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OFEUROPE OE L'EUROPE Eworyrn Tr.aty 9,1ts - No. 185 CONVENTION ON CYBERCRIME Budapest/ 23.XI.2001 ETS 185 - Anoention on Cybrcrim, 2i XL2ffi1 The member States of the Council o{ EuroPe and the other States siFatory hereto, Considerin8 th.t t]rc alm of the Councit of EuroF is to achieve a 8lerter unity between its memb€rs; Rec%nisint the value of fo6t€rint co_opsation with the other StatEs Parties to lhis Converltion; Convimed of thE ne€d to pursue, as a matteJ of Priority, a common criminal Pohcy aiEted at the proHion oI sciety against cyberctime, inla ,lio, by adoPtin8 aPProP ate Iegistation and f ctednt international co-oPeratiorv ConsciorE of the profound charyes brought about by the diSitalisation, conver8€nce and continuiry tlobafisa tion of comPuter neworks; Concemed by the ds* that conPuter networks and electsonic injormation may also be us€d for coErmittiry criminal offetrcB and th.t evid€nce relatiry to such offmc€s may be stored and EanslerEd by th6e netlrorls; Rec%nisiry tlre need for cooPsation betwe€n Stat€s and Private industry in combatint cybercrime and dre need to Protect l itimate intercsts in the tls€ and d€veloPment of inf ormation technolqiies; Believint that an eff€ctive fEht agairtst cybscrihe requires increas€d, r.Pid and we[_ functioniry int6national ccoPeration in crimina.l matters; Convinced lhrt the pr€lsrt Convqrtion is nectssary to deter action dnected atainst the confidentiality, i^tegity and availability of coErPuter systems, networks and comPuter data as well as the misus€ of su.h systens, networks and data by Providing for the criminalisation of such conduct, as d€5.riH in this Convention, and the adoPtion of powers suJficient tor effe(tively combatiry such criminal offencG, by ,ac itatiry lheir detedo& investitation and prosecution at both the domestic ard intemational levels and by providi$ arangemmts for falt and reliable internationd ccopsahor! Mindful of he need to ensue a ProPet balance between the interests of law enJorcement and r€spEt for fundafiental human rithts as €nshrined in the 1950 Council of EuoPe Convention for the Pro6ion of Human Rithts and Frmdahental Fr€edoms, the 1966 United Nahons IntEmauonal Covenant on Civil and Political Rithts and otheJ aPPlicable intematsonil humai rBhts E€atiEs, which reaffimr dte ritht of everyone to hold opinions without interlerence, as wel as the ritht to fre€doh of exPr€ssion, includint thE freedom to s€€I, recerve, and impart inJormation and ideas of all kinds, retardl€ss of frontieE, and th€ rithb concemiry the re+€ct for Privacy; Mindful also of rhe rBht to the prcte.tion of p€tsonal data, as conjerred, for examPle, by the 1981 Council of Euope Conv€ntion for the Prot€ttion of lndividuals with retard to AutoEuuc PrE66int of Personal Data; ETS 185 - Crnwntioa on Cytucnn , 23.X1 2001 Considering the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rithts of the Child and the 1999 Intemational Labou Organization Worst Forms of Child hbour Conventiorv Taki^g hto account the existing Council of Euiope conventions on co-operation in the penal field, as well as simile keaties which exist between Council of Europe member States and other States, and shessinS that the present Convention is intended to supplement those conventions in order to make criminal investitations and proceedin8s concemint criminal oflmces relaled to computer systems and data more elfe(tive and to mable the colection of evidence rn elecEoruc form of a criminal offence; Welcomint rerent developments which furtler advance internatiorul understanding and co-operation in combatinS cybercrime, including action taken by lhe Unid Natiorls, th€ OECD, t]te European Union and th€ C8; Reratling Commiftee of Ministers Recom.mendatiors No R (85) r0 concernint the practical application of the Euopean Convention on Mutual Assistance in Cdminal Matters h respect of letters r atory fo! the intelception of telecommunicatiors, No. R (88) 2 on pnacy in the field of cop,,ritht and neithbourinS rights, No R (87) 15 regulating the use of personal data in the police sfttor, No. R (95) 4 on the protection o{ PersoMl data in the area of tel€(oEmunication serwices, with particula! reference to telephone serices, as well as No. R (89) 9 on computer-related crime providinS Suideln€s for national letislatures concemint the ddinition of certain computer crimes and No. R (95) 13 concemint problems of cnminal proedurat law connected with inlormati on technology; Havmg retard to R€solution No r adopd by the Euopean Ministers of ,usti.e at their 2rst ConJer€nce (Prague, 10 and 1l lune 1994, which recohmended that the Committee of Ministers support lhe work on cltercrime carried out by the European Commirree on Cnme Problems (CDPC) in ordel to brint domestic cnminal law provisions clo6€r to ea.h other and enable the use of effective mearls of investitation into such offences, as weI as to Resolution No 3 adopted at the 23rd ConJereme oI the European Mi^isrers of Iusti.e (London, 8 and 9 rune 2000), which encourated the netotiating parties to prtsue their effo s with . view to finding appropriat€ solutions to enable the lartest possible number of States to be(ome parhes to the Convention and acknowl€d&d the need for a swift and €fficient system of intemational co-operation, which duly takes into account the specilic requirements of the fitht atainst cybercrime; Having also r ard to the Action Plan adopted by the Heads of State and Govemmmt of the Council of Europe on the occasion of their Serond Sunrmit (Stsasbou& '10 and 1l Octob€r f94, to se€k common respons€s to the development of the new intormation teclmologi€s based on the standards and valucs of the Council of Europe; Have atreed as follows: ETS 185 - Conucntbn on Cybfttin .23 2m1 Chapterl - Use of lems Articl€ 1- Definition5 For the purpo6€5 of this Convention. a comPuter systeh" means any device or a goup of inlerconnect€d or related devic€s, one or more of which, pursuant to a ProSram, P€ orbs automatic pro(essing of data, b "computer data" means any tepres€ntation of facts, inlormation or concePts in a form suitable for prc€ssiry in a comPuter system, includi$ a Program sutable to cause a comPuler systeh to Perform a functiorv . "s€rvice Provids" m€ats: d i any public or private mtity that Provides to us€rs of its service the ability to communicatc by merns of a comPutet syst€m, and i, any other entity that Proc€sses or storcs coE\puter data on behalJ of su.h commuiication service ff users of such service; "tsaffic d.ta" mea s any comPuter dara relatiry to a communi(ation by means oI a comPuter s,stem, tsErated by a comPuter system that formed a pa in the chrin of communicabo& indicatiry the .ommunicadon's orid& destination, route, time, date, sze, du.tio& or tyPe of und€rlying service. Chaptcr ll - MeasuEs to b! trkcn .t th€ national lcvcl S6tion 1- Subst ntivc criminal l.w Titl. 1 - Ofrenc€s ogainst llE colfde ialily, int grity ann owilability ol coitputlt dtto ann systans A icl.2- nlct.l icc.ss Each Party shall adopt such leSislativ€ and other Ereasures as may be netessary to Btablish as oiminal offcnces ufldel its dom€stic law, when committed intentionally, the acc€ss to the whole or any part of a comPuter systEm without rBht. A P ty may requile that the oflence be committed by infringing s€cuity measu€s, with lhe intmt of olrtainint computer data or other dishoftst intmL or in relahon to a computer system that is connected to anothea comPuter srstem. Articl.3 - nl.8d intcn.ption Each Party shdl adopt such le8islative and other measues as may be necessary to establish as c minal oftences under its domsdc law, ' ,hen cornnitt€d intentional, the interc€ption without r8ht, made by technical mcans. of non-public tsa$missions of compute! data to, fiom or within a computEr syst€m, indudiry elertsonagnetic emissions ftom a computer rystem carryiry such computer data. A Party may require that the off€nc€ be conEritted wilh dishonest intent, o. in relauon to a .oErputer system that is conne<ted to .nother cosrpuEr systEm ETS 185 Con,ention on Cytutctire,23 XI 2001 Adcle 4- Data inr.rf€rEtr.