„საბაჟო სამართალდარღვევების თავიდან აცილების, გამოძიების და აღკვეთის მიზნით ადმინისტრაციული ურთიერთდახმარების შესახებ" ნაირობის 1977 წლის 9 ივნისის კონვენცია.
📋 განხილვის ეტაპები
ინიციირებული ვარიანტი
📄 საქართველოს პარლამენტის ბიუროს გადაწყვეტილება ნორმატიული აქტის პროექტის განხილვის პროცედურის დაწყების შესახებ (65 KB)
📄 საქართველოს პრეზიდენტის წარდგინება (140 KB)
📄 განკარგულება (45 KB)
📄 განმარტებითი ბარათი (51 KB)
📄 შენიშვნების ფურცელი (206 KB)
📄 დასკვნები (444 KB)
📄 კონვენცია (3.5 MB)
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სხდომაზე განსახილველი პროექტი
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🏛️ კომიტეტები
- საფინანსო-საბიუჯეტო კომიტეტი წამყვანი კომიტეტი
- საგარეო ურთიერთობათა კომიტეტი კომიტეტი რომლის დასკვნაც სავალდებულოა
- იურიდიულ საკითხთა კომიტეტი კომიტეტი რომლის დასკვნაც სავალდებულოა
- განათლების, მეცნიერებისა და კულტურის კომიტეტი კომიტეტი რომლის დასკვნაც სავალდებულოა
- ჯანმრთელობის დაცვისა და სოციალურ საკითხთა კომიტეტი კომიტეტი რომლის დასკვნაც სავალდებულოა
- ევროპასთან ინტეგრაციის კომიტეტი კომიტეტი რომლის დასკვნაც სავალდებულოა
📅 დამატებითი ინფორმაცია
ბიუროზე განხილვის თარიღი 2009-10-05
ბიუროს ნომერი 89
📜 ტექსტი
საქართველოს პარლამენტის ბიუროს გადაწყვეტილება ნორმატიული აქტის პროექტის განხილვის პროცედურის დაწყების შესახებ
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კონვენცია
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION
ON MUTUAL AOMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANCE
FOR THE PREVENTION, INVESTIGATION
AND REPRESSION
OF CUSTOMS OFFENCES
(Nairobi, 9 June 1977)
WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION.
Rue du Mer.h6, 30
B-1210 Bruss€ls
'
1999
world Customs Organization (WCO) is the y,llking name of lhe Customs Cc'op€ration Counc'l (CCC)
Table of conlents
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. CONVENTION
Pages
Body ot the Convenllon
Preamble
B.
?
Chapter I
Definitions (Article'l)
?
Chapter ll
Scope ot the Convention (Adicles 24)
I
Chapter lll
General assistance procedur6s (Articlss 5-8)
9
Chapter lV
Miscellaneous provisions (Arlicles 9-11)
10
Chapter V
Role of the Council and of the Permanent Technical
Committee (Articles 12 and 13)
11
Chapte. Vl
Final provisions (Articles'14-23)
12
Anngxos
ex
I
I Assistanc€ by a Customs administralion on its own
lnltiative
Annex ll
Assislance, on request, in the Essessmant of imporl or
export dutes and taxes
Annex lll
Assistance. on requesl, relating to controls
Annex lV
Assistance, on requesl, relating to survelllance
'19
23
Enquiri€s and notifications, on request, on behalf of
anotherContracting Party
Annex Vl
Appearance by Customs otficials before a courl or tribunal
Bbroad
27
Annex Vll
Presence of Customs officials of one Contracting Party in
the tenitory of anolhor Contractlng Parly
29
Annex Vlll
Participation in investigations abroad
31
Annex lX
Pooling of information
Annex X
Assistance in action against the smuggling of narcolic
drugs and psychokopic substances
39
Annex Xl
Assistance in action against the smuggling of works of art,
antiques and other cultural properiy
45
Table of contents
4
II. COMMENTARY
Pages
Gcneral
1. Historicalbackground
2. Genoral scope and structure of the Convention
3. Rules tor the lnterpretation of the Nairobi Convention
B
51
53
Body ol tho Conyentlon
'1. Preamble
2. Definitions (Chaptor l)
3. Scope of the Convention (Chspter [)
4. General assistanc€ procedures (Chapter lll)
5. Misc€llaneous provisions (Chapter lV)
6. Role of lhe Council and of the Permanent Technical Committee
(Ch8pt€r V)
7. Final provisions (Chapter Vl)
55
55
56
58
58
59
c. Anngxgs io ihe Convgntlon
1. Gen€ral scope of the Ann€xes
2. Assistance by a Customs administration on its own lnltiativ€
(Annex l)
3. Assistianc€, on request, in the Bssessment ol imporl Or exporl
60
60
60
dulies 8nd taxss (Annex ll)
4. Assistance. on roquest. rBlating to controls (Anngx lll)
5. Asslstanc€, on request, relaling to survg lance (Annex lV)
6 Enquiries and notifications, on request, on behatt of onoth€r
Conkactrng Party (Annex V)
7. Appearance by Customs officrals before a court or tibunal
abroad (Annex Vl)
60
61
6'l
61
8. Presence of Customs ofllcjals of one Contracting party in the
61
L Parlicipation in inv€stigations abroad (Annex Vlll)
62
teritory of another Contracting Party (Annex Vll)
Table of contents
II, COMMENTARY
Pages
10. Pooling of information (Ann€x lX)
62
11. Assislance in action against the smuggting of narcotic drugs and
psychotropic substances (Annex X)
63
12
Assistance in aclion agarnst the smuggling of work of art,
antiques and other cultural property (Annex Xl)
64
III. BENEFITS OF THE NAIROBI CONVENTION
Pages
L Exchanga of infonnation
ll. Surverllance, investigations and assistance during judicial procoodings
lll. Reasons for acceding to the Nairobi Convention
lV. Conclusions
65
66
66
68
IV. PROCEDURES ACCEDING TO THE NAIROBI CONVENTION
Pages
L Accossion
ll. Role ot the Secretary Generat of the Council
lll. Preparatory work to be c€nied out in the acceding country
69
69
69
lV. Pr€paration of briefs or memoranda
70
V. Conclusion of th€ accession proc€ss
71
V. APPENDICES
Pages
Summary descriptron of each Annex
73
Flow-chart showing differenl stages ln ihe process of accession
77
Convenlion
7
I. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION
ON VISUAL ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANCE
OF CUSTOMS OFFENCES
Prggmble
THE CONTRACTING PARTTES to the pres€nt Convention, estabtished under the auspices
of the
Customs Co-operation Councit,
considering that offences against cusroms raw are prejudiciar to tho aconomic, social and fiscal
lnteresls of States and to the legitimate interosts of trade,
Considering thal action against Customs oll€nces can be rendered mor€ etfeclNe by
co-operation between Cusloms administrations. and thal such co_op€aation is one of the
alms ol the Convention establishing a Customs Co-opera on Council,
Hav€ agrsed as follows :
CMPTER I
Og.U.tens
Anbb r
For the purposes of this Convention :
(a)
the term'Customs law' means all the statutory or rogulstory provisrons enlorc€d or
administered by the Customs administrations conceming the hpodation, exportation or
transit of goodsi
(b)
lhe term 'Cusloms offence' mgans any brpach, or attempted brcach, of Customs lawi
(c)
the term 'Cusloms fraud' mcans a Customs offence by which a person deceives the
Customs and lhus evades, wholly or pa y, the paymenl ol lmporl or export duties and
tares or the appllcation of prohibitpns or restrictons laid down by Customs law or obtains
any advantage contrary to Customs law;
(d)
lhe term 'smuggling' means Customs fraud consisting in the movement of goods across a
Customs frontier in any clandestine mannerl
(e)
the term "import or export duties and laxes" means customs duties and a[ other
duties,
taxes, ,ees or other charges which are collected on or in connection with the importation
or
exportation of goods but not including lees and charges which are limited in amount
to the
approximate cosl of services Endeaed:
(f)
the term 'p€rson" means bolh natural and logal persons, uoless the c{ntext
requiresi
otherwise
Convention
I
(9) the term "lhe Council' m6Ens the organizalion set up by the Convention ostablishing a
Customs Co-opeBtion Council, done at Brussels on ,t5 December lgSO:
(h) the term "Permanent rechnicar committoe" means the pormanent rechnicar committee of
the Council:
(ij) the lerm "ratification" means ratification, acceptanc€ or approval.
CHAPTER II
Scope of the Convention
Artlcle 2
1 . The Cont.acting Parties bound by ono or more Annexes to thts Convention Egree that their
customs administratrons shal atford oach other mutuar assistance wrth a view to prevenring,
invesligating and repressing customs offences, in accordance wilh the provisions
of this
Convention.
2
The Cusloms administration of a Contracting party may request mulual assistance as
provided for rn paragraph 1 ol thls Arlicle in rhe couce of;ny rnvestigation
or in connection with
sny judicial or administrative prcceedings being undertake; by that Contraciing party. tf
the
Customs administration is nol itself conducling the proceedings, lt may request muluat
assistance
only withih the timits of its competence in thsse proceedings. Similaay, iI p.oceedrngs are
undertaken in the counlry of lhe requested admtnistration, th; tafler provides the assistance
requested within the limits of its cornpetence in these proc€edings.
3
Mulual assistance as provided ror in paragraph 1 of this Articrs shal not ertend to requests
for the anest of persons or for the recovery of duties, taxes, charges, fines
or any olher monies
on behalf of another Contracting p8rty
Arllcle 3
lf a Contracling Party considers lhat the assistance sought woutd infringe upon its
sovereignty, security or olher substantial nationar rnterests or prejudrce the legitimate commerciar
interesls of any enterprise, pubtic or private, it msy decline to piovlde lhat a-ssistance or give il
subject to certain conditions or requiremonts
Adlclo 4
lf ihe Customs administration of a Contracting parly requests assistance which il itself
would be unable to give if requested to do so by the other Contracling party, it shall dra,,v
atlention to the fact in its requesl compliance wlth such a request shall be ;ithin the discretion of
the .equested Contracting PartyCHAPTER III
Conv6nlion
I
General assistance orocedures
Artlclo 5
1.
Any intelligenc€, documents or other inlormation communicated or obtained under thls
Convention:
(a) shall be used only for lhe purposes specmed in this Convenlion, including uss rn judicial or
adminlstrative proceedings, and subject to such restrictions as may be laid down by the
Customs admlnistration which fumished thom; snd
(b) shall be afforded in lhe receiving country the same prcteclion in respect of confidentiality and
ofticial secrecy as applies in that country lo th€ same kind ol intelhgenc€, documents and
other information obtained in its own teritory.
2. Such intelligence. documents or other informatlon may be used for other purposes only wilh
lhe written consenl ot the Customs administration which fumished ihem and subject to any
restriclions laid down by that administration gnd lo th€ provisions of paragraph 1 (b)of this Article.
Artlcle 5
1.
The communic€tions between Contracling Pariies provided for by this ConventDn shalt
pass direclly between Customs administrations. Th€ Cusloms administrations of the Contracting
Partiss shall deslgnate the servlces or officials responsible lor such communicalions and shall
advise the S€cretary Genoral of the Council of the nam€s and Eddresses of those servicos or
otficials. The Secretary General Ehall communicate this information to the other Contracting
Parties
2. The Customs administiation of the requested Contracling Party sha , subject to the taws
and regulations in force in its tenitory, take all nec€ssary measur€s lo comply wrth a request for
assistance.
3. The Customs sdministration of the requested Contractjng party shalt repty to a request for
assistance as soon as possible.
Arllclo 7
1
Requests tor assistanc€ under lhis Convention shall norma y be made in writing; they shall
contain lhe requisite information and be accompanted by such documents as may be d€emed
uselul.
2. Requests in writing shall be in a language acceptable lo the Contracling parties concemed
Any documents accompanying such requests shall be translatgd lnto a mutually acceptable
language, if necessary.
3
Conlracting Parties shall ln alt ca6es accept requests for asststance and accompanylng
documents in English or French accompanied by a translation into EngtEh or French
Convention
10
4. When. for reasons of uEency in particular, requests for assistance have nol been made in
wrlting, the rsquosted Contracting party may requlre written confirmation.
Artlcle E
Any expenses incuned under this Convention in respecl of experls or wilnesses
shall be
bome by the .equesting Contracling party. The Contracting parties shall waive a
claims iu,
reimbursement of any other costs incuned in the exoculion oflhis Convontion.
CHAPTER M
Miscellaneous orovisions
Article I
The Council and the Customs administrations of the Contracting parlies shall
arrange for the services .esponslble for the prevention, tnvestiga on, ani represston
of
Customs offences to maintain personal and direct relations wil; a vlew to furthoring
lhe
general aims of the Convention.
Artlcle l0
For the purposes of this Convention any Annex or Anneras to which a Contracting
Party is bound shall be construed to be an integ.al pad of the Convention, and in retation
to that Contracting Party any reference to the ConvEntion shall b9 dqemed lo inctude
a
r€ference to such Annex or Annexes.
Artlclo ll
The provrsions of this Convent|on shall not preclude the application of any more
exlensive mutual assistance which certain Contracling parties grant or may grant ln
fulure.
Convenllon
11
CHAPTER V
Arilclo 12
1.
The Council shall. ln accordance with-th€ provisions of this Convention,
be responsible lor
th€ adminisiraton and developmont of this Convention.
2.
To lhgse ends the permanent Technical Committ6e shall, under;e
aufhority of the Councit
and in accordance with any directions given by the Council, have the
foiOJ;i i-un"rion" ,
(a) to submit to the Council proposals tor such amendments to this Convention as it may
consldgr necessary;
\./
(b)
to fumish opinions on the lnterpretation of provisions of lhe Conventioni
(c)
to maintain relations with the
with the compEtent
criminat Potiie
and psychotropic
othe; c;[urat
ular'
onal
rugs
and
bodb;;f
organizaiion/t
lru"l"n"".
prope(y
(d)
to take 8ny aclion rikery to further the gene.r sims of the convention and
in particurar ro
study new methods and procodures to faci tEts the prevention, investigation
anj ropresslon
ol Customs otfences, to convene me€tjngs. 6tc.:
(e) to pe.form such tasks as the councir may direct in reration to rhe provisions of the
Convenlion.
