On Public Registry

Law of Georgia

On Public Registry

Article 1. Scope of regulation of the Law🔗

1. This Law determines the organizational-legal grounds for maintaining the Public Registry, and the rights and obligations of the body maintaining the Public Registry – the National Agency of Public Registry, a Legal Entity of Public Law operating in the area of governance of the Ministry of Justice of Georgia (hereinafter – the Agency).

2. This Law shall not apply to legal relations related to the registration of rights to mechanical transport vehicles.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2011 No. 5565 – website, 28.12.2011.

Article 2. Definition of terms used in the Law🔗

For the purposes of this Law, the terms used have the following meaning:

a) immovable thing – a land plot with or without a building or structure located on it, a building or structure (under construction, constructed, or demolished), a unit of a building or structure (under construction, constructed, or demolished), and a linear structure;

a¹) building or structure − a structural system, space created from construction materials and products, which is immovably connected to the ground and is bounded by walls and/or other enclosing structures. A building must create a covered space, while a structure may be covered or without covering. For registration purposes, a building or structure may be under construction, constructed, or demolished;

b) movable thing – any thing that, under the Civil Code of Georgia, is not immovable, except for mechanical transport, aircraft, and floating means;

b¹) economic activity – types of economic activity provided for by the National Classifier of Georgia approved by the Legal Entity of Public Law – National Statistics Service of Georgia;

c) object of registration – an immovable or movable thing, an intangible property asset;

d) linear structure – a communication structure, motor road, railway, all types of pipelines, tunnel, aerial cableway, power transmission line, communication line, funicular, dam, canal;

e) (removed - 25.06.2019, No. 4850);

f) (removed - 25.06.2019, No. 4850);

g) interested person – any natural or legal person, other organizational formation or administrative body whose lawful interest is directly and immediately affected by a decision or action of the Agency;

h) registration – recording in the relevant registry of data on the right defined by this Law on a thing and an intangible property asset, public-law restriction and tax pledge/mortgage, the origin, change and termination of obligations related to the ownership right on an immovable thing, abandonment of the ownership right on an immovable thing, change of the designated purpose of land and of the category of an agricultural land plot, determination of the forest boundary and change therein, the boundaries of a windbreak (field-protective) strip and change therein, numbering of geographic objects and addresses, identification data of the subject and object of a right on a thing and an intangible property asset, mandatory registration data determined by the Law of Georgia "On Entrepreneurs" and the Civil Code of Georgia for entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurial (non-commercial) legal entities, change therein and termination thereof, the origin, change and termination of obligations related to the restriction of the ownership right on partners' shares of a limited liability company and a limited partnership, economic activities, change therein and termination thereof, by adopting a decision on registration;

i) registration proceedings – the activity of the Agency for the purpose of registration;

j) registration document – a legal act which directly gives rise to the right to request registration as defined by this Law;

k) registration documentation – registration and other documents to be submitted to the registering authority for the purpose of registration;

l) superimposition of cadastral data – the identity of the cadastral data of an immovable thing (its part) with the cadastral data of a right-registered immovable thing (its part);

m) authorized person – a natural or legal person authorized by the Agency, on the basis of a contractual relationship, to maintain the public register and/or to access information, who carries out activities under this Law, at his/her own responsibility;

n) lawful holder – an interested person whose registration document, which gives rise to the right to request registration of the right of ownership, was issued, received or drawn up before the registration of the occurrence of attachment or prohibition of disposal on the registration object, and, moreover, the registration document was issued, received or drawn up before the entry into force of this Law, or, despite the attachment or prohibition of disposal, the issuance, receipt or drawing up of the registration document is directly determined by the legislation of Georgia, as well as a person who is the successor of the owner of the object of the public-law restriction defined by this subparagraph;

o) maintenance of the public register – the formation of the registers defined by this Law;

p) fee for services rendered by the Agency – a mandatory amount payable to the Agency's account by a person for services rendered by the Agency in the amount determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia

(by cash or non-cash settlement);

q) extract from the public register – an extract from the register of rights to immovable things, from the register of rights to movable things and intangible property benefits, from the register of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurial (non-commercial) legal entities, or from the register of economic activities;

[ q) extract from the public register – an extract from the register of rights to immovable things, from the register of rights to movable things and intangible property benefits, from the register of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurial (non-commercial) legal entities, from the register of economic activities or from the factoring register; (shall enter into force from 1 January 2027)]

r) notice – information or application submitted for registration regarding the origin of a right to a movable thing and intangible property benefit;

s) access to information – ensuring free familiarization with and issuance of information and documentation kept in the public register and the registering authority.

t) numbering – assignment of a number to a geographical object, apartment or other object existing in a settlement of a municipality using digits and/or letters of the Georgian alphabet;

u) geographical object − an autonomous republic, a municipality, an administrative unit of a municipality, a settlement (city, town, village) and the geographical objects existing therein: a zone, a micro-district, a quarter, another built-up area within a settlement consisting of one or several geographical objects, a street, an avenue (prospect), an alley, a highway, a lane, a dead end, a passage, an embankment, an esplanade, a square, a public garden, a boulevard, a garden, a park, a forest park, a cemetery, a pantheon, a building-structure, a transport system object, a land plot or another object;

v) addressing − a set of works to be performed by the Agency for the purpose of identifying the location of geographical objects and the existing addresses;

w) address – a means of localizing a geographical object, an apartment or another object in space, a unique textual record denoting its location, which is created by means of the letters and numerals of the Georgian alphabet and contains information on the name and/or numbering of the geographical object;

x) (removed on 15.12.2023, No. 4016);

y) person performing cadastral planning/surveying works − a natural person certified by a subject accredited in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of Georgia by the accreditation centre of the Legal Entity of Public Law − the single national accreditation body, who, in accordance with the procedure provided for by this Law, prepares a cadastral planning/surveying drawing;

[z) surveyor of the Agency – a person provided for by subparagraph „y“ of this Article, who is employed at the Agency and carries out topographic, geodetic and cadastral works, including internal planning/surveying works of a building-structure and of a unit of a building-structure. (shall enter into force from 1 June 2026)]

Law of Georgia of 3 November 2009 No. 1962 - LHG I, No. 35, 19.11.2009, Art. 251

Law of Georgia of 11 March 2011 No. 4413 – website, 17.03.2011

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2011 No. 5565 - website, 28.12.2011

Law of Georgia of 25 May 2012 No. 6324 - website, 12.06.2012

Law of Georgia of 3 June 2016 No. 5154 - website, 17.06.2016

Law of Georgia of 24 June 2016 No. 5567 - website, 13.07.2016

Law of Georgia of 25 June 2019 No. 4850 - website, 02.07.2019

Law of Georgia of 22 May 2020 No. 5962 – website, 28.05.2020

Law of Georgia of 2 November 2021 No. 974 – website, 05.11.2021

Law of Georgia of 15 December 2023 No. 4016 - website, 28.12.2023

Law of Georgia of 17 December 2025 No. 1329 - website, 22.12.2025

Law of Georgia of 1 April 2026 No. 1453 – website, 06.04.2026

Article 3. System and Powers of Registering Authorities🔗

1. The maintenance of the public registry and access to information shall be ensured by the Agency, which is a legal entity of public law established on the basis of law and a registering authority exercising the public-law powers determined by this Law.

1¹. The Agency shall be headed by a Chairperson, who shall be appointed to and dismissed from office by the Minister of Justice of Georgia. The powers and structure of the Agency shall be determined by this Law and the Statute of the Agency, which shall be approved by the Minister of Justice of Georgia.