€ Each Party shal adoPt such leSislative and other measures as hay be n€cessary .bo establish a's crinin-al offences unJer its dornestic law, when committ€d intentionaly' the dara without damagin& deletion, detenoration, alteration or suPPrcssion of 'omPuter right. A Party may reserve the ritht to requke that the conduct described in ParaSraPh I result in serious harm. Arti.l€ 5 - Syst€Er intcrfer€n.e Ea(h Party shall adoPt such ledslative and other measures as may be necessary to establish;s ctiminal oifences unaer its domcstic law, whm commited intentionaly, the s€riorrs hinderint without rEht of tfu functionint of a comPuter system by inPuttins, tsansmittn& d;agin& de-Ietin& deterioradn& altering or suPPressint comPuter data Arti.le 5- Misus. of devicGs Each Party shal adopt such l%islative and other measurd as may be necessary to establish as crimirul oifmces una€r ils dom€.tic law, when committed intentionally and without ri8ht: the production, sale, procuremant for use, imPort, distsibuhon or otherwise makiry available ot . , Pr ralrr, desiFed or adapted Primarily Ior the purpoBe oI committint any oI the olf€nes established in accordance a devi.e, indudint a comPuter with the abov€ Articles 2 thouth 5; n a computer password, access (ode, or similar data by which the whole or any part of a comPuter slEtem is caPable of bein8 accessed, with htent that it be used Ior the purpose of committing any of the of{enc€s established in Artides 2 tkough 5; and b the pGs€ssion of an rlem relerred to in PatagaPhs a i or ii above, with intent th.at it bi used for the P$pose of coEmittint any of the ollence €stablshed in Articles 2 through 5. A Party may requle by Iaw that a number of such items be poss€is€d before cdminal liability atlaches This article sha[ not be interPreted as imPosint cdminal liability where the Production, sale, pro<uement for use, import, distsibution or otherwise making available or poss€ssion referred lo in P.ragaPh 1 of this article is not for the PU+ce of coEmittint an offenc€ Gstabtished in accordance with Articles 2 duouth 5 of thjs Convmhon, such as for the authorised tesfint or Prots tson of a comPuter systen Each Party may reserve the ritht not to aPPty Paragraph 1 of this article, provided that the rcs€rvation do€s not corcem the sa.le, disbibution or otherwis€ makiry available of the items referred to in paraSlaph 1 a ii of this athcle ETS 785 - C.onocntion on Cybtcrin12,2j.Xl 2Nl TitL 2 - C,nnput.t-r.had ofrans Articlc 7 - Computcr']rlt.cd fol8cry Fach Party shitl adopl such le8islauve and othet measues as may be netessary to cstablish as criminal olfetrces under its dom€stic law, wh€tt committed intenhonauy and without ritht, the inPut, .lteration, deletio& or suPPression of comPuter data, resullm8 ut inauth€ntic data with th€ intent that it be considered or acted uPon for legal pu+oses as if it were authmtic, rctardlBs whether or not ttte data is dir€cdy r€adable and intelligible A Party may require an ints't to defraud, or similar dishon€st intent, bdore si[unal liability attach€s Article 6 - ComPutcFrclat dfu.ud Each Palty shall adopt such l€tislative and oth€r me2sur€s as may b€ necessary to €slablish as criminal olfcn €s under ib dom€sfu law, whm committed int'entionally and without ritht, the causinS of a loss of ProPsty to another PeGon by: a any input, altsatior! deletion or suPPr€ssion of comPuter d.ta; b any interf€rcnce with th€ furrtioniry of a comPuter srsEm, with ftaudulmt or dishonest intent of Prccurin& without ri8ht, an economic benefit for on€self or for .nother Person fitl. i - Contcntrclrt.d ofrdcd Articlc 9 - r Off€ncc6 rtht€d to child PorrograPhy Eadr Party shall adopt such letislative and othrr measurEs as may be necessary to establish as criminal offarc€s under its dom€stic law, whm conmitd intentionally and witiout ritht, the folowint conduct: a produciry child pomo8raphy for the purpGe of its distsibution ttuouth a comPutEr system; b offerint or matint available child pomo8raphy ttuouth a computer sFtem; . djstsibutiry or traismittint child pomogaphy tkouth a computer s,stem, d procuri$ child pomo6raphy lfuowh a computer system for onesell or for another PeEon; G possessint child pom raphy in a .ompuler system or on a computet-data sborage mdiu.sr. 2 For the purpooe of para$aph I above, the lErm "child pomotraphy" shall i^dude pomographic material that visually depictsl , a rnrnor entated ln sexually explicit conducu b a person appearint to be a minor entated in sexually explicit conducq ETS 185 - Cnnlention . d Cybrcnn423. .2m1 realistic una8es representing a hinor engaged in sexualy epli.it conduct For dre purpose of paragraph 2 above, the term "minor" shrll include a[ persorB under 18 y€ars of age A Party may, however, require a lower aEe-limit, which shaU be not less than 16 years Each Party may r€sefle the n8ht not to apply, in whole or in part, p&agraphs 1, suE paraSraphsd. and e, md 2, sub-paraSrapk b and c T itle 4 - Ofenc* rchled to inlringannts ol copy,lght and ftlatud nShB Arri.l€ 10 - Offen.es irlrt.d lo infrinEcm.nts ofcopyright dld leliled rithts Each Party shall adopt such le8islative and other measu€s as may be necessary to establish as criminal oflences under rts domestic Iaw the inftintemmt of copFght, as defined under the law of that Party, pursuant to &e oblitatiorls it has undenat€n under the Paris Act of 24 luly 1971 revEint the B€m Convention for the Protection of Lirerary and Artistic Works, the A$eemert on Trade-Related Asperts of Intelle(tual Properry Rights and the WIPO Copyritht Treaty, wrth the exception of any moral riShrs conlerred by such conventiors, wh€re such acts ere committed wilfully, on a commercial sca.le and by meaff of a computer system. Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other meaBues as may be necessary to establish as cnminal offemes under its domestic law the infringement of related rithts, as defned under the law of that Party, pursuant to thc obligations it has und€rtaken under the lnternational Convcntion for the Protection of Performe$, Producers of Phonogams and Broadcastint Ortanisations (Rome Convention), the Agreem€nt on Trade-Related Asp€cts of Inte[ectual Property Rithts and the WIPO Performan.es and Phonogarns Treaty, with the exception oI any moral nthts conJered by such convenhons, where such .cts are comndtted wilfully, on a commercial scale and by mearu of a computer system A Party may reserve the right not to impos€ cdminal Iiability under para8raphs 1 and 2 of this article in Iimid circumstances, provided that other effective rehedies are available and that such reservation do€s not dero8at€ from the Party's international oblitations set forth in the intemational ustruments ref€u€d to in paratlaphs 1 and 2 of this artide. Titl2 5 - Anci ary litbility ant !,nctbns Adicle 11 - Attcmpt a.rld aidint or abettint Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measues as may be necessaty to eshbtish as criminal offences under its dome6tic lav,, when committed inhntional, aidint or abettint the commjssion of any of the offmces established in accord.nce with Artides 2 tfuouth 10 of the present Converdon wrth intent that such offence be committed- E ch Party shall adopt such leSislative and other measures