Artlcle 13
lhe purposes of voting ln the Council and in the permanent Technicat
Commlflee 68ch
.AnnexFor
shall be taken to be a sgparate
Convention.
CHAPTER VI
Finalolovisions
Articl! l4
Any dispute between hiro or more. Conlrsciing parlies
@nceming lhe
interpretstion or
application of this Conventpn sha be set ed by n8goiiation
beh,v""n it
-
".l
Alticle 15
Convention
'1.
Any state Member of the councir and any state Member of the r,Jnited Nations
or its
specialized agencies may become a Contracting p;rty to this Conv€ntion'
:
(a) by signing it withoul roservation ot ratification:
(b) by depositing an instrument of ratfication atter srgning it subject to ratifrcalion; or
(c) by acceding to tt.
2
TiE Convention shall be open untit 30lh June igTg ror signature at the Headquarte6
of the
Council in Brussets by th€ States refened to in paragraph r oitt i" erfLf".
it"Lafter, it Eha[ be
opon for th€i. accession.
3. Each Sta
scc€ding to th
accept at least
accepts one or
I of thts Articte shallat the time of signing, ratitying or
Annex or_ Annexes tt ac.€pfs, it being necossary to
uenfly notity the Secretary Cineratoitne Counci hat it
4. The instrumenrs of ratiricalion or accession shafl be deposited with th. secretary cen€rar of
lhs Council.
unions may, rogerhor wirh aI rheir Member Stares or ar any time
atrer
l;^,nerr 9.l1lt
Member :^::lomic
States have become Contracting parties to this Convention, also become
Conlecting Parties to this Convention in accordanc€ with the provisioni of
of this Article. However, such unions shalt not have the right to vote.
i"o!."pn" r, Z
S
"nO
A,tlcle l6
'l
rhis convention shal enter into force three monlhs afler five of the states refened in
lo
paragraph '1 of Article 15 thereof have signed lhe Convention
without res€rvatrcn of ratification or
have deposited their instruments of ratificalion or accession.
2.. for any Contracting paJty signing withoul reservation of raufication, ratifying or acceding to
this convention after five stales have signod it w[hout reservarion of ratification or hive
deposited their instruments of ratification or accession, this convention shafl
enler into force three
months after rhe 6aid contracting party has signed without rese*ation of rstification
or deposited
ils instrumenl of ratificalion or acc€ssion.
3
Any Annex to this convention shal enter into force three months afler two states
have
accepted that Annex. For any Contracting parly whrch subsequenfly accepts
an Annex afler two
states have accepted it, that Annex shalr enter into force three monihs arGr the said
contracting
Pafty has notif'd its acceptance. No Annex shal however enter rnto force for
a contracting pad!
before the Convention has ente.od into force for that Contracting party.
Attlcle 17
As amended by the Protocol lr'hrch entered inlo lorce on 27 Julv 19Bg
Convenlion
13
1. Any State may, at the time of srgning rhis convention without reseNation of ratificalion or of
de
nts of ratificetion or accession, or any time thereafter, declare by
no
Secretary Geneial of the Councit that this Convenlion shafl extend to
ail
or
for whos€ lniemational r€lations it is rEsponsible. Such notific€lion shall
take €tfect three monrhs after the date of receipt ther6of by the s;cr€tary Gensrar
of the councir.
However, ihe Convention shalt not apply to the torritorie; nam€d in th; notfication
Uefore fne
Convention has entered into forc€ tor the State concemed.
2. Any
secretary
in
r paragraph .l of this Article extending this
Conventio
territory
.f5l,il,"",: l'rfifr:::?:,*1ilill'J,ll:
enlion.
Alilcls l6'
Each Contracting Party shall be deemed to havo acceded to, or accepted alt the provisions
ln, the Convention or lho Annexes thereto unless, at the timo of acceding to the
Conven on or
separdtely accepting en Annox or 6t any time thergsttsr, it has notified th; Secrelary Generat
of
the Council of any reseNations in respect of provisions to whlch it cannot subscribe. tt shall
undertake to examine periodicarry the provisions rn rospect of which it has enrered rgse*alions
and notify the secretary General ol the council in the event of the withdrawal of lhs reservations.
Artlcle 19
1. This Convention is of unlimited duration but any Contracting party may donounce it al any
time atter lhe date of its enlry into force under Article 16 lhereol.
2
The denunciation shall be notified by an instrument in witing, deposited with the Secretary
Ggneral of the Council.
3.
The denunciation shall tske eflecl slx months after the receipt of lhe lnslrument ol
denunclation by the Secretary Generat of the Council.
4. The provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Anicb shsll also appty in respect of the
Annex€s to this Convention. any Contrac{ing party being entifled at any tim€ sfter the date of
lheir Entry into forc€ under Article 16 of the Convention, lo withdraw iti acceptance of one or
more Annexes. Any Conlracting Party which withdraws lts scc4plance of alt the Annexes shall
be
deemed to have denounced the Convention.
5. Any ContEcting Party which denounc€s the Convention or withdraws its 8ccoptance o, one
o. more Annexes shall remain bound by the provisions of Article 5 of this Convention for
;gqg
3s
as it retains in ils possossion any intelligence, documents or other lnformation obtalned
under th;
Convention.
Article 20
' Asrmonde4
-aocording
7 Oclobor 1995
to lh6 simptifiod p.oc€dure provided for in Articlo 20 Enlered into forcg
on
Convention
14
1.
2.
The Councilmay recommend amendmonts lo this Conventjon.
The text of any amendment so recommendod shall be communicated
by the Secretary
General of the Counc, to a, Contracting parries to fhis
Conventio", io-if,Joir,",
Stales
and to those Stares Members of the cotncit rhar are not Contiaaini
"ig"atory
F"iiIJroint, conr"nrion.
3.
Any proposed amendmen
come intoiorce with rospecr
two yeaE following the date
amendment duang which period
no objection lo the proposed
)een communicated to the Secretary ceneral of
the Council by a State which is a Contracting party.
ro
of
ltft':ijlirT:l;d"Jiffi:l"T:i
a
4.
lf an obJection to the proposed amendment has been communlcated
to the Secretary
Generat of the Councit by a State which is a Contracring p",ty
o, the period ot
hrvo years specified in paragraph 3 ot this Adicte.
fr,u
sf,aii L" T""r"o oot to have
been accepted and shall have no effeqt whatsoever.
"]menam.ni
b";;i;;;;ry
Arflclo 2l
'I
Any conrracting parry ratifying or acceding to this convention
shal be deemed to have
accepted any amendments thereto which have 6ntered
fnfo foice ai if," O"r"
deposit of its
instrument of ratillcation or accession.
"f
2.
Any Conl.acting parly which accepts an Annex shall be
deemod lo have accepted any
amendmenis lo that Annex which have entered into fo.ce
at ffre aaie o-n wlhcn it notifies its
acc€ptance to the Secretary ceneral of the Council.
Arlicle 22
The
Co
other
the
lo this
Councilshall notify the Contracting p8rties to lhls Convention,
rares rllemuers otine c"r""iiii"i",J
parties
-'
ry cenerat of the United Nari;;; oi , "iiiintrac{ing
-
-'
(a) signaturcs, ratifica ons, accessions and notitications under A.ticte i5 of this
Convention;
(b) the dale of entry into forc€ of lhis Convention and of each of lhe Annexes
wilh Articte 't6;
rn accordance
(c)
notilicatlon received in accordance wilh Article 17:
(d)
denunciation under Adicle 19;
(e)
any amendmenl d€emed to have been accepted in accordance
with A(icle 20 and the date
of its enlry inlo force.
Articlo 23
Convenlion
Upon its entry into force this CoJ,v9!!on shalt be
Unired Nations, in accordance with Aflicte roz
registered with lhe Secretariat o, the
or rn" cr,".rii"oii;;U"il#
ln witness ryhereof the undersiaJned, being duly authorized
Convention.
iffi;"
th6relo, have signed this
e Engtish
shall be
to a the
Annex I
17
ANNEX I
Asslsiance by a Customs admlnlriraflon on lts own lnttiaflv€
1. The Customs adminislralion of a Contracling party shall, on s own initiatrve, communicale
to the Customs administration of lhe Contmcling iarty mn"emiO. iny intormation
ot a
substiantial nature which has
como to light in the
of it" no_"i""firiiL, and which gives
good reason to believe that a sedous Customs otfence
"orrse wilt ue committeO in ine
territory ot tfre
other Conkacling Pady. Tho intormation to be communicated
in particutar, the
movements ol persons, goods and means of transport.
"h;ii
;;;.;,
a Clntractrng Party shall,
the Customs adminislralion
c€ or cerrilied copies
rhoreof
3. The Customs administ.alion of a Contracting party shall. on lts own inifialive,
ate,
ill
communic€te
to lhe Customs administration of another Contraaini pady thaf is jii"af
con".."0,
information likely to be of mate.ial assistance to it in-"onn.iion *iit
"ny
Cusl'o'ms ofrences and.
particularly, in connection wilh new means or m€thods
of committing sr"n off"nces.
^nn"1u
ANNEX
I
Assiatance, on rgquost, ln the asso3amgnt ol lmport or oxporl du,os
l.
roque
administration of
At the
party which has good reason
lo believe that a
which may herp
ro
and laxos
n its muntry, the Customs
r or rmpoa or exporfiil,"'l
inrormation
"::"i:",'J:
2. A Contracting party sha be taken to have futfi ed its obligations in this respect if, for
example, it communicates as appropriate in response to a requesi the lollowhg
information or
documents avallable to tt :
(a) in respect of the varuo of goods ror customs purposes : the commerciar invoices presented
to
oe
cu
im
exportation or in tho country oI importation;
such invoices,
tatlon showing
exportation or
s' price lists' etc published in the country of
.
(b) in respect of lhe taritf classific€tion-ol goods : anatyses canied out by laboratory services to
determine the taritf crassification of rhe goods; the tariff description decrareo
on importation
or exporlationi
(c) in respect ot the origin of goods : the decraration of origin made on exporrarion, when such
declaration is required; the Customs status ol lhe goods in the country of
exportation
(customs t.ansii cusloms waEhouse. temporary adhission, free
zone, free ci;curation,
expor(ed under drawback, etc.).
^"*!l
A!{NEX
Asslltanc., on rcquort, r.la ng to controls
At lho request of the Customs administration of a Contracting party,
the Customs
administratDn of another contmcting party shaI communicate
to lhar iusli#s administraflon
rntormalion conceming the following matters
(a) the aurhenticity of officiar documenls producad in support or I Goods decrararion
to the Customs authorities of the requesling ContEcting party; -
---- --'
made
(b) whether goods imported into the tenitory of ihe requesting Contracting party have
been
lawfully exported from the territory of thqoth"l' Cont""cfindp"rty; --"" -
(c) whether goods exported from the tenitory of the requesting Contracting party
' ' have boen
laMufly imported into the lerritory of the request"a Coni
aciing p;rti. "
Annex lV
23
AI{NEX tV
Asal8tanco, on request, r€latlng to aurvelllanco
At the request of the Customs administralion of a Contracting Pady, the Customs
administration of another Contracting Party shall, to lhe extent ot ils competence 6nd ability.
maintain special survsillance for a spocified pedod ovgr:
(a) the movoments, particularly the entry into and exit from its tonitory, of particular persons
reasonably bolieved to be professionally or habitually eng8ged in Customs otf€nces in the
tenilory of the .equ€sting Conlracling Party;
(b) movements ol particular goods which are rgportod by the Customs administration of the
requesting Contracting Party 8s giving riss to lmportant illiclt tratfic lowards or from the
tenitory of that Contractlng Party;
(c) particular places where slocks of goods have been built up, giving reason to assume that
they are to be used for illicit importation into lh6 tonitory of the requesting Conkacting Pariy;
(d) particular vehicles, ships, 6irc6ft or othe. mgans of transport reasonably b€lioved to be
used to commit Customs offences in the tenitory of the requesting Conkacting Party,
and shall communicate a repori thereon to the Customs adminislration of the requesting
Contracting Psrly.
Annex V
ANNEX V
Enqulrlos .nd notMcaflons, on r6qugat, on behalf of anolher Contracflng party
1. At the request oI the Customs administration of a Contracting party, the Cusloms
administralion of another contraclrng party shaI, subjecl to the raws and ;gurations
in force in rts
lemtory, make enquiries ro obrarn ovidenc€ concerning a customs offence-under rnvestigation
in
the lenitory ot the requesting Contracting pady, and 6ke statements frorn any peFons
sought in
connection with that offenc€ or from witn.sses or experts, and communlcate the
results of the
enquiry, as w€ll as any documents or other evidence, to the Customs admlnistration
of the
requesting Contracting Party.
2
At the written requesl of the Customs adminEtrdtion of a Contracting party, the
Customs
administration of another Conlracting party shal, subject to
its
teritory, notify the persons concerned residing tn its
he
competent authorities of any action or decisions taken
rV
conceming any mafler falling within the scope of this Conveniio
the
tenito
by
-
Annex Vl
27
ANNEX Vl
Appoarance by Curiomt officiala bolorg a courl or tdbunal abroad
Where it is not sufficient for €vldence to be given solely in the form of a written statemenl,
at the request ol lhe Customs administration of a Contraciing Party the Customs administration of
anoth€r Conlracting Party, to tho extent of its ability shall authonze its otficials to appear before a
court or tribunal in the teritory of the requesting Contrscting Party as witnesses or experts in the
matter of I Customs otfenc€. The request for appearance shall specify, in p8rticular, ln what case
and ln what c€pacity the otficial is to be heard The Customs adminlstration of the Contractrng
Pady accepting th€ request shall, in authorizing appearanco, stale any limits with which lts
otficials should comply in giving evidence.
Annex Vll
29
ANNEX VII
Presonce ot Customs ollici.16 of one Contr.c ng parV
ln the terrftory ol enother Contracflng party
1.
At the written request of the Customs adminlstration of a Contracting party investigating a
specific customs offence, the customs adminrstralion of another contrasr]ng party strarl wtrire
deemed 6ppropriate, authorize officials specialty designated by the requesti;g Co;tractrng party
to consull, in its ofrces, the relevant books, registers and other documents oriata media hold in
those otfices, take copies thereof, or extract any information or particutars retating to the otfence.