2. The functions of the Agency are:

a) registration;

b) ensuring access to information;

[b¹) performance of topographic, geodetic and cadastral planning/measuring works;

b²) provision of cartographic, photogrammetric and geoinformation services;

b³) supervision of topographic, geodetic, cadastral, cartographic and photogrammetric works; (shall enter into force from 1 June 2026)]

c) development of methodological and guidance instructions for the Agency's territorial registration services and authorized persons;

d) on the basis of a contract concluded between the tax authority and the Agency, performance of certain types of taxpayer services provided for by the tax legislation of Georgia;

e) addressing and numbering of geographical objects located on the territory of Georgia and recording of data on their addresses;

e¹) coordination and monitoring of the creation, functioning and development of the national spatial data infrastructure, as well as exercise of other powers determined by the Law of Georgia "On the National Spatial Data Infrastructure";

f) recording of cadastral data of an immovable thing with unregistered rights in accordance with the rules and conditions established by the instruction "On the Public Registry" approved by the Minister of Justice of Georgia (hereinafter − the Instruction);

f¹) consideration of cases of administrative offences provided for by the Law of Georgia "On Entrepreneurs" and Articles 177¹⁶ and 177¹⁷ of the Code of Administrative Offences of Georgia, adoption of relevant legal acts and their enforcement;

g) exercise of other powers provided for by the legislation of Georgia.

3. The Agency shall exercise its powers directly or through its territorial registration services and authorized persons.

3¹. The powers of the Agency provided for by the legislation of Georgia may

be exercised by an administrative body on the basis of a contract concluded with the Agency or a legal act of the Minister of Justice of Georgia.

4. For the purpose of maintaining the public registry and ensuring access to information, the Agency shall use software and automated management tools.

5. Registration on the basis of documentation received through the use of the electronic document exchange system for tax lien/mortgage and public-law restrictions imposed by courts or other administrative bodies may be carried out on the basis of a memorandum concluded between the Agency and the court or the relevant administrative body.

6. The registering body and its employee shall not be liable for the authenticity of the registration documentation submitted. They shall be liable only for the consistency and security of the registered data and of the registration or other documentation kept with them.

6¹. The registering body shall be entitled, in compliance with the requirements of the legislation of Georgia, to specify, amend, declare invalid or declare void the incorrect or inconsistent data registered in the Registry of Rights to Immovable Things and to ensure the involvement of all interested persons in the administrative proceedings initiated for this purpose.

6². The registering body shall be entitled to verify the accuracy of the data of the cadastral survey/measurement drawing submitted to the Agency and their compliance with the data registered in the public registry.

7. The registering body shall be entitled to certify copies of legal acts and other documents issued by it, as well as of registration and other documentation kept with it, if the content of the original and of the copy correspond to each other.

8. A copy of a document certified by the registering body shall have official force and shall confirm its identity with the original.

9. The rules and conditions for the use of automated management tools, as well as the rules and conditions for the certification of a document, shall be determined by an instruction.

[9¹. The conditions for the performance by the Agency of topographic, geodetic and cadastral survey/measurement works, for the provision of cartographic, photogrammetric and geoinformation services, as well as for the supervision of topographic, geodetic, cadastral, cartographic and photogrammetric works shall be determined by an instruction. (Shall enter into force from 1 June 2026)]

10. The rates of the fee for services rendered by the Agency, the time limits for the services, as well as the rules and conditions for the payment of the fee, exemption from payment and refund of the fee paid shall be determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

Law of Georgia No. 3888 of 7 December 2010 – LHG I, No. 67, 09.12.2010, Art. 416

Law of Georgia No. 4208 of 2 2 February 2011 – website, 10.03.2011.

Law of Georgia No. 5565 of 20 December 2011 – website, 28.12.2011.

Law of Georgia No. 6324 of 25 May 2012 – website, 12.06.2012.

Law of Georgia No. 5036 of 27 April 2016 – website, 13.05.2016.

Law of Georgia No. 5154 of 3 June 2016 – website, 17.06.2016.

Law of Georgia No. 891 of 2 August 2021 – website, 04.08.2021.

Law of Georgia No. 3706 of 16 November 2023 – website, 05.12.2023.

Law of Georgia No. 1329 of 17 December 2025 – website, 22.12.2025.

Article 4. Structure of the Public Registry🔗

1. The Public Registry is a set of the registries of rights to immovable things, public-law restrictions, tax pledge/mortgage, rights to movable things and intangible property, entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurial (non-commercial) legal entities, addresses, and economic activities.

[ 1. The Public Registry is a set of the Registry of Rights to Immovable Things, the Registry of Public-Law Restrictions, the Registry of Tax Pledge/Mortgage, the Registry of Rights to Movable Things and Intangible Property, the Registry of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities, the Address Registry, the Registry of Economic Activities, and the Factoring Registry. (shall enter into force from 1 January 2027)]

2. The Registry of Rights to Immovable Things is a set of data on a right to immovable things, obligations related to the ownership right to immovable things, their modification and termination, as well as the arising of abandonment of the ownership right to immovable things.

3. The Registry of Public-Law Restrictions is a set of data on the imposition of seizure, restriction on disposal of a right and prohibition, as well as prohibition of registration, imposed by a court or other administrative bodies on a thing and intangible property in accordance with the procedure established by law, and on their modification and termination.

4. The Registry of Tax Pledge/Mortgage is a set of data on the creation, modification and termination of a tax pledge/mortgage right over a thing (except a mechanical vehicle) and intangible property.

5. The Registry of Rights to Movable Things and Intangible Property is a set of data on the registration of rights to movable things and intangible property, modification in a registered right and termination of a right.

6. The Registry of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities is a set of data on the mandatory registration data of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurial (non-commercial) legal entities determined by the Law of Georgia on Entrepreneurs and the Civil Code of Georgia, their modification and termination.

7. The Address Registry is a set of data on the addresses of geographical objects located in the territory of Georgia.

8. The Registry of Economic Activities is a set of data on registered economic activities, their modification and termination, as well as on the place (address) of economic activity.

[ 9. The Factoring Registry is a set of data on the registration of mandatory registration data of factoring determined by the Law of Georgia on Factoring, making changes therein and termination thereof. (shall enter into force from 1 January 2027)]

Law of Georgia of 25 May 2012 No. 6324 - website, 12 June 2012.

Law of Georgia of 3 June 2016 No. 5154 - website, 17 June 2016.

Law of Georgia of 24 June 2016 No. 5567 - website, 13 July 2016.

Law of Georgia of 1 April 2026 No. 1453 – website, 06.04.2026.

Article 5. Presumption of accuracy of data registered in the Public Register🔗

A presumption of accuracy shall apply to data registered in the Public Register until they are declared invalid, void, or non-existent in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.

Article 6. Access to information🔗

1. Data registered in the Public Register and documentation kept in the registering authority shall be public and accessible for review by any person, except for cases established by the legislation of Georgia.

2. Reclaiming of the original of documentation kept in the registering authority, which was submitted to the Public Register for registration or another purpose and in respect of which the registering authority has adopted a decision on suspension of registration proceedings, refusal to satisfy the request, or termination of registration proceedings, may be carried out by the applicant or a person authorized by him/her for that purpose, as well as, in cases established by the legislation of Georgia, by another person or an administrative body on the basis of a relevant act of a court.

3. Reclaiming of the original or a copy of documentation kept in the registering authority, as well as of any document created by it as a result of registration, shall not suspend the operation of the registered data and shall not prohibit the issuance, on their basis, of an extract from the Public Register or another document or information.

4. The procedure and conditions for review of information and documentation kept in the registering authority and for reclaiming their originals or copies shall be determined by an instruction.

5. The restrictions defined by paragraph 2 of this Article shall not apply to cases of return by the Agency, for the purpose of arranging archival material, in cases provided for by an order of the Chairperson of the Agency, to the applicant or a person authorized by him/her for that purpose.

Article 6¹. Rule for making a decision related to access to information🔗

1. Upon a request for the issuance of information, the registering authority shall set the interested person a 30-day period for the submission of additional information or document, if:

a) the content of the request cannot be ascertained or the requested information cannot be identified;

b) the application does not have attached to it a document or information provided for by this Law and by the legislation of Georgia;

c) there exists another case provided for by the legislation of Georgia.