as may be necessary to Etablish as criminal offences under its domestsc law, when committed mtmtionally, an attempt to (oElmit any of the offences established in accordance with Articles 3 throuth t Z 8, and 9.1 a and c. of this Convention. ET S 185 - Cnnwntion on Cybercine, 23 XI 2ffi1 Each Party may resere the ritht not to apPly, in whole or in Patt, ParaSraph 2 of this article Article 12- Corpohte liabilitY Each Party shal adopt such legislativ€ and other measu€s as may be n€ressary to ensue that letal pssorLs can be held liable for a criminal offence established in accordance with this Conventio& committed for their beneJit by any natual Persor! actin8 either individualy or as part of an oryan of the letal Person, who has a leadint po6ition within it, based on: a a power of rePresentation of the legal Pe$on; b an authority io hke decisioN on behaff of th€ legal Person, . an authority to exercise contsol within t]rc letal Pe$on In addibon lo th€ cases aLeady pronded for in paragaPh I of this article, each Pariy shal tale the measu€s ne(€ssary to €nsure that a legal Person can be held liable where tfu lack of supervision or contsol by a natual person rderred to in ParagaPh I has made pcsible the commission of a criminal offmce established in accordance with thG Convmtion for the ben€fit o( diat letal person by a IuhIIal Person acting under ib authority. Subi€.t to the l%al plinciplcs of the Party, the liability of a letal Person may be criminal, civil or administsative. Such Iiability shal be without preiudi(e to the climinal Iiab ity of the natural Persons who have comhitted the offence. Arii.lc i- S.nctionE .nd rl..5ul!B I Ea.h Party shall adopt such letislative and other measures as may be necessary to s$u.Ie that the criminal offcnces €stablished in accordan € wilh kticl€s 2 tluough ll ar. punishable by ef{edive, proportionale and dissuasive sanctions, which include deprivation of [berty. 2 accordaffe with Artide 12 shall Each Partt shrll ensue dlat IZal persors held liable be subi€ct to €ffective, proportionatE and dissuasive criminal or nonrriminal sanctions or measures, includint monetary sanctions. i, S.rtion 2 - PrDccdur.l l.w Title 7 - C.omnon prooisiofis Articl. 14 - Sop. oI pro(.dur.l povi6iors Each Palty shaU adopt such Iegjslative and other measures as may be necessary to €stabllsh the powers and prcdu.r€s providcd for in this sedion for the purpos€ of specif'c oiminal inv€stitations or prcGedints Except as specilicaly prcvid€d otherwise in tutide 21, each Party shall apply the pow€rs and proredures rejelled to in paragaph I of this artide to: ETS 185 - Conoaltion ofl Cyturcrine,23. 2@1 9 the qiminal offences established in accordance with Articles 2 throuSh 11 of this Conv€ntioE other criminal offences committed by means of a computer system, and the coltection of evidenc€ in elechonic fom of a criminal offence. Each Party may reseNe th€ ri8ht to apply the measures refened to in Article 20 orJy to offences or catetories of offences specified in the reseryation, provided that tlrc ra te of such offmc€s or cat€ories of offences js not mole restrictd than the raqe of offsre6 to which it applies the measures referrd to in Anide 21 Each Party shall consider restsictiry such a reservation to enable the broadest application of the measue Ielerled to in Article 20. Where a Party, due to Iimitations in its leSislation in force at the time of the adoption of the present Convmtion, is not able to apply the measues refeEed to in Articles 20 and 2l to comrnuflications beint tsansmitted within a computer system ol a service provider, which system, i is being opent€d fol the bencfit of a clos€d goup of users, and ii does not employ public commudcations networks and is not comected with another compurer system, whether public or private, that Party may reserve the right not to apply these rneasures to such communications Ea.h Party shrll consider resEictint such a reservaUon to enable the broadest application of the measures refsred to in Articl6 20 and 21. Afticle 15- Conditions and saf.gua'd6 Each Party shal glsuie that the estabtshment, implementauon and appbcahon of the powers and pro(€dures provided for in thjs Settion are subj€ct to conditions and safeguards provided for under its domesdc law, which shall provide for the adequate prote.tion of human rights and liberties, including nShts adsing pursuant to obligations rt has undertalen undq the 1950 Council of Europc Convenbon for the Prot€ction of HuEun Rithts and Fundamental Fre€doms, &€ 1965 United Nations Intemational Covenant on Civil and Political Rithts, and other applicable intemational human rights instrum€nts, and which shal incorpor.te the pdnciple of proportionality Such conditions and saJeSuards shall, as appropriate in view oI the natue of the procedure or power concemed/ i tet ia, i^clude judicial or other independent supervision, $ounds justifyint application, and timitabon of the s.ope and the duahon of such power or prcedure. To the extent that it is consistmt with the publc inter€st, in Parhcular the sound admhjstradon of iustice, each Party shall consider the impact of the powers and prcedures in lhis s€rtion upon the riShts, responsibilities and letitimate mter€sts o( third parties t. ETS 185 Conwntbn on Cybnin ,23 Xl 2@7 10 Title 2 - Errydit.d Pretetbn ol storcd conryts data A*icl€ 15 - EP.dit d PIt 'rvrtion of stoftd omPutcr data measur€s as may be ne(€ssary to enable obtain the exPeditio'rs Preservabon of . th.t has beerl stor€d bY meaff of a e are Founds to betieve that the 'omPuter subs€quendy renew€d Each Party shaU the custodian or lhe undertakint The powers and Pro.edu€s reJered to in this article sllal be subi€ct to Arti'les l4 and 15. Article 17 - ExPcdid PEs'rvrtion rnd Ptti'l ditclosuE of E Ific data data that is to be prescrved under Article Each Party shal adoPt, in resp€ct of EaJdc may b€ neccssary to: such l€isiative and odrer measu€s as '16' is available regardless of eisure that such exP€ditious Prcservation of tsaIfic data of that on" or -ore service Provides were involved in tI€ tra$mirsion *t "tfte, .nd communic.tiory .- u ersu.re the expedio.* **""iffot#,v;;lTl"ll,illXy;"",i,fltrt1 provid€rs and ttte Patr tuough which fte 2 The powels and Prccedues reJerred to in this artide shall be subiect to Aiticl€s 14 and 15. TilL 3- Ptoduationo a Adiclc lE - Muction ord.r 1 Each Party shall adoPt sucl legislative and other measules as may be emPower its coEPetEnt authorides to order: ' necessary to a PeJson in its territory to submit sPecified comPuter data in that Persorls po^ssesslott ot conttot, *hict is 5 orcd in a cohPutc! system or a computer_date storate medium; and ETS 185 - Conwntion oa Cybrcirre,2i XI-2001 11 b a seri.e provider offeri^g its servic€s in the territory of the Patty to subhit subscriber inlormation relating to such services ir thrt sewice Provider's Poss€ssion or conEol. 2 The powers and procedres refeIIed to in this arhcle shall be subjett to Afticles 14 and r5. 3 For the purpose of this artjcl€, the term "subssiber inlormation" mearLs any injormation contained in the form of computs data or any other folm that is held by a s€rvi.e provider, relating to subs.ribers oI its services oth€r than tsaffic or content data and by which can be established: a the type of communication sewice used, the technical Provisions takm thereto and the period of sewice; b the subs(riber's identity, po6tal or teogaphic ad&ess, telephone and other access numbei, b lint and paymert inlormation, available on the basjs of the s€rvice aSreement or arrantement; c any oth€r information on the sit€ of the installahon of communicabon equipment, available on the basis of the sewice atreemmt or arrantemmt. Tille4 Seorch ant seizwc ofstored cofiputer ihla Articl.19- SGaKh and scizurc of stor€d computerd.ta 1 Each Pafiy shall .dopt such l%islative and olher measurcs as may be necessary to empower its competent authoritis to s€arch or simil.rly acc€ssl a a computer system or part of rt and computer b a compuler'data data stored thereirr and storate medium in which computer data may & stored in its territory. 