2. ln the application of the provisions of paragraph ,l above all possible assistanco and
co{pe.ation sharr be afforded to the officiars of the requesting contracling party to faclitate therr
investigations
3. At the wfitten requesl of the Customs adrninistration ol a Contracling pariy, the Customs
administration ol another Conlracting party sha , whe.e deemed appropria-te, authorizo
offrcEls
of the requesting administration to be present in th€ tenitory of the reiuested conrracling party in
connection with enqulries into or the oFficlal reporting of a Cusloms otfence of concern
to the
requosting Contracting Party.
Annex Vlll
31
A!{NEX V
Partlclpatlon ln lnvottg.gons !bro.d
Where deemed appropriate by both Contrac{ing Pa(ies, tho officials of the Customs
sdministration of a Contracting Parly shall, et the rsquest of another Contracling Party, pa(icipate
in investigations carded out in the tenitory of thal other Contacting Pany.
Annex lX
33
ANNEX IX
Pooling of lntormrtlon
I
The Customs administrations of Contracting Parties shall communicate to the Secretary
General of the Council the information specified hereatter insofar as it is of international
interest.
2. The Secretary General of the Council shall institute and keep up-to{ate a c€ntral index
of information communic€ted to him by Contracthg Parlies and shall use information from il
to prepare summaries and studies of new and recuring lr€nds in Cusloms fraud. He shall
periodically review the index to eliminate informaton which, in his opinion, has oulliv€d its
utility or become out-of-date.
3. The Customs administrations of the Contracting Parties shall, upon request by lhe
Secretary General of the Council and subject to the other provisions of the Convention and
this Annex, provide the Secretary Geneial wilh such complementary information as may be
nec€ssary to propare lhe summaries and studies ref€ned to in paraOraph 2 ot this Annex.
4. The Secrelary General of the Council sh6ll circulate to the seruices or ofricials named
by the Customs administrations of the Contracting Parties specific information cantained in
the central index, to the extent that he deems such circulation useful, and any summaries
and studies refened to in paragraph 2 of this Annex
5
The Secretary General of the Council shall, upon rcquest, supply Contracling Parties
with any other information available to him under lhis Annex.
6. The Sec.etary General of the Council shall honour any restrictions that a Contracting
Party having provided information may have placed on its circulation
7. A Contracting Party having communicated information shall be entitled to require thEt it
be subsequontly deleted from the central indgx and from any r€gisters established by
Contiactrng Parties to which it has been communicated and that no furth€r use be made of it.
Part I : Porsons
Section I : Smuggling
I
Nolifications under this Section shall provide information conceming :
(a)
persons finally convlctod of smuggling; and
(b)
whore appropriate, persons suspected ol smuggling or apprehended in the act of smuggling
rn the tenitory of the Contracting Parly making the notification, even though legal
proceedings have not been completed,
Annex lX
34
it being understood that when Contracling P8rties refrain from notifying the names and
descriptions of the persons involved because such notific€tion is prohibited by lheir natlonal l6w,
th€y shall neve(helgss make a notification containlng as many as possible of the items listsd in
this Section.
ln principle, the into.mation notified shall bo limited to oflences which have resulled in or
could load to imprisonment or a fine exc€eding the equivalent of US$2,000.
9. The information to be fumish€d shall, so f6r as possible include the following
I
(A) Natural p6rsons
v
v.
(a) Sumame
(b) Foronames
(c) Msiden nam€ (it appliGble)
(d) Nlcknams or alias
(e) Occupation
(f) Address (present)
(g) Oate and place of birth
(h) Cltizenship/Nationality
(ij) Country of resk ence 6nd countdes visitod during the past 12 months
(k) Typ€ 8nd number of identity p6p6rs. inc.luding country 8nd dats of issue
(l) Physicaldescnption
('l) Sex
(2) Height
(3) weight
(4) Build
(5) Hair
(6) Eyes
(7) Complexion
(8) Distjnclive marks or peculiarities
(m) Briet pariiculars of offence (including particulaE of type, quantity and origin of goods.
lnvolved in the offsnce, manufaclurer, shipp€r 6nd consignor) and circumstances which led
to lts detection
(n) Nature snd amount of p€natiy and/or sontsnce lmposed
Annex lX
(o) Other.observations, including languages spokgn and (if avaltable) any prevtous @nvictions
record€d
(p) Conlrac{ing Party fumishing the information (including reference number).
(B) Leoat oorsons (firms)
(a) Name
(b) Address
(c) Names of principal officers 6r smp;gra.. of the firm against whom legat acfion has
taken and, if appropriate, idontitying data ss indicated un'deriart
tel, itJr" trt, frl
been
(d) Relatedmuttinationalcornpany
(e) Nature of business canied on
(f) Nature of offence
(9) Particula.s oI offence (including manutacturor, shipper snd cgnsignor) and circumsl,ances
which led to its detoction
(h) Amount of pena[y
(ij) Other observalions. including (if available) any previous convic,tions recorded
(k) Cont.acting Party furnishing the information (including r€ferenco number).
S9n"rg' rute, the Socretary cenerat of the Counc sha circutate information
]9l.,Ar_"
rerarng ro narurar persoos
least
at
to the countdes of citizenshlphationaliiy and r€sidence
and to the counlries visited by the p€6on during lhe past .12 mont;s
Section ll : Cusloms fraud other lhan smuggling
1. Notmcations underthis Soction shall provide information conceming :
(a) persons linally convicted of Customs fraud other than smuggling;
(b) where appropriate, persons suspected of such fraud, ev6n though legal proceedings
'I
have not b6en completed,
It being understood that when Contracting parties.etrain lrom notifying lhe names
and
descriptions of the persons involved because s uch notification ts prohibite;
by thetr nationat
law, they shafl nevertheless make a nolification containtng as many as possldb
of the [ems
listed in this Section.
ln principre, the information notiried shal be rimited to otfenc€s which have resurted
in
or could lead to impnsonment or a ftne exceeding the equivatent of US$2,000
12. The information to be fumished shalt, so far as possible, include the folowing :
Annex lX
36
(a)
Name (or lirm name)and address
(b)
Names and idenlifying data of principat oflicers of the firm egainsl which tegat action
has been taken
(c) Kind of goods
(d) Country of origin
(e) Related multinatpnal company
(f) Name and address of sEller
(g) Namg and address of shipper
(h) Names and addrosses of other parties lnvolved (buying or solling agent, other
middlemen, etc.)
(ij) Pod(s) or place(s) at which goods were exported
(k) Brief pariiculars of offence and circumstances which led to its defection
(l) Amount of penally and loss ol revenue, if any
(m) Othgr observations, including (if avaihbb) any previous conviclions recorded
(n) Contracting Party fumishlng the informaiion (including referenc€ number).
Part ll : ilothods of rmuggllng and other trsud,
lncluding traud by torgory, labmc!$on and countertelting
13. Notific€tions under this Pa( shall provide information relating to molhods ol smuggling Bnd
other fraud, hcluding methods of conceatment, fraud by torgery, falsiltcation or counterleiling, in
all cases of significant intemational inlerest. Contracting Psrties shall report each use of I known
method of smuggling and olher fraud as well as nsw, unusual or posslble method so lhat current
trends in this field can be detecled.
14. The information to be fumished shal so tar ss possible, include the followlng ;
(a) Description of methods of smuggling and other fraud, inctuding fraud by forgery, falsilication
or counterfeiting. lf available, the descriplion {make, modet, registration number etc. )of any
means of transpod used Where applicable, data lrom the approval plate or certificate of
containels or vehicles, lhe designs of which were approved under an internalional
Convenlion, and informalion about any violation of seals, bolls, sealing devices or other
pais ol conlainers or vehicles
(b)
(c)
Description, if applicable, of the place of conc€atment, inctuding, where possible, a
photograph or sketch
Oescription of goods concemed
Annex lX
37
(d) Nature and description of forgery, falsific€tion or counterfeiting; use to which the forged,
falsified or counlerfeited documents, Customs seals, rogistration plates, etc., were put
(e) Other observalions, including the circumstancss which led to detection
(f) Contracling Party Iumishing lhe information (including reference number).
Part lll : Vessels involved in smuggllng
15. Notifications under this Part shall provide information rclating to vessels, of all types,
lhat have boen inyolved in smuggling, but should be limited, in principle, to cases which are
considered to be of inlemational lnleresl.
16. lnsofar 6s lt is available snd can be communicated undar national law, lhe information
to be lurnished shall include the following :
(a) Name 8nd brief identlflcaton of vessel (S.S., M.V., tonnage, sllhouette, etc. )
(b) Name and address of owner/chartered
(c) Flag
(d) Pod of registry and, if ditferent, home port
(e) Name and citizonship/n8tlon6tity of mast€r (and, if apptic€bte, principat officers)
(f) Nature of the offence, including description of goods seizod
(g) D€scription, if applicable, of the ptace of concsalmenl (including, wh€re possibte, a
photograph or sketch) and of the circumstances which led to the discovery
(h) Country ol odgin of goods s€ized
(ij) First pod ol lading
(k) Final port of destination
(l) Porls of call between (ij)and (k)
(m) Other obseNations (number of cases in which the same vessel, shipping company, charter
or other vessel operalor had bgen involved in smuggling, etc. )
(n) Contracling Party fumishing the intormation (including relerenc€ number).
Annox X
ANNEX X
Asslatanco ln acdon againlt thg lmuggllng ol narco$c drugs
!nd psychotroplc rubgtances
1, The provlsions of ihis Annex shall not preclude lhe applica on of measures in force at the
national level in the matter of co-ordinetion of the activiti€s of the various authorities competent
to
take action against the abuse of na.cotic drugs snd psychotropic substances. They shafl
arso not
imp€de, but complement, the implementation of the provisions of the Single Convention on
Narcolic Drugs 1961, and of the 1971 Conven on on psychotropic Substaices by parties to
lhese Conventions which have also accepted lhis Annex.
2. Th6 provisions ol thls Anner conceming the smuggling of narcotic drugs and psychotropic
substances shalr wherever approp.iate and to the €xrent of the competerice of the customs
administrations, apply also lo the financiat operations undertaken in connection with such
smuggling.
Exchange of information by Customs admintstrations on their own initiative
3. Ths Customs administrations of Contracting Parties shall, on their own initiative and withoul
delay, communicate to other Customs administrations which may be direcfly concemed, any
available information conceming :
(a) op€rations which are known or suspecled lo constitute, or which soem likely lo give .ise to,
smuggling of narcotic drugs or psychokopic substancesi
(b) persons known to be engaged in or, insofar as intormation concemlng such persons c€n be
communic€ted under nationallaw, persons suspocted of engaging In operations rsfgrod to
in paragraph (a) abov€, and vehicles, shlps, aircraft and other m;ans of t.ansporl us6d, or
suspocted of b6ing used, lor such operations;
(c) new moans or methods usod for smuggling narcolic drugs or psychotropic substances;
(d) prcducts which are newly devetoped or newly used as narcotic drugs or psychotropic
substances and which arB the subjecl of s nuggling.
Assistanc€, on request, relating to surveillance
4. Al the request of the Customs administration ol a Contracting party, the Customs
administration of another contracting party sha[, to the exrent of its comperence and abrlily,
maintain special surveillance for a specified peri )d over :
(a) the movements, particularly the entry into and €xit from lts lenitory, of particular peGons
reasonably believed to b€ profossionalty or habitually gngaggd ln the smuggting
o, n6rcotic
drugs and psychotropic subslances in the teritory of the requ€sting Contracting party;
(b) movements of narcotrc drugs or psycholropic substances which are reported by the
customs administration ot the requesting contrac{ing party as g'ving rise to importanr ilicir
lratiic towards or fiorn the te.ritory of that Contracting party,
Ann6x X
40
(c) particular ptaces wh€re stocks oJ narcotic drugs and psychotropic
buitr up, sivlns reason ro assume thar rhey;;;
(d) particular vehiclos, ships, akcraj-or other means of transporl
us€d lor smuggling narcotic drugs or psychotropic
requesting Contracling pany,
31ffi:ill#ffi*'*te
substances have been
i" u;;;];i,;l,:i:mporrarion into lhe
reasonabty b€lieved to be
"uO"iln"""--in-f-o
tn" tsnito.y of the
a report theroon to the customs adminisrration of
Enquiries, on request, on behalf ot another
rhe .€questins
Contracting party
Aclion by Customs officials of one Contracting party
in tho tenilory of another Contracting party
and s
6dmin
in
inv
nd
'l:
Poollng of information
9. The Customs administrations of Cont.acting parlies shall communicate
to the Secretary
cenerat.of the Councit, to the exlent that suctr intirmarion
is oi i"f,_iiio""ii"=r"l,"",, inrormalion
specifled horeafter.
Annex X
41
10. The Secretary General of ihe Council shall inslitute and keep up-to-date a central Index of
information communic€lsd to him by Contraciing Padies and shall us€ information frcm it to
prepare summades and studies of new and .ecumng trends in the smuggling ol narcotic drugs or
psychotropic substances He shall periodically review lhe index to eliminate information which, in
his opinion, has outlived its utility or becorne out-of{ate.
'11. The Customs adminislrations of the Contracling Parii€s shell, upon request by the
Socr€tary Gen€ral of the Council and subjecl to the other provislons of the Convention and lhis
Annex. provide the S6cr6tary Gensralwith such complemgntary info.mation as may bo necessary
to prspare the summariss and studies refened to in paragraph '10 of this Annex.
'12. The Sscretary General of tho Council shall circulate to th€ services or otlicials namgd by the
Customs administrations ol lhe Contracting Parties specific information contained in th€ cenlral
index, to the exteni that h€ deems such circulation useful, and any summa.ies and studres
refensd to ln paragraph 10 of this Annex.