2. Where, upon a request for the issuance of information, the interested person is set a period for the submission of additional information or document, the running of the period for consideration of the application shall be deemed suspended. A relevant decision of a court or another authorised person/body shall also constitute grounds for suspending the running of the period for consideration of the application. The running of the said period shall be resumed only where the requested information or document is submitted and/or the ground for suspending the running of the period for consideration of the application is eliminated.

3. Where the interested person fails to submit the requested information or document during the time for which the running of the period for consideration of the information or document provided for by paragraph 1 of this Article is suspended, the application shall remain unconsidered.

4. The grounds for refusal to issue information shall be determined by this Law, by the instruction and in the manner established by the legislation of Georgia.

5. (removed – 20.12.2011, No. 5565).

6. In the case of refusal to issue information, of setting a period for the submission of additional information or document, of resumption of the running of the period for consideration of the application and of leaving an application for the issuance of information unconsidered, the registering authority shall adopt an appropriate decision.

7. The decision of the registering authority on refusal to issue information, on setting a period for the submission of additional information or document, on resumption of the running of the period for consideration of the application and on leaving an application for the issuance of information unconsidered may be appealed in the manner established by the legislation of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 3 November 2009 No. 1962 – LHG I, No. 35, 19.11.2009, Art. 251

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2011 No. 5565 – website, 28.12.2011

Article 7. General principles of the maintenance of and access to the public registry🔗

1. The Agency is entitled to store and issue, in the form of an electronic copy, any document created by it or kept with it.

2. (removed – 21.04.2017, No. 646).

3. The Agency is entitled to receive, issue or provide any information and/or document using unified automated management tools. In such case, the application and the attached data may be submitted, and the document may also be issued, through any territorial registration service or an authorised person.

4. Data in a document issued or provided by the Agency may be entered by mechanical and/or electronic means.

Law of Georgia of 21 April 2017 No. 646 – website, 10.05.2017

Article 8. Registration proceedings and their initiation🔗

1. The basis for initiating registration proceedings is an application or a decision adopted by an authorized body.

2. The application shall be accompanied by the registration documentation and information determined by the instruction.

2¹. (Removed – 22.02.2011, No. 4208).

3. The registering body is entitled in a specific case to additionally request the submission of any document or information related to the registration proceedings that is necessary for adopting a decision on the matter requested by the application.

Law of Georgia of 23 March 2010 No. 2800 - LHG I, No. 14, 30.03.2010, Art. 86

Law of Georgia of 10 December 2010 No. 3966 - LHG I, No. 74, 24.12.2010, Art. 447

Law of Georgia of 2² February 2011 No. 4208 – website, 10.03.2011.

Article 9. General principles of registration🔗

1. Registration is carried out on the basis of directly registration or other documents, as well as properly created electronic copies of this documentation.

2. The registering body confirms the submission of the application by registering the electronic or paper version of the application in the registration book of applications and assigning a registration number to it. A precondition for processing an application submitted using an automated management tool is the payment of the registration fee.

3. As a result of registration, the registering body prepares an extract, and in the case of registration in the register of rights to immovable things of the right of ownership to an immovable thing not registered as a right of ownership, as well as of a change of cadastral data – additionally a cadastral plan. This rule shall not apply to cases of registration of a public-law restriction and tax lien/mortgage, as well as registration of a right to a movable thing and an intangible property benefit.

Law of Georgia of 27 April 2010 No. 2980 - LHG I, No. 24, 10.05.2010, Art. 146

Article 10. Extract from the Public Registry🔗

1. An extract from the Register of Rights in Immovable Things shall be prepared on the basis of the unified data bank of the data of the Register of Rights in Immovable Things, the Register of Public-Law Restrictions, the Register of Tax Pledges/Mortgages and the Register of Debtors, and shall reflect, as at the moment of its preparation, the data registered in these registers and in force concerning the immovable thing.

2. An extract from the Register of Rights in Movable Things and Intangible Property Benefits shall be prepared on the basis of the unified data bank of the data of the Register of Rights in Movable Things and Intangible Property Benefits, the Register of Public-Law Restrictions, the Register of Tax Pledges/Mortgages, the Register of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities and the Register of Debtors, and shall reflect, as at the moment of its preparation, the data registered in these registers and in force.

2¹. An extract from the Register of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities shall be prepared on the basis of the unified data bank of the data of the Register of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities, the Register of Public-Law Restrictions, the Register of Tax Pledges/Mortgages, the Register of Rights in Movable Things and Intangible Property Benefits and the Register of Debtors, and shall reflect the data registered in these registers and in force concerning the subject. In the case of a limited liability company or a limited partnership, the said extract shall also contain information on the obligations related to the restriction of the right of ownership over the partners' shares. In the case provided for by paragraph 2 of Article 20¹ of this Law, the extract from the Register of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities shall also contain data on the status of a special claimant.

2². An extract from the Register of Economic Activities shall be prepared on the basis of the Register of Economic Activities and the Register of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities and shall reflect the data registered in these registers and in force concerning the subject.

2³. An extract from the Register of Economic Activities shall be prepared in the Georgian language and, at the request of an interested person, also in the English language. Where this extract is prepared in the English language, its preparation in the Georgian language shall also be mandatory.

[ 2⁴. An extract from the Register of Factoring shall be prepared on the basis of the unified data base of the Register of Factoring, the Register of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities, the Register of Public-Law Restrictions and the Register of Tax Pledges/Mortgages and of the Legal Entity of Public Law – Revenue Service (hereinafter – the Revenue Service), and shall reflect, as at the moment of its preparation, the data registered/recorded in these registers and the unified data base and in force. (shall enter into force from 1 January 2027)]

3. An extract from the Public Registry shall be issued to any person and shall be prepared together with the decision on registration and, where the registered data exist, upon payment of the relevant fee.

4. When carrying out a transaction and other legal act in respect of an immovable thing, except for the establishment of the right of inheritance, the authority of an interested person in respect thereof shall be established only by an extract from the public registry.

5. The content and form of an extract from the public registry shall be determined by an instruction.

Law of Georgia of 3 November 2009 No. 1962 – LHG I, No. 35, 19.11.2009, Art. 251

Law of Georgia of 25 May 2012 No. 6324 – website, 12.06.2012

Law of Georgia of 3 June 2016 No. 5154 – website, 17.06.2016

Law of Georgia of 24 June 2016 No. 5567 – website, 13.07.2016

Law of Georgia of 14 July 2020 No. 6840 – website, 28.07.2020

Law of Georgia of 2 August 2021 No. 891 – website, 04.08.2021

Law of Georgia of 1 April 2026 No. 1453 – website, 06.04.2026

Article 11. Rights and obligations subject to registration in the Registry of Rights on Immovable Things🔗

1. The following shall be registered in the Registry of Rights on Immovable Things:

a) ownership;

b) construction, encumbrance of the right of construction with a mortgage;

c) usufruct;

d) servitude;

e) mortgage;

f) lease, sublease;

g) usufructuary lease, sub-usufructuary lease;

h) loan for use;

i) leasing;

j) rights related to use and possession provided for by public law;

k) obligations related to the right of ownership on an immovable thing, including the privatisation conditions of an immovable thing disposed of by the State, an autonomous republic and/or a municipality;

l) the right of preferential purchase by State and municipal bodies;

m) the right of preferential purchase.

2. In the Registry of Rights on Immovable Things, in addition to the data on the registered right, the identification data of the subject and the object of the right shall also be entered, including the cadastral data of the immovable thing.

3. The registration of the rights provided for by subparagraphs „b“–„k“ of paragraph 1 of this Article may be effected only if the right of ownership on the immovable thing is registered in the Registry of Rights on Immovable Things.

4. The data registered on the rights provided for by subparagraphs „b“–„j“ of paragraph 1 of this Article, as well as on the privatisation conditions of an immovable thing disposed of by the State, an autonomous republic and/or a municipality, shall pass unchanged to the new owner, except for the cases determined by the legislation of Georgia.

4¹. A limited right on an immovable thing shall be registered together with the corresponding restriction/obligation.