2 Each Pafty shal adopt such Iedslative and other measur€s as may be necessary to eIlsule lhat wh€re its authorih€s s€afth or similarly access a sPecilic computer syst€m or part of it, pusuant to paragraph 1a, and have grounds to believ€ that the data southt is stored in another computer system or part of it m its territory, and such data is lawtully accessible fiom or available to the initial s]stem, the authoriti€s shall be able to expeditiously €xtend the search or similar accessint to the other s)stem 3 Each Party shal adopt suclr ledslative and other measures as may be necessary to empower its competent authorities to seize or sjmilarly secue computer data accss€d accordint to para8raPhs 1 or 2. These measur€s shal indude th. Power to: a seize or similarly secue a computer system or Part of it or a comPuterdata storage mdium; b make and retain a copy of those comPuter data; ETS 185- Anvntionon 12 Cybrcrhn423 2407 . maintain the inr%rity of the relevant stored computs data; d ren:ler inaccessrble or remove those comPuter data in the access€d comPuter Each Party shal adoPt such letisl-ative ard other measur€s as may be n€cessary lo eJnpower;ts comPetent authontrcs to order any Person who has knowledte about.the ftrnctioning of the computer slsten or measures aPPIied to Piote(t the comPuter data therein to ;rovide, as itreasonablc, the ncc€ss.ry inJom'atioD l'o enable the undertaking of the measues referred to in Paragraphs r and 2. The powe6 and proc€dues refened to in lhis article shall be subie't to Articles 14 and 15- T le5 R??l-l/ll.e colleclion oJ codputcr tbta Afti.le 20 - R€d-timc ollection of tt.I6c data to Each Party shall adoPt such ledslative and olher measur€s as may be ne(essary empow€r its competent authorities tol u couect or record tfuough the aPPlication of teclnical means on the ter tory of that Party, and b compel a s€wice Provider, within its eristi$ technical caPabilitla i to coll€ct or r€cord throuth the aPPlication of technical means on the rcrriiory oI tllat PartY; or n to cNperate and assist tlte comFtent authoriti€s in the collertion or recording of, tsalffc data, in real-time, assciat€d with sPGcified communicaEons in its teEitory tsarLsmitd by m€ans oI. comPuter system. Where a Party, due to the established PdnciPles of its domestic leSal syst€Er, cannot adopt the measues refened to in Paragraph I a, rt may inst€ad adoPl l€islative and othJr measures as may be ne(€ssary !o ensue the real-dme collechon or recording of Eajfic data as.sofl.ted with sP€cifi€d communrcations transmitd in ils territory' tfuough the apptication of technicd mearu on that teritory' Each Partv shall adoDt such legislative and oth€t measur€s as may be ne(essary to oblite a sewice ptovider to keep conJidE rtial dle f.cl of the ex€cution of any power Provided for h this artide and any lr ormation relatiry to it The powers and procedures relened to in thit article shall be subiect to Artides 14 and 15. Arti.lG 21- ht r.GPtion of conttnt d.t Each Party shrll adopt such legslative and other measu€s as may be net€ssary, in retation to a rante of serious off€nces io be determined by domestic law, to emPower its comPetent authonti€s to: ETS 18s - Conoention on Cyberctine, 2j.XL20O1 13 a .ollect or re(ord tfuou8h the application of te.hnical means on the teEitory of that Party, and b compel a service provider, within ils exjsti$ te.hnical caPabilityl i to collect or record tfuou8h the apPhcauon of t€(hnical means on the territory of thai Party, or Li to co-op€rate and assist the compebent authoriues ul the colle.tion or rccordjnS of, content data, in real.time, of sp€(ified communicatjons in its teritory tsaiEmitted by meairs of a comPuter system, 2 Wh€re a Paty, due to the established principles of its domestic letal system, cannot adopt the measures refened to in paragaph 1.a, it may insread adopt leSislative and other measues as may be neaessary to ensue the real-time collection or rerordint of content dara on spedlied comhunications in its territory tluouth the appli.ation of t€chnica.l means on that territory. 3 obliSe E3ch Pa y sh-a[ adopt such l€islauve and other measues as may b. n€.6sary ro a s€rvrce provider to keep (onJidential the fact of the execution of any power provided tor in this article and any information relating to it 4 Th€ powers and proceducs ref€rred to in this article shaU be sub,e.t to Anicles 14 and r5 S.dion 3 - Jurisdiction Articlc 22 - ,urisdiction l Each Parry shall adopt such legislative and othe. measures as may be n€c6sary to establish jurMiction over any offeme e.tablishd in accordance with Artictes 2 thrc%h 11 of this Conventior! whm the offence is cohmitted: a in its territory, or b on board a ship flyint the flat of that Party, or c on board an aircraft retisteftd under the laws of tllat Party; or d by one of its nationa.ls, iI the offanc€ is punishabl€ under crimind law where it was committed or iI the olfence is coElElitted outside the ter todal iurisdiction of anyStat€. 2 Each Party may rese e the riSht not to apply or to apply or y in sp€dfic cas€s or conditions theiurisdiction n €s lard down in paragraphs 1.b throuth l.d of this article or any part thereof. 3 Each P.!ty slrall adopt such measures as may be necessery l,o establish jurisdiction over the offen €s refer€d to h Articl€ 24, paratIaph 1, of this Convstio& in cases where an aleted offender is present in its terribory and it do€s not extradite him or h€r to another Party, sol€ly on Ele basis of his or tlEr n tionalty, aJter a r€quesl for extsadition v ETS 185 - C'nwntion on Cyberctin ,23.X1 2A07 1,1 4 This Convention do€s not exclude any criminal jurbdiction exercised by a Party in accordance with its domestic hw. s !!h€n more than one Party claiEs iudsdiction ovEr an aleSed offence established h accodance with lhis Conventior! the Parti€s involved shau, where aPPropriate' con'ult wirh a view to det€rmining th€ most aPProPriat€ iuisdiction for Pros€cution Ch.pt r III- Int mationd cc'oPcniion sEtion 1- Gd.r.l PnnciPlc, 'titb 1 - CA.nl finripLs ftlating to int'rflttiorul co oqotion A i(le 2, - Gcn.r.l PrinciPle! Elrtirg to int"mationrl co-oPer'tion The Parties sh-all cooperate with each odEt, in accordance with the Provisions chaPter, .nd dtrouth O|e indnational .o-oPer;tion in of thi! of unilorm or reciprEal le6slatiorr and relaled lo DurDG€s of investigations oi ptc€ednBs coneming crininal offences rorm of a in electsonic evidence of the cot'lection drt , ot ,or lo.pt t". tytt.t criminal offence the ".id Titt. 2 - PtinciPles relating to 'ernadition Arti.le 24 - Ertr.dition I . This arti.l€ aPPli€s to extsadition betwem Parties for the cdminal offdes established in aicordarrce with Artid€s 2 ttuouth l1 of this Conventiory Provid€d that they are Purushable under the laws of both Parties corcerned by dePrivadon of liberty for i rraximum Period of at least one year, or by a more severe Penalty b ar'ntemml agre€d whele a dilferent minimum Fnalty is to be aPPlied under 'n treaty' includint or tn extsadition ledslation or reciProcal on the basis of unilo!trt (ETS aPPlicable between two or No 24), Extsadition on lhe EuoPean Convsrtion or arranSement such for under minimum more parti€s, the P€nalty Provided tseaty shal aPPIY 2 The criminal offences descriH in ParagaPh 