13. Thg Secretary General of the Council shall, unless advised to the contrary by the
Contracting Party fumishing the information, also circulate to the sgrvic€s or officials named by
the other Members of the Council, to th€ comp€tent bodies ot the United Nations and to the
lntemational Criminal Police OEanization/lnterpol and to other intemational organizalions with
r hich arrangements have b6en made in this resp6ct, any information conceming the smuggling
of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances contained in the c€ntral index, to the extent lhat
he de€ms such circulation useful, and any summanes or studies that he may have pr€pared on
this subj€ct under pa.agraph '!0 of this Annex.
'14. Tho Secretary General of the Council shall, upon request, supply a Contracting Party
having accopted thrs Ann€x with 8ny other information available to him in connection with the
pooling of information prcvided by ihis Annex.
Csntral indox, Part I : Po6ons
't5. Notifications under this Part of the c€ntral ind€x shall provide Information conceming
:
(a) persons finally conyic{ed of smuggling: and
(b) where appropriate, persons suspecled of smuggling or apprehended in lhe acl ol smuggling
ln the teritory of the Contracting Party making the notification, even though legsl
proceedings have not b€en @mpleted,
it being understood that when Confacting Parlies reflain from notifying the names and
descriptions of the peEons involved because such notilicatron is prohibited by their national
legislation, they shsll novertholoss make a notific€lion containrng 8s many as possible of the
it€ms listod in this Part of the central index.
'16. The information to be I'Jmished shall, so far as possible, include the following
(a) Sumame
(b)
For€names
(c)
Maiden name (if applic€ble)
(d) Nickname or alias
(e) Occupation
:
AnnEx X
42
(f) Address (present)
(g) Date and plac€ of birth
(h) Cltizenship/Nationatity
(ij) Country of residence and countries visiled during the past ,12 months
(k) Type and number ol ldentity papers, inctuding country and date of issue
(l) Physicaldescription
(1) Sex
(2) Height
(3) Weight
(4) Bu d
(5) Hair
(6) Eyes
(7) Comptexion
(8) Distinctive ma*s or peculiarities
(m) Bd€f particulars of offonce (including
,particulors of type, quantity and
-circu o.igin of goods
involved in the offence, manufacturer, shlpper
and consignor)'and ttie
msta nces which
l€d to the detectron of the otfence
(n) Nature and amount of penalty and/or sentsnce imposed
(o) Other observations, including languages spoken and (if available) any previous
rocorded
conviclions
(p) Contraqtlng Party fumtshlng the information (tnctuding referonce number).
'17..
6 gqneral rule, the Secretary General of the Councit shall ci.culgt€
inrormation releting to
.As
Part I of the central index at lgast to the countries ot citizenshlplnationaliiy
'' anO- rssdence and to
the countd€s visited by the person concemea ouring rhe pasi
mo;thJ.
-
ti
Cenlral index, Part ll : Methods
this psrt of the centrat lndex shalt provido information relating to
narcotrc drugs and psychotropic subslances, tncludtng method;
ot
ol signlficant inlemational interest. Contracllng parlies shall report gach
I smuggling as well 6s new, unusual or possible methods
d€t€ctod.
so that cunenl
19. Tho informaiion to be fumished shalt, so far as possible, include the fo owing :
(a)
n
:
or other parts of containgE or
vehicles
out any violalion of 6981s' bolts' sealing devices
^nn"rO:
(b) Description, lf applic€ble, of the ptac€ ot concealmenl, lncluding, whoro possible, a
pholograph or sketch
(c) Description of goods @ncemed
(d) Oiher observalions, including the circumstances which ted lo dstection
(e) Contracting Parly fumishing the information (including reference number).
Central index, Part lll : Vessels involved in smuggling
20. Notifications under this Part ol the central index shall provide lnformation relating to vessels,
of all types, that have been invotved in th€ smuggling of narcotic drugs or psychotropic
substances, but should be limned, in principle, to cases which are considered to be of
intemational inlerest.
21. lnsofar as ll is avaihbb and can be communtcated under national law, the information to be
v
fumished shalllnclude the following :
(a) Name and brief ldentification o, vesssl (S.S., M.V., tonnage, sithouette, etc.)
(b) Name and addrgss ot owner/charterer
(c) Flag
(d) Port ot r€gistry and, if diftoronl, home port
(e) Name and citizenship/nationality of master (and, if applicable, principal officsrs)
(f) Nature of the otfence, including d€scription of goods seiz€d
(g) Descdption, if applicable. of lhe place of concsalm€nt (inctuding, whor€ possible, a
photog.sph or sketch) and a description of the ci.cumstanc€s which led to the discovery
(h) Country of origin of goods seizod
v
(iJ) First pori of lsding
(k) Final port of destinaiion
(l) Pods of call bstween (ij)and (k)
(m) Other observations (numb€r of cases in which the same vessel, shipping line, charterer or
other vessel operator has been lnvolved in smuggling, etc.)
(n) Contracting P8rty fumishing the intormation (inctuding referenc€ number).
Annex Xl
45
ANNEX XI
Asststance ln ac0on Egalnsi tho .muggllng of wort8 of art,
antiquos and othg, cuttural property
1. The provisions o[ thls Annex apply to works of art, antiques and other "cultural property,
..
which. on religious or secutar grounds, is held to be of importanc€ for archaeology, piehistory,
history, literature, arl or science, within the meaning of
iaragraphs (aF(kt of Adicle I of the
UNESCO Convention on lho means of prohibiting and preven-ting ttre rttrcii impon,
export and
transfer of ownership
ovember 1970j, insofar as such works ol art,
antiques and other
ot smuggling. They do not prectude the
application of
r,a h nation;i servlces ior the protection
of the
cultural heritage and. ln the Customs lleld. they supplement lhe implementation
of the provlspns
of the UNESCO Convention by Cont.acting panies lo that Conveniion whlch have
atso accepted
this Annox.
o
c
national
2. Tho provlsions of this Annex conceming the smuggling ot wo*s of arl, antiquos and other
cultural prorerty sharr, whorever 6ppropriate ano to ttre ixent ol the competence
of the customs
aomrnisrrations, appry arso to the financiar operarDns undertakon in connection
with such
smuggling.
Exchange of information by Customs administrations on their own initistive
3.
The customs administrations o[ contracting parties shal, on their own initiative
and wilhout
delay, commuhicate to other Customs adminrsirations which may be direcfly conc€med,
any
available information conceming :
(a) operatlons which are known or suspecled to consttute, or whtch seem likely to give rise to,
smuggling of works ol art, antiques or other culturat property;
(b) persons known to be engaged in or, insofar as informalion concsming such persons can be
communicated under nalpnal law, persons suspected of eng6ging in-operations rel€ned
to
in paragraph (a) above, and vehicles, ships, aircraft and othiimians of transport
used, or
suspected of being used, tor such opeiations;
(c) new means or methods used for smuggling works of art, antiques or other cultural property.
Assistance, on request, retating to surveillanc€
4. At the request of the Customs administration of a Conkacting parly, the Customs
administration of another Contracting party shall, to the extent of its c;mpgtence and ability,
malntaln speclal suNeillance lor a specified perild over :
(a) the movements, particutarly the entry into and exit from its tenitory, of particutar persons
reasonably bolioved to be protessionally or habitually engaggd in the smuggting ot works
of
ad, antiques or other cu[ural property rn .the tenitory of the requestrng Contracting party;
(b) movements of works of Ert, antiques or other cultural property which are reported by the
cusloms administration ol the requesring lontracting party Bs giving rise to important ilicir
traffic from the territory ol that Contracthg psrty;
Anner Xl
46
(c) parlicular vehicles, ships, ai.craft or other moan6 of tEnsporl roasonably beliov€d to be
used for srnuggling works of art, antiques or olher cultural property froh the tonitory ol the
requesting Contracting Party,
and shall communic€te a roport thereon to the Customs administration of the requesting
Contracting Party.
Enquiries, on request, on behalf of another Contracling Party
5.
At th€ r€quest ot the Customs administration oI a Contracting party, the Customs
administration of anothor Contraclihg Party shall. to the 6xt6nt of its abil{y and subject to the taws
and regulations in torce in its tsnitory, make onquiries to oblain €videnc€ concaming any
smugglhg of works of art. antiqugs or other cultural prcperty under lnyestigation in the tenitory of
the roquesting Contracting Party, and take stat€ments from any persons sought in conneclion
with thot smuggling or lrom witnesses or exports, ond communicate the rosults of the enquiry, as
well as any documenls or other evidenc€, to the Cusloms administration of the requesting
Contracting Party.
Aclion by Customs officisls of a Contracting Psrty in the tonitory of snother Contracling party
6. Wher€ lt is not sufficlent for evidenc€ to b€ Oivsn solely in ths torm of a witten stslemqnt,
at lhe request of the Customs administration ot a Contracling Party the Customs admlnlstration of
another Contracting Party, to the enent of its abilily, shall suthoriz€ its otticials to appear bofore a
court or tribunal in tho tenitory of the requesting ContrEc{ing Party as wrtnesses or experts in the
mattsr of smuggling of works of art. antiques or olher cultural property. The rgquost for
appearanco shall specify, in particular, in what case and in wlrat c€pac y the officiat ts to be
heard. The Cusloms Edministration of the Contracting Party accapting the rsquest 6hall, in
authorizlng appearance, slale any limlts with which lts officiats should comply in giving evidence.
7. At the written rcquest of the Customs admlnistction of I Contracling party. the Customs
administration o[ another Contracling Psrty shall, where deemed appropriate and to the extent ol
its comp€lence and ability, authorize oflicials ot tho roquesting admlnistration to be preseni ln lhe
teritory of the requested Contracling Pa(y ln connec{ion with gnquiries into or the oflicial
reporting of smuggling of works of art, antiques or other cultural pDperty of concem to the
requesting Contr8cting Parly.
8. Where deemed appropriate by both Contracling Parties and subjoc{ to lhe taws and
regulations in force in their tenitories, the ofllciats of the Customs administration ol a Contrac{ang
Party shall, al th€ request of snother Contracting Party, particjpate ln lnvesugaiions caried oul in
the toritory of that other Contracting Party.
Pooling of lnformation
9. The Cusloms administratDns of Contracting Parli€s shall @mmunicate to the Secretary
General of lhe Council, to the extent lhat such inlormation is of intemational interest, the
information specitied hereafler.
10. The S€cretary Goneral of the Councit sh6ll tnstitute and keop up-to{ate a centrat lndex of
information communicated to him by Conkacting Parties and shalt use informalion from it to
prepare summaries and studies ot new and recurring trends in the smuggling of works of art,
AnnexX
antiques or other cultural projorty. He shall periodically review the lndex
to eliminate informaiion
wnrcn, rn hrs optnton, has ouflived lts utility or become out_of_date.
11. The Customs adminislElions of the Contracting parties shal, upon request by the
sscretary Generar of the council and subject to the othir provisrons ot'ttr-e'6onventron
ano ttrls
Annex, provide the Secretary Geneiatwith such complementary intor.ition
,J-r"y
o"
n"""ar"ry
to p.epar€ the summa es and studies referred to in paragraph
1O oi
lhas;;;.
'12. The Sacretary Gonoral of the Council shall circulate to the
seNices or of[icials named by lhe
Customs administrations of the Contracting parties specific i"forr""ti"i
Lii"in"O in the central
index, to the exrent thal he deems such- circutation usefut,
and studies
refonsd io in paragraph 1O of this Annex.
""J;;;;;;;;*"
summarios or sludies thst he mav
Annex.
hav
e prepa
less advised to the contrary by the
e to UNESCO Bnd to the lntemational
c€rning the smuggling of works of art,
ral index, to the extent that thore has
circulation uselul togelher with any
is subjsct under paragraph 10 o, thi;
14. The Secretary General of the Council shall, upon requesl. suoDlv a Contracllng
Party
having accepted thrs Annex with any other informaton a""illOre
lo-t
iii
i,.., connection with the
poolrng ol information provided for by this Annex.
Central index, Part I : persons
15. Notiftcations under lhis part of the c€ntral indsx shall provide information conceming :
(a) persons finally convictod of smugglingi and
(b) whe@ appropriate, persons suspected of smuggling or apprehended in the act of smugghng
in the tenitory of the Conkacting earty miftng the notification, even tnough legal
proceedings have nol been completed,
it being understood that when Contracting parties refrain f.om notifying the names and
descriptions of the persons involved because such notification is prohi6ib;
by th6ir national
legrslation, they shall nevertheless make 8 notificalion containing
as many as possiUte of ttre
items listed rn this Part of the centrat index.
16
The lnformalion io be fumtshed sha[, so far as possible, tnclude the fofiowing
(a)
Sumame
(b)
Forenames
(c)
Malden name (if applicabte)
(d)
Nlckname or alias
(e)
Occupation
(f)
Address (presenl)
:
Annex Xl
4E
(g) Oale and place of birth
(h) Cilizenship/Nationality
(ij) Country of residence and @untries vtsited during the past 12 months
(k) Type and number of identity papers, inctuding country and date of issue
(l) Physicaldescription
(1)
\21
(3
(4
(5
(6
(7
(8
Sex
Height
Weight
Build
Hair
Eyes
Complexion
Oistinctive marks or peculiarities
(m) Bri€f padiculars of otfenc€ (including particutars of type and origin of goods involved in the
offence, and whether lhere has been an illicit tiansfer of ownsrship) and the ckcumstancos
which led to the deteciion of lhe offence
(n)
Naturo and amount ol pgnalty and/or sentenc€ imposed
(o)
Other observalions. including languages spoken and (if available) any previous conviciions
recorded
(p) Conlracting Party fumishing the information (including .eforence number).
'17. As a general rule, the Secretary General ol the Council sha circulate inlormation relating to
Part lof lhe central index at least to the countries of citizenship/nationality and residence and to
the countries visited by lhe peEon concemed during the past 12 months.
Central index, Part ll : Methods
'18. Notltications under this Part of the cenlral lndex shall provide information relating to
methods of smuggling works of arl, antiques or other cultural prop€rty, including methoda of
conc€alment, in all cases of significant intemational rnlerest. Contracting parties sh;ll report each
use of a known melhod ot smuggling as we as new, unusual or possible method so that cunenl
trends in this field can be detecled.
19. The information to be fumrshed shall, so far as possible, include the following
:
(a) Desc.iption oI methods of smuggting. lf availabte, the description (make, modet, registralion
number, in the case o[ land vehicles, type ot vessel, etc.) ol sny means of transp;rl used.
