Conference ofthe Parties, the methodologies for the effective implementation of e Parties serving as the meeting ofthe Parties to this Protocol; (f) Makc recommendations on any matters necessary for the implementation of this Protocol; (g) Seek to mobilize additional hnancial resources in accordance with Article I 1, paragraPh 2; (h) Establish such subsidiary bodies as are deemed necessary for the implementation ofthis Protocoll (i) Seek and utilize, where appropriate, the servic€s and cooperation of' and information provided by' :,;;;i;; i"i.;;ii""al orgarLizations and intergovernmental and non-govemmental bodies; a,:ld tit Exercise such other functions as may be required for the implementalion ofthis Protocol' and *.ign-ent resulting from a decision by the Conference ofthe Parties Jo*;J., -y ofproce Convention shall be by consensus bY the 5. The rules plied under the therwise decided this Protocol' the Palties to this Plotocol by lhe secretariat in conjunction with the ltrst session ofthe Confetence ofthe Parties 6. The first session of the conference ofthe Parties serving as the meeting of ;hali-il;onvened of that is scheduled afier the date of the entry into force ofthis Prctocol. Subsequent ordinary sessions every the conference of the Parties serving as $e meeting ofthe Parties to this Protocol shall be held with ordinary sessions ofthe conference ofthe Palties, unless otherwise vear a-nd in coniunction "Conference ofthe P4ies serving as the meetitrg ofthe Parties to this Protocol. iecided by rhe 7. Exnzordinary sessions ofthe conference of the Parties serving as the meeting ofthe Parties http://unfccc.in resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.html to this It0l2ot) Page 13 of2l K?oTO PROTOCOL emed necessary by the Conferenc€ ofthe Parties r at the written request of any Party, Fovided icated to the Panies by the secrctariat, it is 8. The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the Intemational Atomic Energy rvc6 thercto not party to the Convefltion, may be es serving as the meeting of the Parties to this national or intemational, govemmental or nonis Prolocol and which has informed the Conference ofthe Parties serving as the may be so admitted unless at least one third of the n oi observers shall be subject to the rules of Article 14 I . The secretariat established by Anicle 8 of the Convention shall serve as the secretariat of this Protocol. 2. Article 8, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the functions of the se€retariat' and arrangements made for the.firoctioning ofthe secretariat' ptotoJ rhe lecretariat shall' in addition' exercise the fimclions Articte 8, paragrapb J, ofthe Convention on iliilU;;7;;rrrJi, to tr'it assigned to it under lhis Protocol' Article l5 ies proceedin li"iilT',i'"'l,fiu'"" paiies 2 Pa se that are bodies of to this Protocol. Protocol. http://unfccc int/resource/docVconvkp/kpeng html It0l20ll Page 14 KYOTO PROTOCOL of2l , Article 16 in accordance wilh Article 18' Article l7 The Conference ofthe Pafiies shall define the relev tments under that Article. Articlc l8 at its first The Conference of ttte Parties serving as the meeting ofthe Parties to this Protocol shall' address cases ."rtior, upptot" upptopriate and effective ofan r""-i"i,ipri-",i iritir the provisions ofthis fnon"i ;Jilutire ti.t of"onsequenies, taking into a", oto"eiures and mechanisms under this Article entailing binding consequences shall be adopted by means ofan amendment to lhis Protocol. liiJ'i*". procedur Proto account Article 19 The provisions of Article 14 ofthe Convention on settlement of dispute s shall apply dutolis mutondis this Protocol. to Article 20 l. Any Palty may propose amendments to this Protocol. 