1 of thb artide shall be d€emed to be included as extraditable offt E€s in any extadition tseaty odsting betw€en or among the Parties. The Parties undettala to imlude such offences as €xhaditable offences in any extsadrhon Eeaty to be conduded klv€en or artory them 3 If a Party that m.kes exEadition conditional on the existence of a heaty rc'eives a Equest f;r extsadition ftom another P.rty with wNch it dG not lla-ve an extradition Ee;ty, it may consider this Convention as the le8al basis for extsadition wiih resPect to any siminal offenc€ r€fered to in ParagaPh I of this article' 1 Parties that do not make extradrtion condrhonal on the exjstcflce of a tseaty shall re(oFise lh€ criminal off€nces ref€rred to in Patag.Ph I of this artide as extraditable off€nceB between lh€nselves. ETS 785 - Conl)ention on Cybeffiine,23 Xl 2001 l5 Ertsrdition shal be subie(t to l-he conditions Provided for by the law or the requested Party orby applicable extradition treaties, includin8 the grounds on which the reque(led Party nay retuse €xtsadition. ff extradition for a criminal offen.e referred to h ParatraPh r o( this artide is r€tus€d {lelv on the basis of lhe nat'onalitv of the Person sou8ht, or beraus€ the requested Party dee;s thdi it has Jurisdichon over the offence, lhe requesled Party shall submtt the case al the request of the requ6tint Party to tts comPetent authorities for lhe PurPoEe oI and shaX repo th; final outcome to the requestint Party in due course "'osecuti6n ihose authorities shau tale lheir decisio and conduct their investitatiorLs and pro(eedi$s in the same manner as for any other offunce of a comparable nature under the law of that Patty a Each Party sha , al the time of siFature or when dePositint ils irlsEument of mtificatio;, accePtance, aPProval or accessior! communicate to the Sesetary General of the i:o,-cil oi Errope the name and address of each autho ty responsible for makint or re.eivint r€qu€sts for exEadition or Provisional anest in the absence of a tseaty b The Secretary General of the Counc of Europe shall set uP and keeP updad a registei of a;thorities so desiSrated by the Parties Each Party shalt ensure that the deta s held on the register are corrett at all times Title 3 - Genenl WinciPls relolinS to nuhlol ossisLance Article 25 - G€n.rat pdnciplc6 tclating to muturl a35i6tan.€ The Parti6 shal afford one another mutual aesistance to the widest ertent possible for the purpose of hvestitations or prGeedings concerning criminal offences related -to computit syscrs and data, or for the coUe.tion of evidence in ele(tsonic form of a criminal offence Each Party shall also adoPt such ledslative and other measules .s may be necessary to carry out lhe obliSations set forth in tuhclcs 27 throu8h 35. Each Party may, in urBent circumstan e5, nake requGts for mutual assistance or cornmunications related thereto by exPedid mearls of commu ication, includi$ fax or e-mail, to th€ extent that such meals Provid€ aPProPriat€ levels of s€(urity and authmt,cation (includint the use of encryPbo& where n€cessary), with formal confirrnation to follow, where requned by the requested Party. The requesd Paty shall accept and r€6pond to the rcquest by any such exPedited mearls of communic.tion' Except es otherwise sP€cilicaly provided in artides in this chaPt'er, mutual assistance sha[ be subiett to the conditions provided for by the law of the rcqu.sted Party or by applicable muhi.l assistance Eeities, including the trounds on which the requested P_arty may reluse co-operation The rcquesd Party shall not exercis€ the riSht lo.refus€ mutual assistance in relation to the offences referred l'o in Articles 2 tfuou8h 11 solely on that the request concems an of{ence whi.h it conslde$ a fis.a] offence lhe Sround Where, in accordance with tlrc Prcvisions of this chaPter, the requested Party is p€rmitted to male mutual assistance conditional uPon the exist€nce of dual criminality, ihat condition sha[ be deemed fuffilted, irresPective of wheth€r its laws Place the offence within the sahe cateSory of offenc€ or denominate the off€nce by th€ same terminoloty ,s the requestint Party, if the conduct und€rlyint the offence for which assistance is souSht is a criminal offence under ils laws E-lS 185 - AnrEntion on Cyhlcrin , 2i.XI-2001 l6 Arii(l€ 26 - SPonLn.ou. inlornation A Party may, within lhe Iimits of ils domestic law and without Prior request, forward to another Party irformation obtahed wi8dn the framework of iDs own investiSations when it considerc that the discloGure of such information mitht assitt the receiviry Party in initiating oi carryiry out investiSatio$ or Prc€edings comerning criminal offences established in accordance with this Convention or mitht lead to a request for co_ operation by that P.rty under thjs chaPter' Pdor to providint such inlormatio& the Providing Party may request that it be kePt conlidential or or{y used subi€ct to conditions. tf the re(eivint Paiy camot comPly with such request, it shall notify dte providing Patty, whid shall then dercrmine whether the inJormation shou.ld nevertheless be Provided lf the receivint Party accePts the in ormation subie.t to the conditions, it stlal be bound by them. Title 4 - kx.dutcs p.noining to nulutl assistoice ftquests h thz absa\e ol aPpli@btu intmatioial ogeelnents oI PGrt ining ro mutud .ssitLnc. rqucsts ir thc abs'ne .8rEcmmt3 intemrtional .ppli..bl€ Articlc 27 - Mults Whele there is no mutual assist.Il.e treaty or arrantement on the basis of unifomr or the reEipio(al legislation in force kween lhe requesting lhis artide shal 9 of this 2 tluouth pro"isors of paragraphs the article shal n;t aPPIy where such treaty, arantemmt o in lieu th€reof of this arucle remainder alty or a[ of thc atre€ to aPPly Parties concem€d . Each Party shall d€siSnate a c€ntsal authority or autho u€6 resPonsible for sendinS and ttwerint requ€sts Ior mutual assistaff€, the exedtion of such requeEts or then tsansmission to the authorities comPetEnt for their execution' b The cenEal authorities shall coEurunicate dirccdy with each other; . Each Party shal, at the time of sitnatue or when dePo6itint its instrument of radficatson, acceptancg approval or acc€ssiory communicate to lhe Secretary Gen€ral of tlle Council of EuroPe the names and addresses of the authoritils d€sighated in pursuance of &ds Parag.Ph; d The Secetary Cenelal of the Council of EuroPe shall set uP and keeP uPdad a reglster of cenEal authoriti€s desiFated by the Parties Ea.h Party shall ensure that the details held on the re$ster are conE(t at all tidles. Mutual assistance requests under this articl€ shill be exe(uted in accordance with the pro.edue5 specihed by lhe requestint Party, excePt where incohPatible with the law of the rcquestEd Party. The requ€sd Party may, in addition to the gounds for refulal established in Arhcle 25, paragaph 4, refuse assistanc. iI: a the requ€st concerns an offetrce which the rcqu6ted Party considers a political offence or an offmce colur€c-d with a Political offqrce, or ETS 185 Convm on on Cybetcnne, 23 Xl2U1 17 b it consders that ex€cution of the request is likely to Prcjudice its soverei$ty, *c\tit]y , o te publie ot other ess€ntial interests. The requested Party may postpone action on a r€qu6t if such achon would Prcjudice criminal investi8atiorls or proceedin8s conducted by its authorities. Before ref!,sing or postponin8 assbtan e, the requested Party shal, where approPnate after having consulted with the requestint Party, conside! wheihe! the request may be $anted partially or subie(t to such con&tons as it de€ms netessary The requested Party shall promptly inform the requesti$ Party of the outcome of the execution of a r€quest for