Where applicable, data from the approval ptate or certilic€te of conlainers or vehictes, the
designs ot which were approved under an intemationat Convention, and about any violalion
of seals, bolts, sealing devices or other parts of containers o. vehicles
(b) Description, if applicabte, of the place of concealment, including, where possible, a
photograph or sketch
Annex Xl
49
(c) Description oI goods concemed
(d) Other observations, including the circumstances which led to dot€clion
(e) Contracting Party fumrshing the information (including reference numbe0.
Commentary
5'1
II, COMMENTARY
A General
1. Historicalbackaround
From the very outset, the Council has always sought means of intemational co-operation
which would assist Customs administrations in combating Cusloms offences. As eady as
5 December 1953, it adopted tho Recommendation on mutual adminiskative assistance This
Recommendation enabled the Customs adminrskations of Membors who accepled it to establish
very close co-operation, based mainly on direct personal contact between the services
c,oncerned,
The 1953 Recommendation prcvided for dir€cl mutual assistance between Customs
administrations in the field of Customs enforcement, without the need to go through a central
agency. The Recommendation of 28 June 1954 for the pooling of information concerning peEons
convrcted of Customs offences gstablished a system whereby information was crrcutated by the
Council Gene.al Secretariat. The Recommendation of 8 June 1967 extend€d this system by
providing for lhe pooling ol information conceming not only persons convicled of Customs fraud,
but also places of concealment in means of transpori, other mothods of smuggling, goods
particulady liable to be smuggled and known to be lhe subject of definile smuggling trends and
traud by forgery, falsification or countgrfeiting (documents, Customs seals, elc ).
On 22 May 1975, the Council adopted a new Re@mmendation on the pooling of
inlormation conc€ming Customs fraud, further broadenhg lhe scope of the 1967
Recommendation. ln addition lo persons finally convicted of Customs fraud, the new
Recommendation also covered peEons suspecled of smuggling or othor fraud or approhended in
the act of smuggling provided, how€ver, thal the national loglslation did not prohibit lhe
communic€tion of such intormation lo other countri6s. The role ol lhe Council Goneral Secretarial
was extended, in that the latter was now required not only to administer the c€ntral index and
circulate the informalion contained therein, but also to decide which informalion should be
circulat€d and lo use information from the index lo prepare summanes and studies of trends tn
Customs fraud. Finally, a separat€ Annex concgming vessels involved in smuggling was included
in the ngw Recommendation.
ln 1957, sharing the conc€m of many countries regarding the alarming increase in the
abuse of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, the Council adopted a Resotution inv ing
Members to develop mutual assistance between their Customs admlnistrations, to the greatesl
possible extont, with a view to preventing and detecting illicll traffic rn narcotic drugs and
psychotropic substances. This Resolution was followed by the Recommendation of I June 197i
on the spontan€ous exchange ol inlormation conceming illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and
psychotropic substances. This Recommendation supplementod lhe legal means available lo
Cusloms seryices by enabling lhem to exchange opeEtional inlelligence, particutarly where the
success of an operation depended on speed of action: however, as pointed out in lhe text of lhis
Recommendation, the sole purpose of this exchange of information was lo reintorce the activities
of the authorities competent to take action againsl the abuse ol narcotic drugs and psychotropic
substances.
Commontary
From 1973 onwards the Councit,s attenlion had been drawn to the problem of preventing
and represslng the fraudutent exportation of works of art, antiquities and other culturat property,
matler of concem to the representatives of many counkies. ln a Resotution adopted
on 16 June
1976. the Council drew the altention of its Mombers to the importance of the
UNESCO
Convonlion on the means of prohibiling and preventing the ilicit import, expon
and lransfer of
ownership ol cultural property (1970) and invited them to devetop muluat actministrativL
assislance lo__combat the smuggting of works of art and antiquities, by actively exptoiting
the
possibilities oflered by the Recommendations of 1953 and 1967 (as
ame;ded in 1'g75i
;
The creation of these various legal instruments showed that the Council attached
impo(ance to intemational co-operation to combat Customs fraud, which was
assuming an
increasingly intemalionat character; it had adopted instrumenls doaling mo;
s;ecifica,y wilh th.
types ot smuggling about which its Membe6 were most concemod_. However, certain
States
expenencod dfficurty in granting administrative assistance merery on the
basis
of
Recommendations and considered that bilaleraj Conventions on mutual ajministrative
assistance
would provide a more effective means of action against customs offonces.
rn order to facilitate
and encou.age
Council proposed a model bitaterat Conv€ntion on mutual
administrative
eration by the countries concerned. h June 1967, the
Council in fact
hte.al Convention on mutuat adminGtraiive assistance for
the prevention, investigation and
ThiS modet was given the
fo.m and wording of a potentially
Stales remained completely
free to dolele Or modify the provis
r insert €dditional prcvisions
adaptod to their mutuar needs. Artematives were even incruded for certain
Arlicres ot the moder
Convention. This enabled countries wishing to conclude e bilaterat ajroement
to choose ihe
provision which best met thsir requirements.
However, it bec€me evidenl that the conclusion of regron8t bilateral
or multilateral
agreements, arthough extremery fruitfur and desirabre ror the ;untnes conc€mod,
courd not
provide an entirely satisfactory means of intemational action
agarnst Customs fraud, which was
becoming increasrngly widespr€ad and cerrain aspects of which-conc€med
all countnes For this
reason, rn 1974, the Council inskucted the permanent T€chnical Committoe to propare
a draft
multilateral Conventrcn on mutual administrative Bssistance, on lhe understandtng
that the
resulting instrument should be sufficienty effective and bindrng. whrle being
acc€ptabte to as
many counlries as possibre. This work curminared in the adoption, on g lune 1977,
at the
council's meeting in Nairobi (Kenya), of an intemationar convenlion on
tir"
-rtu"t
assistance for the prevenlion, investigation and repression of Customs oflences.
2.
"daini"k
General scope and structure of the Convention
The Convention consisls of a Body and 11 Annexes which may be accepted independenty
of each oiher. This system was adopted bocause il is very flexibie. ll ailows countnes which
would not, at present, be in a position to imptement alt the provisions of a mutuat administrative
assistance Convention to become Contracting parties to the Convention, accepting
onty cerlain
Annexes (at least one).
. . Since States need acc€pt only those Annex€s which they are in s position to appty, in the
original text of the Convention it wEs provided that no reservati;ns were permited (Artijtj le1. .ro
make s p.ovisions accessible to as many countries as possible, the Convention is structured in
such a way that states may accepl only those Annexes which are compatible with their nalional
legislalion.
However, in the course of the effods lo promote the Convention, it was found lhal the
provisions of Article 18 were one of the major obstacles to the full groMh
in the number of
Commentary
53
Contracting Parties. Consequently, lhe Enforcement Committee decided to amend the provisions
of Adicle 18 of the Convontion, given the difficulties that certain countries had highlightened This
action by the Enforcemenl Committoo was prompted by the desire not lo exclude outright
countries which were unablo to accopt the Convention as il stood.
The Council. at its 81"r82d Sessions, approved a recommendation by lhe Enforcement
Commitiee that the simplified amendment procedurc be applied to the Amendment of Article 18
Article '18 of the Nairobi Convention, which previously 6taled 'No reservations to this
Convention shall be permitted' has bssn replaced by the following texl and entered into force on
7 October 1995 in pursuance of lhs provisions ol Artrcle 20 of the Convention.
' Each Contracting Party shall be deemed lo have acceded to, or accepted all the provisions in,
the Convention or the Annexes thereto unloss, 8t the tims of acceding lo the Convenlion or
separately accepting an Annex or at any time thereafler, it has notified lhe Secretary General of
the Council of any reseNations in respecl or provisions to which it cannot subscribe. lt shall
underlake to examine periodically the provisions in respecl of which it has entered reseNations
and notify lhe Secrelgry General of lhe Council in the svent of th€ withdrawal of the reseNations.'
The objective of this amendmont is to promote the broadest possible intemational coopeEtion on the basis of lhe Council's l6gal instruments by r€moving obstacles which might in
some cases prevent or delay the sccossion of countries to the convention.
Besides this amendment, there is an escape clause in the form of Article 3 which provides
that the rgquested State need grant assistance only to the extent that this would not infring€ upon
its sovereignly, security or other substantial national interost or prejudice the legitrmate
commercial interesl ot any enterprise, public or pdvate.
ll should also be noted that, as is gonerslly the case in th€ field of mutual administrative
assistance, the Conventpn is bassd on thg conc€pt of reciprocity, i.e. a Contracting Party has an
obligation to Ender sssistance to another Contrac{ing Parly only insofar as bolh have accepted
the same Annex.
3.
Rulss for the interpretation ol the Nairobi Convention
lnlerprelation o, the Naircbi Convention shall be govemod by the lollowlng principles :
Goneral scpp€ of the Convention
1. Aoplication of the orovisions of the Nairobi Convention
There is nothing in the Convention to prevent Contracting Palties lrom
concluding bilate.al or regional agroements with each other :
(a) Where the provisions of the Narrobi Convention seem too general lo meet
particular co-operation requirements, the Contracting Parties concerned may
modify the scope of those provisions by signing more specific agreements'wdh
particular countries
The use ol lhis !v!rd does not preclude lhe conclusion ot olher anangements beh^cen Conlracting Partios
The use ol this word does nol preclude lhe conclusion ol other anangemenls betwoen Contracling Parties
Commentary
54
(b)
Sp€cific co-operation of this kind may take severat forms: in particular, it may
involve the exchange of cerlain sensitive dala or informatpn that is of purely
locallnterest.
(c)
This bilateral or regional co-operalion should, however, strll have as lls
framgwork the provisions of the Nairobi Convention which constitute the id€al
basis for co-operation and mutual administrative assislance between
Contracting Padies.
2.
Limits of the competence of Customs administrations
Where the Customs administralion is nol competent in a specific area or sharcs
competence with another administration, administrative assistance shall be rendered
on the following basis :
(a) The requested Customs administration shall grant the assislance sought where
it is competont to do so, and withtn the limits of tho pow€rs given fo Cristoms Oy
the provisions of the national legtslalion.
(b) ln rnstances where competenc€ is shared with another agency (potice,
gendarmerie, etc.), the requ6sted Customs administration shall Lndeavour,
as
far es possible, to collect all lhe necessary information and forward rt to the
requesting Customs administrallon.
3
Role of the Councit and of the Enforcement Committee
All the reterencos to the permanent Technical Committee in the text of the
Convonlion or its Annexes shall be tsken as a roferencF to lhe Entorcement
Committee which, sinca its establishm€nt in 1993, has had tull competence in the field
of enforcement.
B
General scooe of the Annexes
Poolino of information (Annexes lX - X - Xl)
'Central hdex'shall be taken io mean any system of pooling tnformation desioned
to
meet the requirements of Contracling parties in respect of the exchange ol information of
inlernational rnterest including nationaltrends, modus opgrandi, maior seizures and arlicles
of special interesl in the fietd of combating Customs fraud, diug trat icking and the
smuggling of works of arts, antiques and other culturat propeny.
Commenlary
55
B.
1.
Body of th6 Conventlon
Preamble
Offences against Customs law are prejudicial not only to the economic and fiscal interests
of States but also to the social interests of the intemationai community, particularly as regards the
smuggling of narcotrc drugs and psycholropic substances, or of cultu16l properly which is part of a
country's national hentage.
The Customs Co-operation Council was established to improve ihe efficiency and
etfecliveness of Customs administiations. lt must defend th€ legitimate interesis of t.ade, by
repressrng illicit aclivities which might be facilitated by the simplificalion of Customs procedures or
lhe reduction of Customs formalilies. The Preamble points oul that the strengthening of
co-operation between Customs Edministrations is one of the aims of the Convenlion eslablishing
a Customs Co-operation Council.
2. DglldllslE (chapter l)
'elElg4qleE" (Adicle '1, definilion (a))
As the compelsnce ol Customs administratpns varies from country to country, the t€rm
'Cusloms law' will not have the same meaning for all Contracting Parties.
The definition is couched in very general terms. ll refers to, for example, lhe app[catron of
control measures (as control is implicit in the Customs activiti€s described in the rest o[ the
delinition), tho case of financial op6rations (insofar as th€ goods lhemselves are concerned and
io the extent of the competence of the Customs sdministrations), and the case of refunds granted
by M€mbers of the European Economic Community ln connec:tion with the exportation ol cedain
agricultural products, insofar as they involve a 'plovision enforced or administered by the
Customs administralion' o[ lhese countnes at exporlation.
Accoding to the context ln which it is used, lhe term'Customs administrations' may
designate either the central adminislration or the outside services. lf they consider it nec,€ssary,
Contracting Parties may introduc€ appropriate national provisions to defrne the competence of
the various levels. Also. undsr Arlicle 6, the Contracting Parlies have to designate the seNices or
otficials responsible for direct communicalions between Contracting Parties.
'S!!!ggll!g" (Adicle 1, definltion (d))
Thrs definition covers noi only cases where goods have been concealed to esGtpe
Customs controls, but also cas6s where goods, although not concoaled, have not b€en properly
declarod to the Customs. lt covers oll modes of trensport, including the post.
Commentary
56
"!!p94_9l_elp94j4!e! iltllelqE' (Adicle 1, definition (e))
This definltion reproduc6s the one which appears in other intemational instruments
prepared by the Council, padicularty the intemational Convention on the simpliflcation and
harmonlzalion of Customs p.oc6dures (Kyoto Convention).
ln this connection, the Permanent Technical Committee considered lhat the mutuat
assistance provided for by the Convention does not apply in cases of dumprng (sinc€ the
WTO/GATT antriumping Code includes assistence m€asurcs on this subject) or ol
countervailing duties (which are relerred to in Article Vl of WTO/GATT).
'Ratific€tion" (Adicle 1, definition (ij))
The definition of the le.m 'ratification' facilitates the drafting ol the final provisions of the
Convention by ayoiding the nood to rep€at tho terms ,ratificalion., "acceptance" and .approval. rn
severalArlicles. The intemal legar provisions of indivldual states conc€rning the conditions to be
met before lhe competent national authorities may decide on the int;mationat instrumenl
declaring the state's willingness to be bound remain applic€br€. This definition of ratification
makes it possible for each Slale to choose the procedure it prefers for undertaking commiiments
at intemational level. rt is pointed out that this d6flnltion conesponds to the provisions of Article 2
(1) (b)ot the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 23 May i969.