4². When registering the right of ownership on an unregistered immovable thing or a part thereof, information on the cadastral data of which is recorded in the registering body, the corresponding cadastral data of the immovable thing shall be registered in the Registry of Rights on Immovable Things in accordance with the documentation provided for by the instruction and submitted by the interested person.

5. For the rights provided for by subparagraphs „ a“–„e“ of paragraph 1 of this Article, and, on the basis of transactions concluded with the participation of a legal entity of private law for a term of more than 1 year (including transactions the total term of which exceeds 1 year), also for the origination of the rights provided for by subparagraphs „f“–„i“ and „k“ of paragraph 1 of this Article, their registration in the public registry shall be necessary.

6. The rule for the registration of a mortgage certificate shall be determined by the instruction.

Law of Georgia of 27 April 2010 No. 2980 - LHG I, No. 24, 10.05.2010, Art. 146

Law of Georgia of 7 December 2010 No. 3888 - LHG I, No. 67, 09.12.2010, Art. 416

Law of Georgia of 22 February 2011 No. 4208 – website, 10.03.2011

Law of Georgia of 3 June 2016 No. 5154 - website, 17.06.2016

Law of Georgia of 20 July 2018 No. 3223 – website, 13.08.2018

Law of Georgia of 25 June 2019 No. 4850 - website, 02.07.2019

Law of Georgia of 15 December 2023 No. 4016 - website, 28.12.2023

Article 11¹. Responsibility for the identification of an immovable thing and for the accuracy of the cadastral planning/surveying drawing🔗

1. The owner/lawful possessor of the immovable thing shall be responsible for identifying the location and boundary of the immovable thing for the purpose of drawing up the cadastral planning/surveying drawing.

2. The person performing the cadastral planning/surveying works shall be responsible for the complete performance of the cadastral planning/surveying works and for the correctness of the data of the cadastral planning/surveying drawing.

Law of Georgia of 3 June 2016 No. 5154 – website, 17.06.2016.

Article 11². Obligation of the person performing the planning/surveying works🔗

1. The person performing the cadastral planning/surveying works shall be obliged to draw up the cadastral planning/surveying drawing to be submitted for the registration of a right/obligation in the public registry in accordance with the procedure for the performance and documentation of the cadastral planning/surveying works of a land plot determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia, which also determines the procedure for the suspension and revocation of the certificate of the person performing the cadastral planning/surveying works for the performance of the cadastral planning/surveying works in violation of the requirements of the legislation of Georgia.

2. The procedure for the performance and documentation of the internal surveying works of a building-structure and of a unit of a building-structure shall be approved by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 3 June 2016 No. 5154 – website, 17.06.2016.

Law of Georgia of 15 December 2023 No. 4016 – website, 28.12.2023.

Article 11³. Registration of a right to an agricultural land plot🔗

1. Registration of a right to an agricultural land plot shall be carried out in accordance with this Law, taking into account the requirements defined by the Organic Law of Georgia "On Ownership of Agricultural Land" and other legislative and subordinate normative acts of Georgia.

2. When registering the ownership right of a private law legal entity registered in Georgia to an agricultural land plot, if the data on the partner (partners) of this legal entity is not established or is incomplete by the records of the Register of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities, documentation on the partners, drawn up in the proper manner, establishing the dominant partner, shall be submitted to the registering body. This obligation shall also apply to the case of registration of a mortgage right or of an obligation related to the ownership right on an agricultural land plot which provides for the origin of the ownership right to this land plot.

3. When registering the ownership right, the mortgage right or an obligation related to the ownership right which provides for the origin of the ownership right to this land plot, of an organizational formation that is not a legal entity, to an agricultural land plot, documentation drawn up in the proper manner on the members of the organizational formation shall be submitted to the registering body.

4. Responsibility for the correctness of the data submitted to the registering body in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article shall be borne by the person compiling them. Submission of incorrect information may become grounds for cancellation of the registration of the ownership right.

5. When registering the right of a private law legal entity registered in Georgia to an agricultural land plot, if there is a plurality of partners who, in turn, are private law legal entities registered in Georgia (regardless of their legal form), the applicant may be required to submit information on the dominant partner, which shall be determined by an instruction.

6. The obligation to submit the data provided for by this Article shall not be borne by a financial institution defined by the legislation of Georgia and an international financial institution defined by a resolution of the Government of Georgia, if the registration of a right to an agricultural land plot is carried out within the framework of the implementation of an activity permitted by the legislation of Georgia by a financial institution and an international financial institution defined by the legislation of Georgia (including in the case of acquisition of the object of security by the creditor), as well as by a private law legal entity registered in Georgia, if the ownership right to agricultural land is registered on the basis of an investment plan (agreement).

Law of Georgia of 25 June 2019 No. 4850 – website, 02.07.2019.

Article 12. Preliminary registration of a right in an immovable thing🔗

1. In order to ensure the registration of a right in an immovable thing, the preliminary registration of this right in the Registry of Rights in Immovable Things may be carried out, under the procedure established by this Law, on the basis of a contract concluded between the parties.

1¹. The preliminary registration of a right in an agricultural land plot shall be carried out in accordance with this Law, taking into account the requirements defined by the Organic Law of Georgia “On Ownership of Agricultural Land” and other legislative and subordinate normative acts of Georgia.

2. Preliminary registration of a right in an immovable thing excludes the registration of any other right in this thing on the basis of a transaction and the registration of abandonment of the right of ownership, unless otherwise provided by agreement of the parties.

3. Preliminary registration of a right in an immovable thing does not exclude the registration of a legal successor as the owner of this thing.

4. Preliminary registration of a right in an immovable thing shall be terminated:

a) by the registration of the right to secure which the preliminary registration was made;

b) by the expiry of the term, if a term was established;

c) on the basis of a written agreement of the parties;

d) by the registration of the right of ownership of another person in this thing under the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, except for the registration of a legal successor as the owner of the said thing, as well as the case where, upon termination of the right of ownership, this thing remains without an owner.

Law of Georgia of 3 June 2016 No. 5154 – website, 17.06.2016.

Law of Georgia of 25 June 2019 No. 4850 – website, 02.07.2019.

Article 13. Order of registration of rights and of registered rights🔗

1. If the registration of several rights which by their content are mutually exclusive is requested in respect of a registration object, then only the right or rights which were submitted for registration earlier than the other right or rights shall be registered.

2. If the registration of several rights of the same content which are not mutually exclusive is requested in respect of a registration object, then the order of registration of these rights shall be determined according to the time of their submission for registration.

3. If the registration of several rights of different content which are not mutually exclusive is requested in respect of a registration object, then the order of registration of the rights submitted for registration shall be determined according to their content.

4. The order of registered rights shall be determined according to the time of submission of the application for registration of the right (registration of the application), unless otherwise provided by law.

Article 14. Registration of abandonment of the right of ownership over an immovable thing🔗

1. The abandonment of the right of ownership over an immovable thing shall also be registered in the register of rights over immovable things.

2. Registration of the abandonment of the right of ownership over an immovable thing shall be permitted only if, at the moment of the request for registration of the abandonment of the right of ownership, no other right whatsoever, apart from the right of ownership, is registered in the register of rights over immovable things in respect of the immovable thing.

3. The right of ownership over an immovable thing shall be considered abandoned from the moment of registration of the abandonment of the right of ownership in the register of rights over immovable things.

4. After the abandonment of the right of ownership over an immovable thing, the right of ownership passes to the State.

Article 15. Registration of the designation of a land plot and of the category of a land plot of agricultural designation and their change🔗

1. A land plot shall be registered as a land plot of agricultural or non-agricultural designation, and a land plot of agricultural designation shall be registered as a land plot of agricultural designation of the corresponding category, in accordance with the document confirming the right. If the document confirming the right does not specify, or it does not follow from its content, the designation of the land plot and/or the category of the land plot of agricultural designation, registration shall be carried out on the basis of additionally submitted information on the designation of the land plot and/or the category of the land plot of agricultural designation or on the basis of an application of an interested person.