assistance. Reasorls shal be Siven for any refusal or postponem€nt of the r€quest. The requested Party shal also inforn the requ€sting Party of any rensons that render impossible the €xecution of the request or are likely to delay it signficantly. The reque.ting Pariy may request that the requesd Party keep conJidential ihe fact of any request made under this chapts as well as ib subj€ct except to the extent necss.ry for its exe€utiorl If the requested Party carnot comply with the request for confidentiality, it shal promptly injorm the requesting Party, whid shal then determine whethei the request should neverthe-less be executed . In lhe event of urSmcy, requ€sts for mutual assistance or communications r€lad thereto may be sent direcdt by judicial authoritje of the requestht P;ry to such authoriU6 of the requested Party In any such cases/ a copy shall be sent at the same time to the cenEal .uthority o, the requested Party tIEouSh the centsal authority of lhe requestint Party Any request or conmunication und€r this paragraph nay be made thiouth tlle InteFational Cnminal Police O$anisation onterpol). Where a request is made pusuant to suFparagraph a. of this article and the authority is not competent to deal with thc rcquest, it shal refer the request l,o the competent national authority and inJorm directly the requestin8 Prrty that it has d " Requcsts or communicatiorls mad€ under thls para$aph that do not mvolve c@rcive action may be dir€ctly transmitd by the competent authorities of the requEting Party to the competent authorihes of the requestd Party Each Party ma, at the ume of sitnature or when depositint its insEument of ratification, acceptancg approval or accessio& inJorm the Secretary General of the Council of Europe thaL for rcasons of efficiency, requests made under this patatraph are to be addr€ss€d to iB cmtsal authority Article 2E - Confid€ntiality and limitation on us€ Whm there is no muhral assistance tseaty or aran8ement on th€ basis of uniform or reciprocal l islation h force between the r€qucsthg and the requ€sted Paftes, the provisiors of this article shau apply. The provisions of this article shE[ not apply where such Eeaty, arrangemmt or le$slation exists, ui.less the Partles concemed agee to apply any or aU of the remainder of this article in lieu thereof The requested Party may make the supply of inJormation or materia.l in response to a request dependent on the condition that it is: ETS 185 - Conwntion on Cyb.crin ,23.X1 2n1 18 , kept confidential where the request for mutual le8al assbtance could not be conplied with in the abs€nce of such.ondition, or b not us.d lor hvestigations or proceedints other than thos€ stated in the request If the requestinB Party cmot comply with a condilion refer€d to in paragraph 2, it shall promptly inlorm the other Party, which shall then dete nine whether the inJorhation should neveflheless be provided. When th. requesting Party accepts the condiho& it sllaI be botnd by it. Any Party thrt supptics inlormadon or material subi.<t to a condiuon refened to in paragraph 2 may rcquire the other Party to exPlain, in rclatron to that.onditiort the tlse made of such informauon or material. S.ction 2 - spccifi c prcvilions Title 1 - Mutual $istance r.gr iry Wousbnal n esw.s Aficle 29 - Eryedit.d pfts€rvetion of stoEd (omPutcr d.ta r A Party hay r€quest another Party to order or otlErwise obtain the epeditious prEcrvation of data storEd by merns of a comPuter s,stedr, lo(ated within the teml'ory of that other Party and in resPect of which the requestint Party intends to submit a request for mutual assistance for the s€arch or smilar a.cess, scizure or similar securht, or dis<losure of the data 2 A request for preservation made under ParagaPh r sllal sP€cify: a the authority s€eki$ the Pr€servatsorr b the offence that is the subie(t of a oiminal invdtiSation or Pro.eedjnts and a brief summary of the relaied facts; . the stored computer data to be pres€rv€d and its relauoiship to the offmce; d any available inlormation identif,,int the custodian of th€ sbored comPuter data or the Iocation of the comPuter s)st€m; e lhe necessiry of the pres€rvation; and t that the Party intErds to submit a requ€st for mutual atsist nce for the search or similrr acces6, s€izure or similar s€cudn& or disclosure of the stored computer d.ta Upon receiwint the rcquEt from anoths Pany, the requested Party shall t.ke all appropriate measues to prescrve expeditiously the sPecified dala in acmrdance with ils domestic law. For the purpG€s of rEpondint to a requ€lt, dual criminality shal not be requLed as a condition to Providint such Pr€s€rvation. ETS 185 - Conwntion on Cyb€tcine, 23.X1-2(n1 19 A Party that requles dual criminality as a condition for responding to a request for hutual assistanc€ for the search or similar access, seizure or sh secunn& or disclosur€ of stored data may, in respert of offences other than those established in accordanc€ with Articles 2 through 11 of this Conventior! reserve the riSht to refuse the request for preservation under this article in cas€s where it has reasons to believe that at the time of drsdosue the condrhon of dual (riminality can ot be fulfilled. In addition, a request Ior preseryation may only be refus€d lf' a the request concems an offGnc€ which the requesled Party cor6ideG a political oftunce or an offence connerted with a political offence, or b the requ6ted Party conside$ that execution of t]rc request js likely to prejudice its sovereiFty/ s€cu tyl ordn pubii. or othe! ess€ntial interGti Where th€ requcsted Party beli€vcs that pres€rv.tion will not ensue the tutUIe availability of the data or wiI dEeaten the confidentiality of or ot]rcrwis€ preiudice t}le requesting Party's inv6tig.bo& it shal prompdy so infom drc requesti$ Party, which shal then det€rmin€ whether the requEt shodd nevertheless be exetuled. Any preseruation effected in resporls€ to the request relerred to in paragaph I shall be for a period not less than sixty days, in order to €nable the requestint Party to submit a request lor the sear.h or similar access, seizue oI similar secudn& or dis.losuie of the data. Folowing the receipt of such a request, the data shall continue to be pres€rved pendin8 a d€cision on that request. Adiclc $- Expcditcd disclosure of prcc.rv.d krffi. data Where, in the course of the execution oI a request made pusuant to Article 29 to preserve trafFic data conceming a specific comErunication, t]rc requested Palty discovers that a service provider in another State was involved in the traismission of the communicatio& the requested Party shall crqeditiously dirlos€ to the requesUnt Party a sufficient amount of tsaffi( data to identily that service provider and the parh rhroqh which the commrrni.ation was tsansmitted. Disclosure of tsaJfic date under para$aph 1 trlay only be withheld iI: . the request concems an oflence which the request€d Party considers a political offence or an offenc€ corurcct€d with a political oflence; or b the requested Party considers that exe(ution of drc request is likely to prqudice irs sovereiFty, serurity, ,/dr€ pllblic or other essential mterests Titb 2 - Mutual assistanee rc$diry inocsti$tilx pouers Adcl. 31 - Mutual .lBistanc. Etardin8 acccasinS of 6torcd computcr data A Party may request another Party to se ch or similarly access, seize or similarly s€(ule, and dis.los€ data stoEd by mearls of a computer s,sEm locad within the territory of the requested Party, includint data that has bem preseded pulsuant to Article 29 ETS 185 - Ctn*ntioi on Cybtcrid., 23 XL2m1 20 The requested Party shau r€s?ond to the requ€st ttuou8h the aPplication of intcrnational inshummts, arrantements and laws referred to in Articl€ 23, and in accordan'e with olher relev,nt Provisions of 0tis chaPter The requEt shal be r€sPonded to on afl exPedited brsis where: there are grounds to betieve that relevant data is Particularly vulnelable to loss or " modificatiory or b the instruments, arrantemenls and laws referred to in ParagaPh 2 otherwise provide for expedid co-oPeration. Aniclc 32 - Tr.nE-bod.i ec.css to stoEd comPuter d.t with 'onEcnt or whcE publiclY avrilablc A Party may, without ihe audDrisation of anodEr Party: a where a.cess publicty availabte (oP€n souce) stor€d comPuter data, resardless of or raPhically, the data is locat€d b access or receive, tlrouth a comPuter system in its tenitory, stor€d comPuter data lcated in another Party, iI tIrc Party obiains th€ lawful and voluntary consent oJ t€ th€ p€xson who has the la*'ful authmity to dirlose the dah to the Party tuouth that comPuter s,stem Articl. 