3. Scooe of the Convention (Chapter ll)
(a) ReciDrocitv (Article 2. DaraoraDh 1)
As stated above, a Contracting Party has an obligation to render assistance to another
Contracting Parly only insofar as both have accepted the same Annex (however, sse paragraph
(e)below).
As specified in the text, although the obtigalons are assumed by the Contracting parties,
assrstance is afforded by lhetr Customs adminrslrations.
(b)
(Articte 2, paragraph 2)
The texl of this paragraph is woded in such a way that it does not exclude lmm the scope
of lhis Convention information which might be of use in connection with judicial proceedings,
since these are precisely the most important cases. However, the timils of the competence ol
Customs administrations is recognized, particularly whero judicial proceedings are being
undertaken and the text carefully avoids any overlap wilh possible agreements on mutual
assistiance rn criminal matters. This is why it speclfies that this Article apples only in cases where
a Customs adminiskation requ€sts assistanco from anolher Cusloms adminislralion ln all cases,
the provisions of lhe national legislation conceming the competent authorities musl be respected.
Given that, in principle, only measures of administrative assistance fall within the competence ot
a Customs adminrskaton, no administration can be required to fumish judicial assistance which
does not fall within the limit of its competence
Commentary
(c) Exclusions (Article 2, paragraph 3)
This paragraph excludes, on lhe one hand, roquesls for the arrest of psrsons and, on lhe
other hand, requests for assistan@ with the recovery of duties, iaxes, cha.ges, elc., both these
measurcs having been deemed to go beyond what States, at present, norma y agree upon in the
matl€r.
(d) Escsp€ clause (Article 3)
The circumstances in which Contracting Parlies may rcfuse assistance are lhe same as
those provided for in the'1967 mod€l bilateral Conventrcn on mutual administrative assistance for
the prevention, investigation and reprcssjon of Customs offences (Arllcte 17) 8nd in A.ticle lV of
the Convention establishrng a Cusloms Corperalion Council, conceming the proteclion ol the
legilimate commercial interests ot any enterprise, public or private. This clause shoutd be applied
only afler careful consideration to determine whether the commercial interests in question are
legilimate or not. Moreover, Article 3 provides that, while ihe requesled Contracting Party may
invokg this tex( to refuse assistance, it may nev6rlheless ogree to provide such assislance
subjecl to certain conditions or requirements.
(e) Possiblo depoation frcm the princiole ol reciorocitv (Artlcle 4)
Under the principle of reciprocity. a Customs administ.ation should request from another
Customs administration only that assisianc€ which it would itself bs able to give lf requested to do
so Artrcle 4 provid€s lhat, even if this principlo c.nnot be respected, assistance may be
requested, provided thal the requ€sting administration draws attenlion lo this fact in its request.
However, as specified in connection with Adicle 2, paragraph 1. the Conventon does not oblige
the requested Contracting Party to comply wlth such a request.
4
General assisbnc€ procedures (Chapter lll)
(a) Use which mav be made of intelliqence. documents and other information (Article 5)
Article 5 provides thal :
- intelligence, documents or other inlormation communicated or obtained under this Convention
may be usgd for the prevention, investigation and reprcsspn of Cusioms offences, inctuding
use in judicial or administrativ€ proceedrngs, withoul objections on the grounds ol thoir
confidentiality, unless lhe Customs administration which fumished them has expressly laid
do,^/n restriclions to such use,
- the Contracling Parly which r€ceives such intelligence, documonls or other information must
guarantee proteclion in respect ot clnfidentialily;
- such intelligence, documenls or other information may be used for purposes olher than the
prevenlion, investigation or reprcsslon of Cusloms offences with the written consenl of the
Customs adminrstratlon which fumished them
Commentary
58
(b) Procedure for communlcations between Customs adminlstrations (Articles 6 and 7)
Articles 6 and T lay down the procedu.es to be lollowed and the condttions in which
communic€tions take place between Customs administrations. Par8graph 2 of Article 6 stresses
that all lhe measures a Customs administration is required to take puEuant to a request are
s'Jbject to the same restrictions and requirements as are imposed by national law in purely
national proceedings of the same kind.
It should also be noted lhat, for the purposes of Article 7, .gquests for assistance mad6 by
telex, telegram or other means of telecommunication lhat reproduce the text are regarded as
requests made "in writing".
5
M scellaneous orovisions (Chapter lV)
(a)
and represslon (Article 9)
The provisions of Article 9 must be read in conjunction with those of Adrcle 6, paragraph 1,
which provides that the Secretary General shall communicate to Contracting Parties the names
and addresses of servic€s or otfrcials responsible for direct communicalrcns between lhe
Customs administrations of the Contrac{ing Parlies. One moans of ensuring that personal and
direct rolations are malntained between the servicos responsible for the prevenlion, investigation
and repression of Customs offences is, for example, to prepar€ and keep up-toiale a list of the
names and addresses of officrals responsiblo for these vanous services. Another means of
achieving this objective is to convene meetings of oflicials in chaEe of these seNices, as
provided in Article 12, paragraph 2 (d). lt is point€d out that, under Article 9, the Council is ilself
r€qurred to make appropdate anangements in this connection.
(b) More extensive mutual administrative assistance (Article '11)
ln general, the more exlensive mutual sdministrative assistance relened lo in Article 11 is
assistance provided for by bilat€ral or multilateral (regional) agreements. However, this provision
does not prevent Contracting Parties from granting still more extensive assrstance than thal
provided for by such agreements
Moreover, the Convention is not intended to effect the facilities provided under exisling or
future bilateral agreements Bilateral agreements may even be concluded between Contracting
Padies to the Convention, to supplement the provisions ol the Convention on specific poinls and
lo settle certain aspocts which are of parlicular interesl to the countries concemed.
6
Role ot the Councrl and of the Permanent Technical Committee (Chapter V)
with regard lo Arlicle 12, paragEph 2 (b) il should be noted that the Permanqnt Technical
Commitlee may fumlsh opinions on the interpr€talion of provlslons of the Convontion, bul nol on
the modes of application of the Convention in parlicular cases, a task which should be left to lhe
Contracling Partres concemed.
7
Final orovisions (Chapler Vl)
Commenlary
59
(8) Settlement of disoutes (Adicle .t4)
The text of Article 14 diflers from the conesponding texts in other
Councit Convenlions in
that it does not provide for disputos between contracring Farties to oe rereneJio
tne pe.msnent
Tochnical Committee and to tho Councit.
(Protocol
of amendment to Artlcle 15)
The text of the Protocol of smendment lo Articte 15 of lhe Nairobi Convention
was adopted
by the Council at its 65th/66th Sessions (June 1985). I was accepted Oy all the Contracting
Parlies, and enlered into force on 27 July i989.
(c) Limitations on the extent of assistance
As stated b€fore, Article 18 has been amended and now permits reseNations to {he
Cohvenlion. Membe6 have now the possibithy to define tor lhemselves the oxtent
of the
assist8nce rhey wirr provide. rn addition, there is an esc€pe crause in the lorm of Articre
3 which
providos that tho roquested State no€d grant assistan@ only to th6 extend
that this $,ould not
infringe on its sovoreignty, securily or other sub6tantial ;ational inte.ests o. prejudice
the
legltlmate commercial interests ol6ny enterprise, public or private.
A number of the provisions of the Convention also incorporate clauses of this kind,
enabling
the rcquesled state ro invoke hs nationar regisration as grounds for refusing administrative
assislance which is beyond its compgtence.
(d)
paragraph
(Adicle 15'
5)
The text ot this provision is based on the one which appears in the 1975
TIR Convention
on other
provisions of the Convention, parlicularly in respect of the enlry into
force of the Convention and
Its Annoxes (Anide 16), the entry tnto lorce of amondments
lAniOe ZOy anJ the acceptance ol
amendmenls which have previousty entered into force (Artict€ 2i). lt;houtd
be noted that, in
these Articres, thero is a distinction between the term : ;contraciing parties
wnicrr covers both
states and, where appropriate, customs or economic unions and the-terms : isiales"
8nd 'stares
which are Contractlng Parties, rvhich do not includg Customs or economjc
unions.
(Article 52, paragrsph 3). The apprication of this crsuse may have .epeicussions
(e) Amendmeni orocedure (Adicte 20)
The simprified amendment procedure proyided for in Articro 20 is
based on Arricre 59 of the
_
^__ TIR Convsntion.
1975
To take gccount of the time whrch mfght
Ue needetin some counkies,or
consideretion by Pariiament, paragreph 3.of Articte 20 fixes ;t tu o years
the peaoa during which
objections to proposed amendments msy be communrc€led.
C. Anngxes to lhc Convontion
Comlnontary
60
1. GeneEl scooe ot the Annexes
on
ha
come into force for that Contracling party (Articl
Taken tog6th€r, the Annexes to the Conv
2. Assistance bv a Customs adrpinistration on lts own initiative (Annex l)
lt is pointed
out that the provisions of paragraph 3 of Ann€x
l, w
r._ cpncern
orreq
to a Contractino party,
of
do not overlap with t'he
,n" pootins of informarion tn Annex tX, x xli
l"ll""T,nn
"i
ns
rai
"iilr, "rp
(Annex Il)
The onus is on the requesting Conlrac
Annex ll only when it has good raason to
commitled. The requesting Contracting party
i
as the requests for assrstance must ;ontatn
su-ch documenls as may be deemed useful (Art
willbe in a position to form its own opinion on th
The obligations of Contracting parties who accept
Annex ll are laid down in paragraph 1 of
,,
.
the Anne.x. The lext of paragraph 2 rs merety intended
to gir"
these obhgations can be futfi ed.
"r"r;tr;-i ln" *"y. ,n ,rhi.t
: ,lnformation or documents availabte
to it' ls used in this Annex, it means that the information or
doc;"ni"-""-n #
,nO opiafy
procured by an admilistration, without
the need tor a speciat invesh;;;.
"""ify
It should also be noted that wherever the expression
-'
4
Assistance. on reouesl. relatino lo controls (Annex lll)
lt foltows f.om lhe general intent of the Convention lhat
assistance und€r the terms ol this
Annex should be reouested onlv when lhere is a good reason
fo
offence has been committed in lhe territory ol tne re{uesting
""""iJ"i", suspect that an
iontra"fr;;;;r.
-
5
Assrslance. on rcauesl, relatina lo surveillance (Annex lV)
Commentary
The expression:'to the oxtent of its competence and ability', usod in Annex lV, 'ras inserted to
tiake account of diflerences which may exist between countries w h regard to the territorial
compet€nce of Cusloms adminlstrations (for example, the action of Customs services may be
confined to certain parts of the tenitory) and the means available to Customs administrations for
carrying out the surveillance requested.
6.
(Annex V)
The expr€ssion :"subject to the laws and rggulations in force in its t€nitory'in paragraph 2
of Annex V means that the nolific€tions refe[ed to in this pa.agraph must be made in the
requasted country and musl comply with the requested country's national laws and regulations
applicable to such cases.
Th€ expression : "any matter falling within the scope ol this Convention" in paragraph 2 of
AnnoxVobligescontraclingParti€swhohaveacc€ptedthisAnnextomakesuchnotific€tions,
under lhe co;ditions laid down, even in rcspecl of matters coverod by Annexes which lhey have
not themselves acc€pted.
7. Aooearance bv Customs officials before a courl or tribunal abroad (Annex Vl)
The reference io the fact that evidenca may often be given in the form of a written
statemgnt is intended to emphasize that appearances before courts or tribunals in foreign
is
countrios should be the exception rather than th6 rule. Moreover, the requested administration
give
lo
called
upon
tho
officials
extent
that
to
the
rgquested
only
requir€d to grant the assistance
evi;ence abroad are available 6nd that statfing does not prosent a prcblom However, lhe
provisions of Annex vl apply even where a courl or tribunal daals with queslions or assessment
of imporl or export dutrgs or laxes in connection w(h a Customs offence lf the competent body is
not a cpurt or tribunal, recouEe may be had to lhe provisions of other Annexes to the
Convention.
ThisAnnexprovidesthstthecustomsadministrationmaysetlimitswthwhlchitsotflcials
must comply in giving ovidence belore a foreign court or tribunal The Convention should not,
howsvor, encroach on the rules goveming the giving of evidenco in the courts'
8.
ee4y (Annex Vll)
Paragraph 3 of Annex Vll provides for the presence of foreign otlicials in mnneclion with
enquiries oi concom to the fo.eign country: howev€r, in this Anncx, only tho officral's presence is
providod for. cases in which the foreign otficisl participates direclly in investigations are dealt with
by Annex Vlll.
The Convention contains no provisions conceming the l€gal posltion of officials of the
Cusloms administration of a Contracling Party in the teritory of anolher Contracting Party, or the
protection they should be given. This question should be settled directly between the Conkacting
Parties concemed.
Commontary
62
9. Particioation in investioations abrcad (Annex Vlll)
Under th€ provisions oI this Annex, where two Contiacting Parties deem this appropriate,
an otficial may visit a foreign country lo assist in an lnvestigation being carned out in that country,
wlthout it belng specified whether or not this investigation is o, concem to the country which
sends him. The two Contracting Parlies shall agree on lhe erctenl of this participation.