2. The following shall be registered in the register of rights over immovable things:

a) change of a land plot from agricultural designation to non-agricultural designation or change from non-agricultural designation to agricultural designation;

b) change of the category of a land plot of agricultural designation.

3. The rules and conditions for registration of the change of the designation of a land plot and of the category of a land plot of agricultural designation, as well as the time limits of the registration proceedings for a change of the designation of a land plot, shall be determined by the instruction.

Law of Georgia of 24 June 2011 No. 4947 – website, 13.07.2011.

Law of Georgia of 3 June 2016 No. 5154 – website, 17.06.2016.

Law of Georgia of 25 June 2019 No. 4850 – website, 02.07.2019.

Article 15¹. Registration of the determination of the forest boundary and of changes thereto. Registration of the boundaries of windbreak (field-protective) strips and of changes thereto🔗

1. The registration of the determination of the boundary of a state forest or a privately owned forest shall be carried out by the Agency on the basis of the respective act of the Government of Georgia, while the registration of changes thereto — in accordance with the rules established by paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article.

2. A change of the state forest boundary shall be carried out by correction of the boundary.

3. The correction of the state forest boundary shall be registered on the basis of an application of the property manager defined by the Law of Georgia "On State Property".

4. The correction of the forest boundary may be carried out on the basis of an application of the owner or lawful possessor of the respective land plot, if the registration document which gives rise to the right to request registration of the ownership right over the land plot was issued, received or drawn up before 1 January 2012. Within the framework of the systematic registration provided for by the Law of Georgia "On the Rules of Systematic and Sporadic Registration of Rights over Land Plots and on the Improvement of Cadastral Data", the correction of the forest boundary may also be carried out on the basis of an application of the possessor (user) of the respective land plot, if as a result of the registration proceedings it is established that the land plot subject to registration meets the conditions defined by the legislation of Georgia for the recognition of the ownership right over a land plot arbitrarily occupied by a natural person.

5. The registration of the boundaries of windbreak (field-protective) strips and of changes thereto shall be carried out by the Agency on the basis of an application of the Legal Entity of Public Law operating in the field of governance of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture of Georgia — the National Agency of Sustainable Land Management and Land Use Monitoring. This application must be accompanied by the consent of the owner of the respective land plot or part thereof. The registration of the boundaries of a windbreak (field-protective) strip does not suspend the registration of any other right or obligation over an immovable thing.

Law of Georgia of 24 June 2011 No. 4947 – website, 13.07.2011.

Law of Georgia of 3 June 2016 No. 5154 - website, 17.06.2016.

Law of Georgia of 22 May 2020 No. 5962 – website, 28.05.2020.

Law of Georgia of 2 November 2021 No. 974 – website, 05.11.2021.

Law of Georgia of 15 December 2021 No. 1101 – website, 24.12.2021.

Article 15². (Removed)🔗

Law of Georgia of 25 May 2012 No. 6324 - website, 12.06.2012.

Law of Georgia of 3 June 2016 No. 5154 - website, 17.06.2016.

Article 15³. Registration of the right of preferential purchase by state and municipal bodies🔗

1. The Agency shall carry out the registration of the right of preferential purchase by an authorised administrative body on the basis of a legal act issued in accordance with Article 50 of the Code of Georgia on Spatial Planning, Architectural and Construction Activities.

2. Where a registration of the right of preferential purchase exists, if the owner of immovable property intends to alienate this property to another person, he/she shall additionally submit to the Agency a document from the relevant administrative body confirming refusal to exercise the right of preferential purchase, or provide written information to the effect that no decision of the administrative body on the exercise of this right was provided to him/her within the stipulated period.

3. If there is no relevant written document of the administrative body, the Agency shall additionally examine the grounds for the exercise of the right of preferential purchase. In the event of a negative response being given by the administrative body within 10 working days or of a failure to respond, the registration of the right of preferential purchase shall be cancelled and registration of the right of ownership in favour of the acquirer shall be carried out.

4. The registration of the right of preferential purchase, except in the case provided for by paragraph 3 of this Article, shall also be cancelled if the administrative body cancels the relevant administrative act or makes an amendment to it. In such a case, the administrative body shall be obliged to immediately notify the Agency of the cancellation of the registration of the right of preferential purchase.

Law of Georgia of 20 July 2018 No. 3223 – website, 13.08.2018.

Article 15⁴. Registration of the division of a land plot/merger of land plots🔗

The Agency shall carry out the registration of the division of a land plot/merger of land plots on the basis of a project for the division of a land plot/merger of land plots agreed with the relevant municipal body. This project must comply with other requirements established by Article 70 of the Code of Georgia on Spatial Planning, Architectural and Construction Activities, as well as by other legislative and subordinate normative acts of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 20 July 2018 No. 3223 – website, 13.08.2018.

Article 15⁵. Registration of the pre-emptive purchase right of a co-owner/lessee🔗

1. In accordance with Article 10 of the Law of Georgia "On Determining the Purpose of Land and Sustainable Management of Agricultural Land", on the basis of an application of a co-owner/lessee, the pre-emptive purchase right shall be registered in the register of rights to immovable things.

2. The interested person shall submit to the Agency a registered letter by which the relevant notice was sent, and a document confirming delivery of the notice, which establishes the date of its delivery, and, in the event of an agreement of the parties on another procedure for delivery of the notice − duly certified relevant documentation.

3. The pre-emptive purchase right of the co-owner/lessee shall be registered for the term indicated in the relevant notice, which shall be counted from the second day after the day of delivery of the notice, and in the case of publication of information − from the second day after the day of its publication. If the exact term cannot be determined by the notice, the term shall be considered to be 15 calendar days. Expiry of the term shall result in the loss of force of the decision on registration of the said right.

4. In accordance with paragraph 5 of Article 10 of the Law of Georgia "On Determining the Purpose of Land and Sustainable Management of Agricultural Land", the registering body shall publish information on the relevant website of the Agency, if the documentation submitted by the obligated person establishes that the notice was not delivered to the person holding the pre-emptive purchase right at the registration address existing in Georgia, and in the event of an agreement of the parties on another procedure for delivery of the notice − the submitted documentation establishes that the notice was not delivered to the said person in accordance with the agreed procedure. The registering body shall also publish information on the Agency's website if the registration address of the person holding the pre-emptive purchase right existing in Georgia cannot be determined or the exact identification of this person cannot be made based on the data kept in the public register.

5. The registering body shall not be liable for the authenticity and accuracy of the documentation submitted by the interested person in accordance with this Article.

Law of Georgia of 25 June 2019 No. 4850 - website, 02.07.2019.

Article 15⁶. Rule for the Registration of the Right of Ownership in a Building or Its Unit🔗

1. Registration of the right of ownership in a building or its unit (including a building under construction) shall be carried out on the basis of a document confirming the right and construction documentation determined by the legislation of Georgia, and upon completion of construction – on the basis of a document confirming the recognition of the building as suitable (putting into operation). Registration of the right of ownership in a building or its unit shall also be permissible if the building or its unit has been legalized or is considered lawful in accordance with the legislation of Georgia.

2. If registration of the right of ownership in a building or its unit is requested and the construction documentation determined by the legislation of Georgia or a document confirming the recognition of the building as suitable (putting into operation), or a legalization act, has not been submitted for registration, or the building or its unit is not considered lawful in accordance with the legislation of Georgia, the right of ownership in such building or its unit shall not be subject to registration. If the applicant is the owner of the land plot or has a document confirming the right to the land plot, an information card from the Public Registry shall be issued in respect of the building actually located on the land plot, and this building shall not be reflected in the extract from the Public Registry and in the cadastral plan.

3. The Agency shall, immediately upon issuing an information card in respect of the building or its unit provided for by paragraph 2 of this article, provide the relevant information to the administrative body of the relevant municipality authorized to issue a construction permit and/or to the public construction supervision body, and in the case of an object of special importance – to the Legal Entity of Public Law within the system of the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia – the Technical and Construction Supervision Agency.