3 - Muiu.l .ssistrncc in th. E.t-tirt collection o( t .ffic dati The Parties sha[ provide mutual assist.nce to eadr other in the realtime colle'tion of tsaffic data assod;ted with sPecilied communications in th€ir ternlory tsaffmitd by meaff ot a compuier sysEm Subiect to the Provisions of ParagraPh 2, this as$stance shal be tovemed by Orc conditions and Procedur€s Provid€d Ior lmder domesbc law Each Party shal provide such assistance at least with r€sP€ct to criminal offences for which real-tim€ collection of traI6c dala would be available lJt a similar dom€shc case. Arti.l€ 34 - Muturl .ssistance retrdinS th€ int?rtcPtion of conient data The Parties sha-U provide mutual .ssislance to each other in the real-time colle(uon or recordinS of content data of s?edfied communicatiorls transmitted by means of a computer slstem to the extmt PerEdtd undet their aPPlicable tseaties and domestic laws Title 3 -24/7 NefiLetk Articlc 3s- 24, Nctwort Each Party shal designate a point of contact available on a twmty-fou hour, seven-day' a-we€k basis, in order to drsll-re the provision of im.Elediate assistance (ot the PurPoc€ of invesiitations or proce€dinF comemint siminal offmces relad to comPuter systems ,nd data, or for the collection of evidence in ele.tronic form of a criminal offence. Su.h assistance shall include frcilitatin& oa iI Frmitted by its domestic law and Practice, dircctly carryint out lhe fouowiry m€asures: a the provision oI ledni.al advice; ETS 185 Conlxntiofl on Clktcrim..23 X1.2001 27 the preservation of data pursuant to Articl€s 29 and 3Oj th€ coue€tion of evideme, the provision of letal injormation, and lo.atiry o( suspects. 2 a A Party's point of contact shal have t]te capacity to carry out comunications with the point of contact of another P,!ty on an expedit€d basis b If the point of contact desi8nad by a Party is not part of rhat Party's authority or authorities resporlsjble for international mutual assistance or extradition, the point of contact shrll ensure that it is able to co-ordinate with such authority or authorities on an expedited basis. 3 Each Party shaU ensure tllat Eained and equipped peEonnel are available, in order to facilitate the operation of the network. Chapte' IV - Fin.l pmvisions Article 35 - SiSnaturE and entry into (o]te I This Convention shatl be opm for siFarure by the mEmber Stares of the Council of Europe and by non-m€mber States which have participated h irs elaboratioL 2 This Convention is subject to ratific.ho& aceptance or approval. IrctsumenLs of ratificauon, acceptance or approval shal be deposited with the S€cretary ceneral of the Council of Europe. 3 This Convention sha.ll enter into force on th€ filsr day of the month Iolowin8 the exp ation of a period of thrce mo hs after the date on which 6ve Shtes, including at least thrce member States of the Council of Euope, have express€d their cons€nr to be bound by the Convdrtion in accordanc€ with the provisions of parafaphs 1 and 2 In respe.t of a-ny sBnatory State which subsequently express€s its.onsent to be bound by rt, the Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month folowinS the expiation of a period of tfuee months after the date of the expression of rb corlsenr to be bound by th€ Convention in accordance with the provisions of paratraphs 1 and 2. Ati.le 37- Accession ho lhe Conv€ntion After the entry into force of this Conventioo the Committee of MinjsteE of the Counol of Europe, after consulhng wirh and obtainiry the unanimous consent of the Contrachn8 States to the Conventio& may invite any State which is not a menber of the Council and which his nol participated in ib elaboration to accede to this Convention The decision sluu be hken by the majority provided for in Article 20.d of the Statute of the Council of Euope and by the unanimous vote of the representatives oI the Contsacting States entitled to sit on the Committee of Ministerc In respdt of any State acceding to the Corvmtion under para$aph I above, the Convention shall mter into force on the firct day of the month folowing the expirahon of a period of tirce months after lhe date of deposit of the irLstrument of accession with the Secrel.ry Ceneral of the Courril of Eu.rope. ETs 785 - CDnoention on cybtcriit ,2i.Xl 2001 22 A i(lc 3E- Teftitori.l.pplic.tion Any State Eay, at th€ time of sBnatue or when depc6itint rE iistru-trlmt of ratifrcatior! acc€ptance, approval or a(cession, sPecily lhe teritory or territories to which this Convention shal aPPlY. Any State may, at any later date, by a dedaration addessed to the Sftretary Ceneral of the Council of Europe, extend the application of this Convention to any other terntory specilied in the de.laration tn resp€(t of such territory the Convention shau enber into force on the first day o{ the month folowiry the etPtation of a Period of thlee months after the date of receiPt of the declaration by the Secretary Gcneral. Any declaration made under the two preceding ParagaPhs nay, in resPect of any territory spe(ified in such declaratioru be with&awn by a notincation addrcss€d to th€ S€cretary General of the Council of EuoPe Th€ with&awal shall become effective on the first day of the month folowint th€ expnadon of a Period of thr€€ months aJter the date of reeipt of such notsfication by the S€cret,ly General Arri.le 39 - Effeds of thc Convcntion The purpose of the prcs€nt Cdwentron is to suPPlem€nt aPPli(abl€ multilateral or bilateral Eeaues or arran8emenB as between lhe Parties, in luding the Provisions of: - the Eruopean Convsrtion on Extsadrtion, oPened for siSnature h Paris, on 13 December l9s7 (ETS No 24); - the Euopean Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters, opened for sitnatule in Strasbou& on 20 AP!iI1959 (EIS No. 30), - fi€ Additionil Prot(.ol to the EuroPern Convention on Muturl Assistance in Criminal MatteE, oP€n€d for siSFatue in StsasborlIt, on lTMarch t978 (ETS No. 99) lf two or more P.rties have akeady conduded an .8re€ment or tseaty on the matters dealt with in this Conv€ntion or have othdwise €stablished their relations on such matters, or should they in tutue do so, they shall also be srtitled to apply thit ageement or ts€aty or !o retulate those relations a.cordintly- However, where Parti€s €stablish their relations in r€spect of the matters dealt wrth in the present Convention other than as retl ated thereir! they shal do so in a maflrcr that is not mconsistent with the Convention's obiectives and PrinciPles Nothint in this Convmtion sllal aJfect other ri6hts, restrictiom, oblitafons and r€sponsibiliti5 of a Perty 23 ETS 185 - Conoention on Cybrc.iru, 23 ) 2m1 Adi.lc {o - Dedirarions By a written nodlication addrEsed to the S€tretary General of the Council of Europe, any Shte may, at the time of signature or when depcitint