10 Poolino of information (Annex lX)
Annor lX incorporales the main provisions of the Council Recommendation o122May 1975
on the pooling of information conceming Customs fraud. However, certain amendments have
been mad€ to the lexl of the Recommendatlon Essentially, these are as follows :
- undor the provisions of paragritph 2, the Secretary General of the Council must periodically
review the index to eliminate lnformation which has outlNed its utility or become out-of-datei
this provision was nol included ln the 1975 Recommendation;
- Undor the provisions of paragraph 3, the Secr€tary General of the Council is entitled, 6s stated
in the Recommendation of 1975, to request complementary information. However, the text
specifies that such information must be necossary to prepare summaries and studi€s;
- paragraph 4 stipulates that the infomation must be circulated to named services or officiats. tt
is therelore up to the Contractlng Parlies who accept this Annex to supply a tist of names and
notify any subsequent amendments theretoi
- race is not mentioned in the lEt of descriptivo elements set out at paragraph I (A). lt coutd be
included, it necessary, under ltem (o) Other observatpns;
- the right to refrain from naming suspected pe6ons, when this is prohibited by the national law,
has been extended to cover persons finally convicted (parEgraphs I and 'l'1). The term
"national legislation' is to be laken to cover all provisions ot general application enacted either
by the legislature or by the executive and eflectrv€ at national leveli
- in addition to the information provided tor in the 1975 Recommendation, ln paragraphs I (A)
(m), I (B) (g), '12 (k) and 14 (6), Contracting Parties who have acc€pted this Annex are inviled
to indicate the circumstances which led to the detection of a Customs otlence (or a place of
concealmont). lnformation of this typ€ can be very useful to other counlries particip8ting rn the
information pooling syslem:
- as regards information conceming vessels involved in smuggling, paragraph 16 specifies thal
such information need be fumished only lnsotar as it is availsble and can be communicated
under nationai law'.
I
It should also be pointed out that the term 'name' appearing in paragraph (B), must be
interpreted in its broadest sense, to include the full trading name of the frrm, regardless of lls legal
status (public company, limited company, elc.)
The Council has decided that a Contracting Party which supplies an item of information is
free to state how long the information should remain ln the Council's Central lndex (maintained
under the provisions of Annex lX) and in the frles of other Contracting Parties The Conlracting
Parly which has supplied the information will be notified of its wlthdrawal
Commentary
63
11
(a)
Paragraph 2 of Annex X states thal, wherever appropriate and to the extenl of the
competence ot the Customs administrdtions, the pDvisions of this Annex conceming the
smuggling of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, appty also to financial operations
undertaken in connection with sL/ch smuggling. Thrs lext was includod in the Annex al the request
of the United Nalions Division of Narcotic Drugs and the lnlemational Narcotics Conlrol goa;d. lt
takes inlo account the provisions of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs ot ,196.t (Article 36,
paragraph 2, subparagraph (a) (ii) and the 1971 Convention on psychotropic substances (Adicle
22, pa.agrcph 2, subparagraph (a) (ii) which require that Contracting parties to these
Convenlrcns make any financial operation in connection with, inter Etia, the smuggting of narcotic
drugs and psychotropic substances, a punishable otlenc€. With rggard to the illicit traflicking in
narcotic drugs, on 12 May 1976, lhe Economic and Sociat Councit of the United Nations adopted
a Resol'Jtion E/RES/2002(LV) on "Financial transactions related to i icit traffrcking in narcotics' ln
lhis Resolution, lhe Unitod Nalions Economic and Social Councit points out that lhis traffic
requrres large sums of money and that leaders ol itlicit iratftcking organizations might be invotvod
in these transaclions, without actively padicipating in the movement ot drugs. Close attention by
authorities to financial transactions conceming persons suspecled of involvement in licit drug
kafficking might therofo.e lead lo $€ sppr€hension 6nd conviclion ot major drug kaffickers. lt
therefore urges govemments which have not already done so to enact such legislation as may be
necessary lo make financial support provided knowingly, by whalever means, in fu.thel-ance of
drug offences, including smuggling, a punishable offence, and to co{perate with one another in
oxchanging inlormation to identily drug traflickers committing such an ottonce.
(paragraph 3)
Paragraph 3 reproduces the substanc€ o[ the Customs Co-operation Council
Recommendation of 8 June 1971 on the spontaneous exchange of rnformalion conceming i icit
lraffic in narcolic drugs and psychotropic substances. Howover, it should be noted that the
expressrcn :'smuggling of narcotic drugs or psycholropic substanc6s' has beon used in place of
"illicit traffic' Bnd that the obligatons concoming the spontaneous communicalion of information
involve only Customs administrations which may be direclly concerned. Atso, with regard to
paragraph (b), it is specified thal informatpn conceming suspected persons need be
communicated only : 'insofar as information conceming such persons c€n be communicaled
under national la#'
(c) Assistance. on reouest. relatino to surveillance (parag.aph 4)
The lext of paragraph 4 reproduces that ol Annex lV lo the Convention, the one difference
being that parag.aph 4 concems only lhe smuggltng of narcotic drugs and psychotropic
substances.
(d) Enouiries. on request. on behatf of anothe. Contractinq partv (paragraph 5)
Paragraph 5 rcproduc€s the text of paragraph 1 of Annex V lo the Convention, but
concems only the smuggling of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substanc€s
Commentary
64
(e)
Contractino Partv
Paragraph 6 of this part of lhe Annex reproduces the p.ovisions of Annex Vl, applying them
lo the smuggling of narcotic drugs and psychokoptc subslances
Paragraph 7 reproduces the provisions of paragraph 3 of Annex Vlt. To mak6 these
provisions acceptable to the greatest possibte number of countries, it ls specified that
authorization is granted only to ths extent of the compot€nce and ability of the requosted
administration. Ouring the preparatory wo* on Annex X it was agreed thal when lhe Customs
admrnistrdtion of lhe requested Contracling Party was not competent in this situation it should
forward the request to the competent administration of its c.untry and then transmit the repty to
thg requesting administration.
Paragraph 8 reproduces the lext of Annex Vlll, but includes the following expression : "and
subjecl to the laws and regulations in force in their tenitories'.
(f) Poolino of lntormation
This part of the Annex is dirscUy bssed on Annex lX. However, whereas Annex lX is based
on the concept of reciprocity, i.e. the information contained in lhe Central lndex is communicated
only to Contracting Parties who have accepted the Annex, paragraph i3 of AnnexX provides
ihat, unless the Contraciing Party fumishing the lnlormation advises to the contra.y, information
conceming the smuggling of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is also clrculated to the
other Members of the Council, to the competent Bodies oI tho Untted Nations, to the lntemational
Criminal Police Organization/lnt€rpol snd to othqr lntemational organizations with which
arrangements have been mado in this respecl. Moreover, wheaeas paaagraph g of Annex lX
provides that, in princrple, inlormation notified sha[ be limited to oflences which have rssulted in
or could lesd to imprisonment or a flne exceeding the equivslent of US$2,000, there is no such
rostriction in Ann6x X.
12.
orooertv (Annex Xl)
Under the provisions of paragraph 2, Annex Xl atso applies, wherever appropriate and to
the extent of the competence of the Customs administration, to the financiat opoctions
undertaken in connection with the smuggling ot works of arl, antiques and olher cuttural properly.
ln addition, paragraph 13 of this Annex provides thal, unless advtsed to the contrary by lhe
Contracting Party furnishing the informotion, the Secretary Genersl of lhe Council shall elso
circulate to UNESCO and to lhe lntemational Criminal Polrce Organizalion/lnterpol any
informalion concaming the smuggling of wod(s of art, antiques or other culural property.
contained in the Central lndex.
Benefits
65
III. BENEF]TS OF THE I{AROBI CONVENTION
l.
Exchanoe of information
From lhe ysry outset, the Council has sought means of intemational co-operaton which
would assisl Customs admrnist-ations in combating Customs otfenc€s. Thus, it adopied a number
of Recommondations designed to enable the Cusloms administratons of Member States Yihich
6c.epted them to establish snd Etrengthen co-op66tion, mginly by direct personal contact
between the sorvices concemed.
It atso lntroduced a system for the pooling and circulation of information concemrng pelsons
convic{ed of Cusloms fraud, places of conc€almenl in means of transPort, other methods of
traud, goods particulariy susceptibts to fiaud, and fraud by forgery, falsification or count€rfeiting.
ln 1967, sharing the conc€m of many countries regarding the alarming increase in drug
abuse, the Council ;dopted a Resolulion followod, in'1971, by I Recommendation on the
psychotropic
spontaneous exchang€ ot lnformatlon conccmlng illicit trstfic in narcotlc drugs and
substances.
ln 1973, in pariicular, the Council's attention was drawn to tho problem of proventing and
repressing the fraudulent impodation of works of 6rl, Sntiques and oth€r cullural Propedy ln a
Resolutio; adopted in'1976, the Council alerted its Members to the importance of the UNESCO
convention on the means of prohlbiting and p.gventing the lllicit import. expori and transfer of
ownership of cultural proporty, and invited them to develop mulual administrativo assistanc€ to
possibilities offered
combat tie smuggling of work of arl and antiques, by ac{ively exploiting the
1975
by the Recommendations ol 1953, 1967 and
gy creating thsso various logal instruments lhe Council show€d how much importance it
stteched lo int;mational co-op€ration in combating Customs fraud; it also ondeavoured to
encourage the conclusion of bilatoral or regional agreements by drafting a model bilateral
Convention on mutual administrative assistance, sdopt€d in 1967
However. became evid€nt that the conclusion of regional bilaterdl or multilateral
agreements. atlhough extrcmely frulttul. could not of itself provide an entirely satislactory means
oi world-wide intemational action Egainst Customs ,raud, which was becoming increasingly
widespread and in some lEspects 8 matter of universal @ncem. For this reason, the Council
underiook the preparation of an intemational lnslrument whlch, whi6 sutficlently efloctive and
binding, would at the same time be acceptable to 8s many countries as possible
The Nairobi Convention tully onvelops the sreas covered by the various exrsting Council
Recommendations 8nd Resolulions conc€ming mutual adminislralrve assistance in the lield of
Customs enforcement.
Thrcughout the preparatory work on the Conv€ntion' it was stressed that for the purposes
ol adoption and acceptance Annexes I to lX should be regarded as constituting 6 single text
covenng Customs activities direcled against commercial fraud in general, wher€as Annexes X
and Xldealt with specilic areas and could therefore be regarded as'separate Conventions'.
The Convention and its 1't Annexes reflecl the wishes of the countries and institule a form
of multilateral co'operation which leaves ample scope for the conclusion of regional bllateral or
multilaleral agreements.
Benofils
66
Several countries have established bllateral or multilateral relations founded on the
princlples laid down by the Nairobl Convention.
Annex x of the Convention provides the necessary basis for specialized co-operalion
betwoen lhe various services responsible for combating drug abuse. Togother with the 1961
United Nations single Convenlion on narcotic drugs and the 197'l Conv€ntion on psychokopic
substances, it constituies an appropriate legal framework for the struggle against this social
scourge
The Nairobi Convenlion provides lor the sharing of experience and for direct peEonal
relations between otficials responsible for handling confidential information. lnformation can be
exchanged eithe. dir€ctly or through the Council's c€ntGl index
.
Accession to the Nairobi Convontion also givss Contracting Parties a basis for co-operation
in connoclion with surveillance, the lnvestigation of Customs oflences and judicial proceedings.
Certain countries may already ssslst each other in these areas without being bound to do so. The
Nairobi Convention makes such assistance mandalory.
lntelligence, documents or other information communic€lod or obtained under the
Convontion may be used for tho prevsntion, inv€stigation end rcpression of Customs otfences,
includrng use in judicial or administrative proce6dings. Adicle 5 of the Convenllon adds that there
should be no restrictions on the use of such lnformation on the gounds of lts confidentlality
unless, of cou6e, the Customs sdministralion which fumished lt €xpressly laid down restrictions
on such use. Moroover, the text carefully avoids any overlap wlth possible Sgre6ments on mulual
assistance in criminal matters. This is why it specifies that lhe Article concem€d applies only in
cases where a Customs administration requests assistance from anolher Cusloms administration.
lll. Reasons for accedinq to the Nairobi Conv€ntion
The foregoing paragraphs explain the role which the Convention is intended to play in
combatrng fIaud in general, and the illicit traffic ln narcotic drugs, psychotropic substancos and
cultural property ln particular.
There can be no doubt that the Nairobi Convention constitutes the ideal framework for
broader and more efleclive co-operation between Contracling Padles.
It is clear that transnational crime, which is continuously expanding and proliferating, is a
crcss-border lom of crime and that the globalization of markets presents criminal organizations
w h more and more opportunities Since frontier controls are, inter alia, the responslbllity ot
Customs, the latler can play a key role in combating organlzed crime. Customs Administrations
need to consider the initiatives necessary to strengthen their actions. For seveEl years the
Councll has made available to lts Members the Nairobi Convention which met customs
administrative co{peration needs.
With amendment of Article 18 of the Convention that lifted the main obstacles pr€venting
accession, the Narrobi Convenlion temains an elfective, specific and available instrument to
whrch more countries could accede.
Benefits
67
EscaDe clauses
Atthough the Convention is a legally binding instrument which places obligations directly
upon tho Contracting Parties, lhe Nairobi Convention contains various escape clauses, more
particularly the possibility for entering reservations provided for in Adicle 18 and the general
provisions ol Article 3. These should allay any possible misgivings on the part of msmber States
r€garding strict complianca with their national legislation.
It has been argued that the Annexes burden and bind Customs administrations in such a
way that it might be difficult lor thsm lo accopt additional obligations based upon an intemalional
lnslrument. A detalled study of sll the rul€s shows that close co-operation was ln tact htended by
the authors of the Convention. However, as a geneEl rule a participating country cannot be
asked to do more than it would for its own purposes and in its own interest (cf, for rnstance, the
ln
formula 'the Customs administtation .. shall, to th€ €xtenl of its competence and ability,
addition, in many parts of the Annsxes clausos are inserled whrch lessen constraints which might
otherwise giv6 counlnes cause for concem (for instanc€, 'Where d€emod appropnate' in Annex l,
paragraph 2).
')
Over the years, 6ome MembeE have expressed s€nous concoms as they felt that there
was a conflic{ betweon the Nairobi Convention and their national logislation on data protection
tssues. This argumenl no longer holds as data proteclion issues can be addrossed by entering
reservalions provided for in amended Article 18, whch compliments the general escape clause
containod in Article 3.