4. A building may be a single object of right or consist of more than one separate object of right (unit). In a building, interconnected areas combined into one system may be registered as a separate object of right (unit).

5. Alienation of a unit of a building shall be permissible after registration of the right of ownership in the Registry of Rights over Immovable Things in respect of it as a separate object of right (unit).

6. Registration of the division of a building into separate objects of right (units)/distribution of areas shall be the basis for registration of a change in the right of ownership registered in respect of the corresponding land plot. In this case, the right of co-ownership of the owners of the separate objects of right (units) of the building shall be registered in respect of the land plot. The share of a separate object of right (unit) in the said land plot shall be determined by the ratio of the area of the separate object of right (unit) to the total area of the corresponding building.

7. Registration of the division of a building or structure or its unit into separate objects of right (units) or their consolidation into a single object of right, as well as registration of a change of functional purpose, shall be carried out on the basis of construction documentation, a document confirming recognition of the building or structure as fit (acceptance into operation), a legalization act and/or a document confirming the relevant right. If the documents provided for by this paragraph are not kept/submitted in the Agency, registration of the division of a building or structure or its unit into separate objects of right (units) or their consolidation into a single object of right, as well as registration of a change of functional purpose, shall be permissible on the basis of a project for the division of the building or structure, their consolidation, or change of functional purpose agreed with the administrative body of the relevant municipality authorized to issue construction permits, and in the case of an object of special importance – with a legal entity of public law within the system of the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia – the Technical and Construction Supervision Agency. This project shall comply with the requirements established by Articles 70 and 79 of the Spatial Planning, Architectural and Construction Activities Code of Georgia, as well as other requirements established by other legislative and subordinate normative acts of Georgia, and in the case of an object of special importance – the requirements of Resolution No. 257 of the Government of Georgia of 31 May 2019 “On the Rules for Issuing Construction Permits and Permit Conditions for Objects of Special Importance (Including Radiation or Nuclear Objects)”.

8. If registration of the right of ownership to a building or structure or its unit is requested and the functional purpose of the building or structure is not established by construction documentation, a document confirming recognition of the building or structure as fit (acceptance into operation), a legalization act and/or a document confirming the relevant right, or information kept in the Agency, registration of the right of ownership shall be carried out in accordance with the functional purpose indicated by the interested person.

9. Registration in the Register of Rights to Immovable Things shall be subject to such an obligation related to the right of ownership to an immovable thing that arises within the framework of a contractual or statutory relationship and:

a) restricts the owner's right to freely possess, dispose of and/or use the immovable thing registered under his/her right of ownership;

b) in the event of violation of which the owner shall fully or partially lose the right of ownership or his/her right to freely possess, dispose of and/or use the immovable thing registered under his/her right of ownership shall be restricted.

10. If, on the basis of construction documentation, no building/structure under construction is registered on a land plot, the registration on this land plot of such an obligation related to the right of ownership as provides for the transfer of the right of ownership to a building/structure or its unit to be constructed in the future on the said land plot shall be permissible if the conditions for construction use have been issued for the land plot.

11. If an information card has been issued in respect of a building/structure or its unit located on a land plot in accordance with the procedure established by paragraph 2 of this article, it shall be inadmissible to register on this land plot such an obligation related to the right of ownership as provides for the transfer of the right of ownership to a unit of an existing building/structure.

12. The operation of this article shall not extend to the registration of a building/structure or its unit in the ownership of the state, an autonomous republic and/or a municipality, as well as to the registration of the privatisation conditions of property disposed of by the state, an autonomous republic and/or a municipality.

Law of Georgia of 15 December 2023 No. 4016 – website, 28.12.2023.

Article 16. Rights subject to registration in the registry of rights in movable things and intangible property benefits🔗

1. The following shall be registered in the registry of rights in movable things and intangible property benefits:

a) pledge;

b) leasing;

c) bank guarantee;

d) only that financial pledge the object of which is a credit claim in accordance with subparagraph "d" of paragraph 2 of Article 8 of the Law of Georgia "On Financial Pledge, Netting and Derivatives";

e) the collateral assets provided for by subparagraph "a" of paragraph 1 and subparagraph "c" of paragraph 6 of Article 3 of the Law of Georgia "On Mortgage-Secured Bonds".

2. For the origin of the pledge right provided for by subparagraph "a" of paragraph 1 of this article, registration of this right in the public registry shall be necessary.

3. The right of pledge over the shares of partners of a limited liability company and a limited partnership shall be registered in the registry of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurial (non-commercial) legal entities.

Law of Georgia of 7 December 2010 No. 3888 – LHG I, No. 67, 09.12.2010, Art. 416

Law of Georgia of 25 May 2012 No. 6309 – website, 12.06.2012.

Law of Georgia of 25 May 2012 No. 6324 – website, 12.06.2012.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5683 – website, 31.12.2019.

Law of Georgia of 29 November 2022 No. 2120 – website, 16.12.2022.

Article 17. Grounds for registration🔗

1. Registration of the origin of a right, change in a right and/or termination of a right in a movable thing and an intangible property benefit shall be carried out on the basis of a notice (information and/or document) submitted by the applicant or other information and/or document defined by the instruction.

2. The registering authority shall be obliged, immediately upon registration of an application for registration of a right in a movable thing and an intangible property benefit, to adopt the corresponding decision without delay.

3. The rule for submitting the data to be presented as grounds for registration shall be defined by the instruction.

4. The registering authority shall not be liable for a person's authority to request registration of a right, change in a right and/or termination of a right in a movable thing and an intangible property benefit and/or for the authenticity of the notice and data submitted by him/her.

Article 18. Obligation of notice regarding the request for registration of a right in the register of rights in movable things and intangible property benefits🔗

A creditor or debtor submitting an application requesting registration of a right on the basis of a notice, registration of a change in a registered right or registration of termination of a registered right shall be obliged to notify the other party of the information on registration within one week from the registration.

Article 19. Registry of public-law restriction🔗

1. The registry of public-law restriction is a set of data on the origin, change and termination of attachment, restriction of the right of disposal and prohibition, as well as prohibition of registration, imposed on a thing and an intangible property benefit by a court or other administrative bodies in accordance with the procedure established by law.

2. Registration of a public-law restriction on a thing and an intangible property benefit excludes the registration of any other right/obligation or abandonment of the right of ownership on this thing and intangible property benefit, unless otherwise provided by the respective registration document.

3. The restriction defined by paragraph 2 of this Article (taking into account its content) shall not apply to the case where:

a) the person interested in registration is the legal successor of the owner of the thing/intangible property benefit or of the person holding a registered right/obligation on this thing/intangible property benefit;

b) the registration document is an act of a court (arbitration) that has entered into legal force;

c) the registration document was issued, received or drawn up before the registration of the attachment, restriction of the right of disposal or prohibition, and, at the same time, before the entry into force of the Law of Georgia No. 1962-IIs of 3 November 2009 on Amendments and Additions to the Law of Georgia "On the Public Registry". In such case, the registered attachment, restriction of disposal or prohibition shall be declared invalid;

d) as a result of registration, the identification data of the subject and/or object of the right change;

e) by the cancellation of the right of ownership, the thing remains without an owner. In such case, together with the cancellation of the registration of the right of ownership, the registered attachment, restriction of disposal or prohibition shall be declared invalid;

f) the thing/intangible property benefit has been disposed of by an enforcement institution, by the compulsory procedure established by the legislation of Georgia. In such case, the registered attachment, restriction of disposal or prohibition shall be declared invalid;

g) termination of a registered right (except the right of ownership)/obligation is requested, which is not related to the public-law restriction registered on the thing, and its cancellation does not contradict the content of the public-law restriction registered on the said thing.

3¹. The rule established by paragraph 3 of this Article shall not apply to the case where the legal act on the public-law restriction directly indicates the prohibition of registration of termination of the right/obligation and/or this right/obligation is the object of the public-law restriction.