2. Amendmenls to this Protocol shall be adopted at an ordinary session ofthe conference ofthe Parties serving as the meeting ofthe Panies to this Protocol. The text of any ploposed amendment to this protoc;l shall be com-mudcated to tIe Paiies by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The secretariat shall also communicate the text ofany proposed amendmenl to the Parties and signatories to the Convention and, for information, to the Depositary 3. The Parties shall make every effort to reach ageement on aIIy proposed amendment to this Protocol by consensus lf all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, the amendment shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fouths majority vote ofthe Paftics present and voti4 at the http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp&peng html Ut0l201t Page l5 of 21 KYOTO PROTOCOL by the secretariat 10 the Depositary' who shall meeting. The adopted amendment shall be commuricated circulate it to all Parties for their acceptance' be deposited with the Depositary An ll enter into force for those Parties having ipt by the Depositary of an inshument ofacceptance other Party on the nin€tieth day afterlhe date on rrhich amendment. the nepositary its instrument of acceprance of rhe said 5. The amendment shall enter into force for any ;"i i,"d;;;;il;ttir Article 21 L Amexes to this protocol shall form an integral part thereofand, unless otherwise expressly provided, ocolconstitutesatthesametimeareferencetoanyannexestheleto.Anyannexes and any other material into fo,"" orthi. notocol shall be restsicted to lists, forms character' lhat is of a scientific, technical' procedural or adminisfative \-, to this Protocol and 2. Any Party may make proposats for an annex annexes to this Protocol may propose amendments to I shall be adoPted at an ordinary arties to this Protocol The text of to the Parties by the secretariat at adoption. The secretariat shall also an altnex to lhe Parties and signatories to tarY' acceptance. fsuch notification has been received by the DePositary' that to an arurex involves an amendment to this Protocol' 6. Ifthe adoption ofan annex or an arnendrnent ti'lalinoi"'i"t into force until such time as the amendment to this amex or amendment to Protocol enters into force * *"* force in accordance to this Protocol shall be adopted and enter into G"i-y u-"oO""nt to Aonex B shall be adopted only 7. Amendments to Annexes A and B pi'ia-J with the procedure set o"t i" attlcfJjd' http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng htsnl I/10/20t 1 Page 16 KYOTO PROTOCOL of2l - with the writlen consent of the Party concemed' Article 22 1. Each Party shall have one vote, except as provided for in paragraph 2 below' shall exercise their are Parties to lhis r States exercises its ght, and vice versa. Article 23 The Secretary-General ofthe United Nations shall be the Depositary oflhis Prorocol' Article 24 l. This Protocol shall be open for signature and subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States intigration oiganizations which are Parties ,"gi"rJ -i "".""-ic signah[e at United Nations Headquarters in New York ftom to the Convention. [t shall be open for l6 March 1998 to 15 March 1999. This Protocol shall be open for accession ftom the day after the date on which it is closed for signatue- lnstruments of ratification, acceplance, approval or accession deposited with the Depositary. or of is'-"rit". St t", t"ing a Party shall shall be mes a Party to this Protocol without any ligations under this Protocol ln the case a Party to this Protocol, the organization oi s,r"t organi-tio^, onJor more ofwhose it, ,n#U. Stut"r shall decide on their respective responsibilities for the performance oftheir states shall not be obligations under this Protocol. In such cases, the organizatiol and the membel 2. Any regional economic integration member -a entitled to exercise rights under this Protocol concurrently n, acceptance, approval or accession, rcgional economic integation nt of thiir compctence with rcspect to the matters govemed by this also inform thi I epositary, who shall in tum infom the Pafiies, of any substantial modification in the extent oftheir competence' Article 25 55 Palties at least 55 Per to the convention, incoryoratirg Parties included in Annex I which accounted in total for cent of the total carbon dioxideimissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Arnex [, have deposited their instruments ofratification, acceptance, approval or accession. 