Some judicial authorities in Member counlries have argued that there c.uld be an overlap
b€tween the multilateral Conv€ntion and existing bilateral agre€ments for co-operation with a
particular foreign country. lt must be stressed that the Convention menlions expressly that it does
not preclude lhe applic€tion of any more exhaustive mutual asslslrance (Article 11), which is
normally the case with bilateral agreements whera there is usually a closer rBlationship within a
similar l€gal environment or a long history of co-op€ration, etc. Th€ Convention is not a substituto
for somo more detailed legal basis bul otfers a provisional solutlon where no such lggal basis yet
oxists
On the olher hand, it must always be bom€ in mind that multilateral, and not just bilateral
co-operation is the ultimate goal
Customs administrations must also be aware of the fact that the Convention covers only
administrative, and not judicial assistance, whlch may be dealt with in other lntemalional
instruments. As stipulated in Article 2 of the Convention, it is the Cusloms admintstration ol a
Contrac{ing Parly (and not a court) which may request assistance, and then only withrn the lim s
of its own competence (and not the competence of the court, even rn conneclion with a judicial
procodure).
ReciDrocitv rule
Although Ariicle 4 provides for a possible relaxatron ot the rule, the principle of reciprocity is
respected to the extent lhal a Coniracting Party has an obligation to render assistance to another
Contracting Party only rnsofar as both have accepled the 6ame Annex (Adicle 2) Other
provisions o[ both the Convention and its Annexes sre also concemed wilh maintaining a balance
in ihe services rendered.
Benefits
68
ln addition to the general provisions of Article 3 and Article 4 of the Convention, there are
many provislons in the body of the Convention and the Annexes where Eference is made to
national l€gislation (lor instance, Article 5, Article 6, paragraph 2, AnnexX, paragraphs1,3,5
and 8 - see also above Part 2, paragraph lll). ln other words, no sssistance can be given unless
natlonal legislation so allows.
lV. Conclusions
The aims of the Nairobi Convention, however worthwhile, can be achieved only if the
instrumenl is accepled wodd-wide. Customs admrnistrations should therefore play their part in the
efforts to promote the broadest possible acceptance of the Convention. To conclude, the main
benefits which accrue to Stiates can be summarized as follows:
- Broader exchange of information on illicit traffic;
- Effective co-opsralion, dir€ct and muhilateral, between Member States with a view to
protecting their national economy, public health and other lnt€rests;
- Communlcation of svidenc€, testlmony, etc., by other countrles for use ln Judicial proce€dings;
- Compliance with requests for assistance made by other States only to the extent of the
requested administration's own competence and ability and, above all, subjecl to national
legislalion;
- Continuing control over the use made of a Contracting Party's information or documents in the
framework of mutual administrative assistance, ln view ot th€ need to protect lhe confidentiality
of such communications:
- Maintsnance of personal and direct relations between the seNices responsible for the
prev€ntion, investigation and repression of fraud.
For these and many other reasons, the Nairobi Convention can be regarded as a necsssary
legal basis for relations between Contracting Parties.
Prcceduros
69
M. PROCEDURES ACCEDING TO THE NAROBI CONVENTION
l.
Accession
A Councll Member may b€come a Contractrng Party to the Convention by acceding to it End
by accepting at least one Annex
This parl of tho brochure deals with lhe process of acc€ssion and examines in detail the
prgparatory administrative work which has to be canied oul in countries wishing to accede lo the
Convention. The nature and magnitude of the work and formalities involved in acceding to any
intemalional instrument may, of course, differ subslantially from country to country. lt is hoped,
however, that the lollowing very general description and examples wll facilitate tho task of the
Cusloms personnol of lhe admtntstrations concemed.
ll.@il
The Secretary General ls required to notlty specitied padies of the €xist€nce of the
Convontion, the status oI its acceptance, and any amendments made to it. ln addition to making
lhese formal communrcations, he may lrom time to time invite Member States tvhich have not yet
acc€ded to the Convention to considor doing so.
As a rule, notific€tions and invitations are transmitted by the Secretary General through
diplomatic channols, i.e., via diplomatic missions in Brussels, to the Ministry responsible for
foreign affairs in the country conc€med. ln add ion, the Secretary General receives inskuments
of acc€ssion and, thro'Jgh the same chann€ls, notifies Contracting Parties of accessions to the
Convention and acceptances of Annexes.
lll. Preoaratory work to be canigd out in the accedino countrv
General consideialions
ln many countries, it is the govemment's legal department or lhe Mrnistry rosponsible for
foreign atfairs which examines lhe principles involved in accession lo intemationsl instruments. ln
the case o[ the Nakobi Convenlion lhe Cusloms administration must play a part, especially in
deciding which Annexes should be 8cc€pted 8nd, notwithstanding the Convention's various
escape clauses (Artcle 3, in particular), in determining whelher and how the national legislation
should be amended to bring it into line with the provisions of the Annexes concemcd, since il rs
the Customs which rmplements the rel€vanl laws and regulalions and is therefore in a position to
give advice on the practical aspects and implications of changes in the legislation.
As the Nairobi Convention recommends a system of mutual administrative Essistance
between Member States, it includ€s aspects which are of iniercst to a number of govemment
departments. Consequently, all govemmenl depa(ments having an interest in lhe Annexes
should be consulted when @nsideGtion is being given to acceding to the Convention; they
should also be asked to assist tho Cusloms adminrstration and support its action during lhe
accessron process.
Paocedures
70
For administrative and logislalive convenionce, it is advisable that countaies accept as many
Annexes as possible at the time of accession to the Convention. Furthermore, if the caunlry
concemed is convlnced of lhe need to establish the broadest posslble basis for co-operation with
the other Contracting Parties, the briefs conceming accession submitted to the natronal political
authorities should emphasize the complomentary nature of the various Annexes and lhe
advanlages of accopting them at the time of accession.
Once the decision to accede to the Convention has been made, the next stage is to decide
which Annexes should be accopled Here, a number of laclors musl be laken into accounl.
Detailed sxamlnation of Annexes
Each Annex gives particulars of the proc€dures to be estrablished tor co-operation between
the Contracting Parti€s
ln Appendix I to lhis brochure lhe content and scope of each Annex are briefly outlined .
Generally speaking, the examination of the Annexes with 9 view to their acceptance wlll
depend on lhe level of co-operalion which the country concsmed wishes to ostablish with lhe
other Contractin g Parties.
With rogard to the lntorpretation of lhe Convention and, in particular, of its Annexes,
reference should always be made to the commentaries reproduced below and to the E!tslgqEgl!
Handbook.
lV. Preoaration ol briefs or memoranda
As soon as all the above-mentioned decisions have bosn taken, the Customs sdminislration
or other competent department must prepare the brief or memo.andum which will be requir€d by
various officials Involved in the diflorent stages of obtaining govemmenl approval lor ac@ssion to
the Convention and acc€ptance ol the various Annoxes selecled.
On the basis of the various briefs or memorcnda conceming acc€ssion to which the Council
S€cretariat has had access, it would appear that the main points to be included 8re :
(a) A concise description of the Customs Co-operation Council, specifying its membership and
the date on which the muntry ln question joined;
(b) A list of the other Council instruments akeady accepled by the country conc€med:
(c) A concise description of the Nairobi Convention and lts enforcement objectives, together with
a reference to the fact that it comprises 11 Annexes covering assistance in various fields;
(d) A list of the countries which 8re slready Contracting Parties to lhe Nairobi Convention.
tn any event, the Secrelariat is ready to assist any requesting Member State with the
preparation ol briefs on the Nairobi Convention.
Procedures
71
V.
Conclusion ol the accession orocess
The flow-charl (Appendix ll) on the last page is an attempt to outine, in a schematrc
manner, lhe possible stages in lhe process of accession. Of course the number, flow and
sequence of the stages involved will differ from country lo country_ This chart is hcluded in order
to inform any Customs administiaton which is considering lhe preparation of a recommendation
to its govemment to accede to the Convention of the various stages which coutd be applicable in
the counlry concerned. This information will holp to 6cquaint tho Customs 6dministration wilh the
framework within which tho preparatory work is bsing canied out. Customs administrations wjll
lhus be able to follow lhe p.ogress of the preparatory work ln ils various stages, and estimate
when it is likely that the rnst.uments of acc€ssion will be depositod wiih the Secretary General
Appendix I
73
V. APPENDICES
OESCRIPTION
Ann€x I - Asslstance bv a Cusloms adminiskalion on its own initiElive
Contracting Parties who accapt Annex I undertake to cDmmunicale, on their own initiative,
to lhe Customs adminlstrdtion of another Contracling party, any information ava able lo thom
whlch gives good reason to suppose that a sorious Customs offenc€ wl[ be commltted in lhe
ter tory of thal Contracting Party. On a morc geneEl level, Contracling padies undertake to
communic€te to the Customs adminislration of anothor Contracting party that is directly
concemed, any information likely to be of material assistance to it in connection with Customs
offonces which might be committ€d.
Annex ll-
Annex ll deals with assistance in the assessmenl of import or expod duties and taxes. Such
assistance is provided only in response to a request from the Customs administratrcn ol a
contracting Party which has good reason to borieve that a senous cusroms offence has been
commltted In its counrry. The information or documents to be communicated concern, essentialy,
the value of goods for Cusloms purposes, tariff classilication and origin.
Ann6x lll - Assistance. on reouest. rBlatinq to controls
The assistance provided for by Annex lll is supplied only on request. Essentially, it conc€ms
controls on the authenticity of documents and the legality ol import 8hd €xporl operations
Annex lV - Assistance. on reouest. relalino to surveillance
Annex lV provides that, al lhe request of a Contraqting party the Customs administration of
another Contracting Pady shall maintEin special surveillance over the movements of suspects,
the movements of particutar goods which are likely to give rise to ilticit traffic, particular places
where there may be stocks of goods whtch coutd give rise to ticit t€tfic, and suspect vehictes,
ships and aircratt.
Annex V -
Annex V concems enquiries made in a country which is a Contracting party to the
Convention, at the request of the Customs administration of another Conkaaling iarty. Of
course, lhe results of the enquiry, together with any documents or other evidence, Ere
subsequently communicated to the requesting Customs administration. This Annex atso concems
tho nolificaton of actions or decisions taken by the requ€sting Contracting pady when the person
to be notified is rasiding in the lenitory of the requested Contracting party.
Appendix I
74
Annex Vl - appeaEnce bv Customs olllciats beforc a courl or tdbunat abroad
Under the ter.ns of this Annex, lhe Customs administraiion of a Contracling pariy may
request that the Customs administration of another Contracting party authorize its officials t;
appear before a court or tribunal in the ter.ilory of th6 requesling Contracting party, as witnesses
or experts in the matler o[ a Customs offence
However, appearances before courts or tribunals in foreign countries should be the
exception rather than the rule, and should be requosted only when a written stalement lvould not
sutfic€.
Annex Vll Contractrno Partv
Und€r this Ann€x, officials of the Customs admlnistration of a Contracting party may be
outhoriz€d to consull books, registers and olhgr documgnts in the oflicos of the Customs
administration of another Contrac{rng Party.
This Annex also provides for the presonce of foreign investjgative ofticers in connection
with enquiries of concern to a forsign country.
Annex Vlll - Parlicipation in inyestioalions abroad
Annex Vlll goes beyond Anner Vtl in providing for the participation of officials of one
Conlrdcting Party in investigations carded out in th6 ienito.y of anolher.
Annex lX - Poolino of information
This Annex provides for lhe crealion by the Council of a c€ntral index containing information
of intemational interest r€lating to Customs fr6ud. The informEtion contsinsd in this index is
communicaled to the Customs admlnlstrations ol Contl-acling Parties. The Secretary Generat of
the Council is also required to use the informstion contained ln the c€ntral index to prepare
summaries and studios conceming Customs f.aud.
lnformation reported lor inclusion in the cantrsl index may @nc€m persons convicled of
smuggling or, under certain conditions, persons suspected of smuggling, or of Customs fraud
other than smuggling. The info.matpn may also concem legal persons or companies.
lnformalion relating to nethods of smuggling and other fraud, including fraud by foEory,
falsification and countertgitrng, may also be communicaled
Anothor part of the centrat index contains lnformation conceming vsssels of aI lypes that
have been involved in smuggling, provided that the informalion rs ot intemational rnlerest
Annex X Annex X deals specifically with assistance in action againsl the smuggling of narcotic drugs
and psychotropic substances. Where appropriate, it also covers financial-opeiations undertaken
in connection with such smuggling
Appendix I
75
Essentially, this Annex provides for the following assistance measures : exchange of
information by Customs administrations on their own initiativo, assistance, on request, relating to
surveillance (suspects, suspect vehicles, ships, aircraft, etc.): enquiri€s on request on behalf ol
anolher Contraclrng Party: action by Customs otficials of one Contracting party rn the tenitory of
another Contracling Party (appearances before courts or tribunals: preaence or participatio; in
investigations).
The Ann€x Elso provides for the pooling of information conceming narcotic drugs and
psychotropic subslances rn a cenlral index deating essentially with p=ercons convicled
or
suspected ot smuggting, methods ot smuggling narc.tic drugs and psychotropic substances, and
vessels involved in the smuggling of these products.
As Customs administrations arc nol always the only administrations con@m€d with lhe
repression of illicit lratfic in narcotic drugs or psychotropic substancos, the Convention provides
for the establishment of the necessary rerations with the competent bodies of rhe unrted
Nations
and with lcPo/lnterpol. simirariy, co-operarion al nationar rever with other competent authorities
must be safeguarded.
Annex Xlgrooertv
Annex Xl deals specific€lly with assistance ln actjon against the smuggting ol works of art,
antques and other cultural property. lt refers expressly to the UNESCO Convention of 14
Novembe|l970 on the means of prohibiting and provonting the i icit ihport, expo( 6nd kansfer
of ownership of cultural property. Where appopriate, it also applios to financial operations
unde.laken tn connection with the smuggling of the goods concemed.
The assistance provided for by this Annox covers, in particutar exchange of Information by
Customs administrations on lheir own rnitiative; assistance, on requ.sl retaiing to surveiltancei
enquiries on request on behalf of another Contrac{ing party; ac{ion by Customs otfioals of a
Contracting Party in the tenitory of another Contracting party (appearances before courls or
tribunals, participation in investigations); pooling of information concorning bolh persons and
smuggling methods, at the Council's Genelal Secretariat.
Relations with UNESCO and the lnlemational Criminal pollc€ Organization/lnterpot are
taken lnto account.
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D/1999/0448
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