4. Registration of a public-law restriction shall be inadmissible if, at the moment of submission of the request for registration of a public-law restriction on a thing and an intangible property benefit, that thing or intangible property benefit is in the ownership of another person, and/or the registration document which gives rise to the right to request registration of the ownership right was issued, received or drawn up before the registration of the origin of the seizure or prohibition of disposal on the registration object, and, at the same time, the registration document was issued, received or drawn up before the entry into force of this Law.

5. If registration of a public-law restriction is requested, as well as registration of a right that contradicts the content of the said public-law restriction, the relevant decision related to the registration of the public-law restriction shall be taken first, and thereafter – a decision on the other right submitted for registration.

6. If registration of a right/obligation on a thing and an intangible property benefit, or of such a change in the registered data (except for a change of the owner) is requested, which contradicts the content of a public-law restriction registered on the thing, but the initiator of the origin of the public-law restriction has submitted to the registering authority a written consent to the carrying out of such registration, the public-law restriction shall not be a ground for refusal of registration.

7. The rule established by paragraph 6 of this Article shall not apply where the legal act on the public-law restriction directly indicates a prohibition of registration.

Law of Georgia No. 1962 of 3 November 2009 – LHG I, No. 35, 19.11.2009, Art. 251

Law of Georgia No. 5154 of 3 June 2016 – website, 17.06.2016

Article 20. Registry of tax lien/mortgage🔗

1. The right of tax lien/mortgage shall be registered on a thing (except for a mechanical means of transport) and on an intangible property benefit.

2. Registration of the right of tax lien/mortgage shall be inadmissible if, at the moment of registration of the request for registration of the tax lien/mortgage on an immovable thing, that thing or intangible property benefit is in the ownership of another person.

3. If the transaction submitted for registration was concluded in respect of a thing free from legal defects and, on the basis of this transaction, before the registration of the ownership right the thing was encumbered with a tax lien/mortgage, registration of the ownership right of the new owner shall be inadmissible, except where there is the prior written consent of the new owner to accepting into ownership the thing encumbered with legal defects.

4. If the property has been disposed of by an enforcement institution, on the basis of a request of a tax authority, the tax lien/mortgage registered on the thing and the intangible property benefit, which was used to secure the request of the tax authority, shall be extinguished.

Law of Georgia No. 5154 of 3 June 2016 – website, 17.06.2016

Article 20¹. Principles of Maintaining the Register of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities🔗

1. The Register of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities shall record data on the origin, amendment and termination of the entities defined by the Civil Code of Georgia and the Law of Georgia on Entrepreneurs, as well as on obligations related to the restriction of the right of ownership over the shares of partners of a limited liability company and a limited partnership, and also on their origin, amendment and termination.

2. The Register of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities shall also record data on the status of a special claimant provided for by the Law of Georgia on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

3. The grounds for registration of an entity in the Register of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities and the procedure for maintaining the register shall be determined by the Civil Code of Georgia and the Law of Georgia on Entrepreneurs. Additional conditions for registration shall be determined by the Instruction on the Registration of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities, which shall be approved by the Minister of Justice of Georgia.

4. An entity shall be deemed to have originated, its registered data shall be deemed amended, and the registration shall be deemed terminated from the moment the decision on registration of the entity in the Register of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities enters into force.

5. Amendment of the registered data of an enterprise implies the reflection in the Register of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities of information on the commencement or termination of the process of dissolution, liquidation or reorganisation of the enterprise, of insolvency proceedings, bankruptcy or rehabilitation regime, on the change of the liquidator, rehabilitation supervisor or bankruptcy manager, or of the founding agreement, and of the information provided for by paragraphs 5¹, 5² and 5³ of this Article.

5¹. In the case provided for by the Law of Georgia on Mortgage-Secured Bonds, the Register of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities shall reflect information on the appointment/dismissal of the programme administrator/programme liquidator.

5². In the case provided for by the Law of Georgia on Investment Funds, the Register of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities shall reflect information on the commencement/completion of the liquidation of a sub-fund of an investment company and on the appointment/dismissal of its liquidator.

5³. In the case provided for by the Law of Georgia on Conversion into Securities, the Register of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurial (Non-Commercial) Legal Entities shall reflect information on the commencement/completion of the liquidation of a division of a securitisation company authorised on the basis of the same Law and on the appointment/dismissal of its liquidator.

6. In case of amendment of the founding agreement/charter of an entrepreneurial society or a non-entrepreneurial (non-commercial) legal entity, together with the text of the amendment, a consolidated text of the founding agreement/charter shall be submitted.

6¹. It is inadmissible for the words "organization managing property rights on a collective basis" or another word combination using these words to be used in the firm name of an entrepreneurial society or a non-entrepreneurial (non-commercial) legal entity, except for an organization managing property rights on a collective basis accredited in accordance with the Law of Georgia "On Copyright and Related Rights".

6². For the purpose of ensuring compliance of the firm name of an entrepreneurial society or a non-entrepreneurial (non-commercial) legal entity with the requirements provided for by paragraph 6¹ of this Article, a request to the Agency may be submitted by a legal entity of public law − the National Intellectual Property Center of Georgia − "Sakpatenti" in the manner established by the Law of Georgia "On Copyright and Related Rights".

7. Documents submitted for registration shall be certified in the manner established by the legislation of Georgia.

8. As a result of registration, the registering body prepares an extract. This rule does not apply to cases of registration of a public-law restriction and a tax lien/mortgage, as well as registration of a right to a movable thing and an intangible property benefit, except for registration of a mortgage on the shares of partners of a limited liability company and a limited partnership, amendment thereto or its termination.

9. An extract from the register of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurial (non-commercial) legal entities is prepared in the Georgian language, and at the request of an interested person − also in the English language. In case of preparation of this extract in the English language, its preparation in the Georgian language is also mandatory.

10. The electronic portal is a unified electronic platform of the Agency, a virtual space for communication, where decisions on registration, documents related to registration proceedings, information on convening the general meeting of an entrepreneurial society, and other information/documents to be published by the entrepreneur in accordance with the legislation of Georgia are published.

11. Electronic copies of documents submitted in the registration process are placed on the electronic portal and are accessible to any person without payment of a fee.

12. A subject is registered in the register of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurial (non-commercial) legal entities according to the address declared by it. An interested person shall indicate as the legal address an address determined in the manner established by the legislation of Georgia, to which a written notification (correspondence) may be sent. After a written notification (correspondence) is sent to the registered address, it shall be considered an officially sent written notification (correspondence).

13. For the determination of the legal address of a subject, it is mandatory to submit to the Agency the duly certified consent of the owner of its location or the relevant contract on the use of the location executed in accordance with the established procedure.

14. The registering authority creates an electronic address for an entrepreneur and a non-entrepreneurial (non-commercial) legal entity simultaneously with the registration of this subject. This address is valid until the dissolution of the said subject. For an entrepreneurial company and a branch of an entrepreneurial company registered before the entry into force of the Law of Georgia “On Entrepreneurs”, the registering authority creates electronic addresses together with ensuring the compliance of their registration data with the requirements of the same Law.

15. The registering authority creates an electronic address for a non-entrepreneurial (non-commercial) legal entity registered before 1 January 2022 upon the request of an interested person or in the event of a change in the registered data of this subject.

16. An entrepreneur and a non-entrepreneurial (non-commercial) legal entity shall place on the electronic portal only the information provided for by the Law of Georgia “On Entrepreneurs” and/or information related to the activity of this subject. Liability for the non-purpose use of the electronic portal shall be determined by the legislation of Georgia.

17. The said subject itself shall be responsible for placing the relevant information/documents provided for by the Law of Georgia “On Entrepreneurs” on the electronic portal by an entrepreneur and a non-entrepreneurial (non-commercial) legal entity and for the accuracy of this information/documents. The Agency does not verify the content of the information/documents placed on the electronic portal (except for registered data) or the correctness of the publication procedure.