1. This Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day aftel the date on which not less than 2. For the purposes of this Article, "the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 ofthe Parties included in Amex I" means the amount communicated on or before the date ofadoption ofthis Protocol by the parties included ia Annex I irl their fiEt national conununications submitted in accordance with Article 12 ofthe Convention. http ://unfccc. in/resource/docVconvkpApeng.hnnl Ir0t20tt Page l7 of2l KYOTO PROTOCOL organization that ratifies' accepls or 3. For each State ol regional economic integntion conditioDs set out in paragraph I above for entry into irt. p.r*"irr,r1 enter inro force on rhe ninetieth day followins fte date of Lf ratification, acceptanct' approval or accession' arrDroves this Protocol or accedes thereto affer the H#;;'#;;'ifiliJ a"pJi "ilL i**-"nt deposited by a regional economic integation 4. For the purposes ofthis Article' any insruoent to thoie deposited by states members of the otsanization' u" .o*t"a ;r;;;6;Jh"li;" '"laoiiiooal Article 26 No rescrvations may b€ made to this Protocol' Article 27 on which this kotocol has entered into forc€ for trtitirot*"t uv giving *T iucn notification to fie Depositarv' l - At anv time after drce yea$ from the date - ,l#ffii,H;ffiffi6"- a Party' ofone year ftom the date of receipt by the may be s:pecified in the norificalion oi ol,iu"t rut"ia"t" 2. Anv such withdrawal shall take efiect upon expiry ;#]i,:;'o;tffifr"",i.i "r*r;i-*i, ^ of withdrawal. 3. Any Party that wilhdraws ftom the Convention shall be consideEd as atso having withdraun from this Protocol. Article 28 Chinese, English, French. Russian and spanish texts The orisinal of this Protocot, of which the Arabic, tiJiu. i"potit"a *i$ the secretarv-General or the united Nations' il #:iffi;ffi;; DONE at Kyoto this eleventh day of Decernber one thousand nine hundrcd and ninety-seven' INMTNEssWHEREoFtheundersigned,beingdulyauthorizedtothate{Teat,haveaffixedtheir - signat r"t to this Protocol on the dates indicated' Aoner A Greenhouse gases Carbon dioxide (CO2) Methane (CHa) Nihous oxide (NrO) Hydrofl uorocarbons (HFCs) http://unfccc int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng html l/10/201I KYOTO PROTOCOL Page 18 of 21 Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Sulphur hexalluoride (SF6) Sectors/source categories Energy Fuel combustion Energy industries Manufacturing industries and constuction Transport Other sectors Other Fugitive emissions ftom fuels Solid tuels Oil and natual gas Other lndustrial processes Minerat products Chemical industry Metal production Other production Production of halocarbons and sulphur hexalluoride CoDsumption of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride Other Solvent ajd oiler prcduct use ABricultue Enteric f€rmentation http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp,&peng.html t/10120lr .-. , ' ' fuoto pnotocoL Page 19 of21 Manue maDagement Rice cultivation Agdcultual soils Prescribed buming ofsava las Field burning of agricultural residues Othcr Waste Solid waste disPosal on land Wastewater handlhg v Waste incineration Other Anner B Prrfv Ouantified emissioD limitrtior or rcductiop coEmitEetrt (percentage of base Year or P€fiod) Australia 108 Austria 92 Belgium 92 Bulgaria* 92 Canada 94 Croatia' 95 Czrch Republici 92 D€Enark 92 Estonia+ 92 Euopean Community 92 http://unfccc.invresouce/docs/convkp4cpeng html !t0l20l t KYOTO PROTOCOL Pagez0 of2l Finland 92 Fralce 92 Germany 92 Gtoece92 Hungary* 94 Iceland I l0 Ireland 92 ltdy 92 Japan 94 Latvia* 92 LiechteNteitr 92 Lithuania* 92 Luxembourg 92 Monaco 92 Nerherlands 92 New Zealand 100 Norway l0l Poland* 94 Portugal 92 Romania* 92 Russian Federation* 100 Slovakia* 92 Slovenia* 92 Spain 92 Sweden 92 http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/tpeng.html yt0l20tI .. t , t ' (Yoto ptotocoL Page 2l of2l Switzcrlad 92 Ukrainer 100 United Kingdom of Grcat Bdtain ard Northem keland 92 United Statcs ofAmeica 93 + Counties tbat are undergoing the process oft'ansirion to a ma*et economy' http://unfccc in resouce/docVconvkp&peng html yl0l20tl

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