its instrument of ratificario& acceptance, approval or accessior! declare that it avails itse[ ol the poGsibility of requiring additional elehents as providd for under Articles 2, 3, 6 paiatraph 1.b,7,9 Para8raPh 3, and 2z ParaSraPh9e Adclc {1- F.der.l clause A federal Stat€ Eay r€Eerve the ritht to assume oblitations under Cllapter Il of this Convmtion consistenl with its fundamental pdnciples govemiry the relationship betwe€n its cenEal government and constituot States or otlEr similar territorial €ntiti€s provided that it is stil able to co-operate under Chapter III Wh€n makint a rGervation und€r paragaph 1, a federal Srate may not apply the terrns of such r€s€rvation to exclude or substartialy diminish its oblitations to provide for measures set forth in Chapter II. Overa.U, it shal provide for a broad and effertiv€ law enJorcemmt capability with respert to those m€asu€s. With retard to the provisiorls of this Convmtio& the application of which comes under lhe jurisdiction of corlstitue-nt Stat6 or other similar tedtorial entiti€s, that are not oblited by the constitutional system of tfu federation to take legjslative measures, the ,ederal tovernment sha]l inlorm the comp€tent authorities of such Stat€s of tlle said provisions with its favourable opinior! encouadnt rhem ro take appropriate action to tive them effert Articlc 4il - Rcservationc By a written notification addr€ss€d ro rhe S€Eretary c€nerat of th€ Council of Euope, any State may, at the time of siFEture or when depoEiting its msEument of ratilicatio& acceptancq approval or accession, d€clare that it avails itself of th€ res€rvarion(s) provided fol in Article 4 para8raph 2, Arti.le t paragraph 3, Arhcte 9, paragaph 4, tutide r0, palatraph 3, Article ll, paragraph 3, Article 14, palatlaph 3, A,r.tde 22, paragaph Z Article 29, paragaph 4, and Ani.le 41, paragraph 1. No other reservation may b€ made. Afticle 4i| - Statu6 and withdrrwrl of rEcrv.tions A Pdty tllat has made a res€rvation in accordanc€ with Anicle 42 may wholy or partialy witldraw it by mearls of a notification addr€ssed to the Secretary General of tfu Coundl of Europe. Such withdrawal shall take eff€ct on the date of rereipt of such notiJication by the Secretary Ceneral. If the nodlication states that the withdrawa_l of a res€rvation i5 to take effect on a date speciried therei& and such date is later than the date on which the notification is r.ceived by the Secretary General, the withdrawal shal take efiect on such a laterdate A Pariy that has made a res€rvation as refened to in Article 42 shal withdraw such r€s€rvatio& in whole or in part, as soon as circuErstances so permit The S€cretary General of the Council of Euope may periodicaly eiquire with Parti6 that have made one or more reservations as refened to in Arti.le 42 as to th€ pro6p€cts for wrth&awint such reservation(s) ETS 185 - Crnoention on Cybicain , 23 Xl 2001 24 Article 44 - Am.ndErcnts Amendments to this Convention Elay be proPos€d by any Party, and shalt be coErmunicad by the Secretary G€neral of the Council of EuroPe to the hember States of the Counc of Europe, lo the non'memb€r SLtes which have P.rticiPad in the elaboiation of this Convmlion as well as ho any State whi.h has acceded to, o! has b.en invitEd to accede to, this Convmhon in accordance with th€ Provisions of Article 37 Any amerdment propG€d by a Party shau be communicated to th€ EuoPean Committee on Crime Probtrems (CDPC), which shall submit to the Comndtt€e of Ministers its oPinion on that ProPced amendmmt The Committe€ of MinisteE dlall consrder the Prop6ed aD€trdment and the opinion submitted by the CDPC and, folowint consultation with the non-member States PartieB to this Conv€ntio& may adopt the am€tdment. The text of any amgldment adopted by the Committe€ of Mrniste$ in a.cordance with paragraph 3 of this artide shal be forwarded to the Parties for accePtance. Any amendment adopd in accordarre with ParagaPh 3 of this article slull come into force on the thirtieth day alter a[ Partics have inJomed th. Secetary G€neral of th€ir accePtance th€reof. Articlc 45 - S.ttlcErot of disPut s The European Commitree on Crime Probl€ms (CDPC) shall be kePt inJormed regardint the inteprehtion and aPPlication oI this Convmtior In casc oI a dispute tretween Parti6 as to the interPretation or aPPlication of this Conv€ntion, they duI s€ek a setdenlslt of lhe disPute ttuouth netotiation or any oth€r peaceful mea^s of their choict, i^cludint submirtion of the disPute to the CDPC, to an abitsal trjlunal who6e decisions shall be bhdint upon the Parti€s, or to the Intemabonal Court of Justice, as atr€€d uPon by dle Parties concemed. Articl. 45 - Con6ulLtion3 ol thc Palti6 The Parh6 shall, as .ppropriate, consrnt paiodica.[y with a view to f.cilitatinf . the effectiv€ us€ .nd implemsrtation oI this Conventio& includint the idmtificauon of any ploblehs thereot as weII as the effects of any de.laration or reservation made under this Convmtiotr; b th€ exchante of information on siFificant l%at policy or tedmolotical developmenb pstaining to cyb€rcime and the collection of evidence in e-lectronic form; . (onsideration of possible suppl€[ientetion or ammdment of the Convention The Euopean Conmittee on C me Probl€ns (CDPC) shau be k€pt periodicaly inJormed regardint the Esult of consultatioG refcrI€d to in paragaph 1 E'tS 185 - Conoentbn on Cybrcnn423.XL2m1 25 The CDPC sha[, as appropriate, facilitate the consultahons referred to in ParagraPh 1 and take the heasures n6r.ssary to assisl the Parti6 in then dforts to suPPlement or amend the Convention At the latest tfuee years after the Pres€nt Convention €nters into force, lhe Europe,n Committee on Crime Problerls (CDPC) sha[, in co-oPelation with the Partics, conduct a review of aI of the Convmtion's Provisioirs and, iI necesary, reromnend any appropnate ammdm€nts Ercept where assuhed by the Cormc'l of EuroPe, exPens€s incured in carryiry out the provisioru of paragraph I shall be bome by the Parties in the manner to be determined by them. The Partics shall be .ssisted by the Sec€tariat of the Council of EuoPe in carrying out thet functions pusuant to thi! artrcle. Articlc 47 - Denunci.tion Any Party may, al any time, denounc€ Ods Convention by means of a notilication addressed to the Secretary Ceneral of the Council of EuroPe Such denunciation shal becoEe effe.dve on the first day of the month following the expirauon oI a period of tkee months aJter the date of re.eiPt of the notification by the S€cretary General. Adi(l€ 48 - Notificrtion The Secretary General of the Council of EuroPe shall notily tlrc member States of the Council ol Euope, lhe non-m€Eiber Slates which have ParticiPated in the elaboration of this Convention as we-I as any State which has acceded to, or has bem invited to accede to, this ConvenUon of: any sitnarure; the deposit of any insEument ol ratification, accePtarrce, aPProval or a(cession; any date of enEy into force of this Convennon in accordance with Articles 36 and 37; any declaration made under Article 40 oi reservation made in accordance with Article 42; any other act, notificadon or.ommunication rdatiry to this Convention In r{.itsless whereof the undersi$€d, beint duly authorised thereto, have siFed lhis Convention Done at Budapest, this 23rd day of November 2001, in Erylish and in French, both texts being equauy authentic, in a sin8le coPy which sha[ be dePo6ited in the archiv€s of the Council of Europe. The Sffretary Genrral of ihe Council of Europe sha[ tsarLsmit certified copies to each member State of the Council of EuroPe, to the non-member Srates which have panicipat€d in the elaboration of this Conv€ndon, and to any State invited to accede to it |1