Law of Georgia of 25 May 2012 No. 6324 – website, 12.06.2012.

Law of Georgia of 17 April 2014 No. 2286 – website, 02.05.2014.

Law of Georgia of 1 April 2015 No. 3420 – website, 22.04.2015.

Law of Georgia of 24 June 2016 No. 5567 – website, 13.07.2016.

Law of Georgia of 14 July 2020 No. 6840 – website, 28.07.2020.

Law of Georgia of 2 August 2021 No. 891 – website, 04.08.2021.

Law of Georgia of 29 November 2022 No. 2120 – website, 16.12.2022. Law of Georgia of 3 July 2023 No. 3453 – website, 25.07.2023.

Law of Georgia of 15 December 2023 No. 3934 – website, 27.12.2023.

Article 20². Principles of Maintaining the Address Register🔗

1. The basis for creating the data of the address register is documentation/information on the naming and numbering of geographical objects, both submitted by interested persons and kept in the registering body, created by the Agency or a state body, a body of an autonomous republic and/or a body of local self-government (municipality).

2. The registering body is entitled, on its own initiative, to carry out the numbering of geographical objects, apartments or other objects existing on the territory of Georgia.

3. The basis for adopting a decision in the address register on the numbering of a geographical object, apartment or other object is the documentation confirming ownership/use of immovable property kept in the Agency and/or submitted by an interested person.

4. The numbering of a geographical object that has not been named in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia shall be inadmissible.

5. In the event that a document confirming ownership of an immovable thing/use of an immovable thing contains an incomplete/incorrect address, the Agency shall ensure the specification of the address, on which it adopts a corresponding decision.

6. The procedure for maintaining the address register and additional conditions shall be determined by an instruction.

Law of Georgia of 3 June 2016 No. 5154 - website, 17.06.2016.

Article 20³. Principles of Maintaining the Register of Economic Activities🔗

1. The Register of Economic Activities shall record data on the economic activities of subjects, changes thereto and their termination, as well as on the place (address) of the economic activity.

2. Registration of an economic activity shall be voluntary, except in cases provided for by the legislation of Georgia.

3. If, in a case provided for by the legislation of Georgia, registration of an economic activity in the Register of Economic Activities is mandatory, the subject shall be granted the right to carry out the relevant economic activity after the registering authority adopts a decision on registration.

4. If the basis for the registration of an economic activity subject to mandatory registration is a decision adopted by an administrative body, the registering authority shall, using automated management tools, provide the authorised administrative body with information on the submitted request and documents. The rule and procedure for the provision of information by these administrative bodies to each other shall be determined by an administrative contract.

5. A decision adopted by the authorised administrative body provided for by paragraph 4 of this Article shall be the basis for the registering authority to adopt a decision on the registration of an economic activity, a change thereto or its termination. Failure to meet the time limit established for the adoption of a decision by the authorised administrative body shall be considered a positive decision and shall be the basis for the registering authority to grant the request.

6. An economic activity shall be considered registered, registered data shall be considered changed and registration shall be considered terminated from the moment the relevant decision adopted by the registering authority enters into force.

7. The term of registration of an economic activity shall be 1 year from the moment of registration. The expiry of this term shall result in the invalidity of the decision on registration, unless the interested person submits a request for the extension of the registration term.

Law of Georgia of 24 June 2016 No. 5567 – website, 13.07.2016.

Article 20⁴. Principles of Maintaining the Factoring Register🔗

1. Only the factor has the right to submit to the Agency an electronic application for registering factoring in the factoring register. In the factoring register, data on the arising, termination and amendment of the factor's ownership right over the receivable debt arising from a document confirming the existence of a claim against the debtor as defined by the Law of Georgia "On Factoring", or from a part thereof, shall be registered. Additional information defined by the Instruction shall also be registered in the factoring register.

2. In the factoring register, the number of the document confirming the existence of a claim against the debtor as defined by the Law of Georgia "On Factoring", used for the purposes of factoring, and the total amount of the receivable debt provided for by this document shall be registered. Also registered in the factoring register is the amount used within the framework of one factoring out of the receivable debt and the said total amount, on which the ownership right arises to the factor registering the ownership right. Factoring shall enter into force from the moment of the declaration of consent in electronic form by the party conceding the claim. The form of the declaration of consent by the party conceding the claim shall be determined by the Instruction.

3. Also registered in the factoring register are the name of the factor owning the receivable debt arising from the document confirming the existence of a claim against the debtor as defined by the Law of Georgia "On Factoring", the name of the party conceding the claim, and the date of repayment of the receivable debt to the factor. The factor shall, immediately upon full repayment by the debtor as defined by the Law of Georgia "On Factoring" of the receivable debt to the factor, and no later than the next working day, request termination in the factoring register of the ownership right over the receivable debt arising from the corresponding tax invoice or invoice.

4. In order to exclude simultaneous registration of the ownership right over the same receivable debt or part thereof by several factors, the Agency, before registering the factoring, checks whether the information provided for by paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article is not duplicated.

5. For the purposes of maintaining the factoring register, the Revenue Service, on the basis of a corresponding request, shall provide to the Agency in electronic form the following data on the tax invoice confirming the existence of the claim against the debtor:

a) the number of the tax invoice;

b) the value of the goods/services provided for by the tax invoice;

c) the status of confirmation of the tax invoice by the debtor as provided for by the tax invoice;

d) the names of the persons carrying out the operation provided for by the tax invoice.

6. After receiving the data provided for by paragraph 5 of this Article, the Agency, on the basis of the information provided by the factor, shall register the following data:

a) the designation of the factor as the owner of the receivable arising from the tax invoice;

b) the designation of the party assigning the claim, the date of repayment of the receivable to the factor;

c) the monetary amount of the receivable arising from the tax invoice in respect of which the factor's ownership right is registered;

d) other necessary information.

7. The registering authority shall not be responsible for the factor's authority to request the registration of factoring provided for by this Article, and/or for the authenticity of any other document/information provided for by paragraphs 2, 3 and 6 of this Article and additionally submitted by the factor. The registering authority shall only verify the compliance of the data provided for by paragraph 5 of this Article submitted by the factor and provided by the Revenue Service.

8. Factoring provided for by the Law of Georgia "On Factoring" shall enter into force from the moment of registration in the factoring register of the factor's ownership right over the receivable arising from a document or part thereof confirming the existence of a claim against the debtor as defined by the Law of Georgia "On Factoring". Factoring shall lose force from the moment of registration of the termination of the factor's ownership right over the receivable arising from a document or part thereof confirming the existence of a claim against the debtor as defined by the Law of Georgia "On Factoring".

9. The factor's ownership right over the receivable arising from a document or part thereof confirming the existence of a claim against the debtor as defined by the Law of Georgia "On Factoring" shall be considered to have arisen from the moment of registration of the ownership right in the factoring register. The factor's ownership right over the receivable arising from a document or part thereof confirming the existence of a claim against the debtor as defined by the Law of Georgia "On Factoring" shall be considered terminated from the moment of registration of the termination of the ownership right.

10. The grounds for registration by the factor of the origination, amendment and termination of the ownership right over the receivable arising from a document or part thereof confirming the existence of a claim against the debtor as defined by the Law of Georgia "On Factoring" shall be established by the Law of Georgia "On Factoring" and the instruction. (shall enter into force from 1 January 2027)]

Law of Georgia of 1 April 2026 No. 1453 – website, 06.04.2026.

Article 21. Suspension of registration proceedings🔗

1. The registering authority shall take a decision on the suspension of the registration proceedings if:

a) the application is not accompanied by a document or information prescribed by the legislation of Georgia that is necessary for taking a decision on the matter requested by the application;

a¹) the fee for the service rendered by the Agency has not been paid;

b) the application and/or the attached document or information has not been submitted in the form and manner established by the legislation of Georgia;

c) the application and/or the attached document or information does not make it possible to identify a right in a thing and an intangible property benefit, an obligation related to the right of ownership of an immovable thing, amendments thereto and their termination, a public-law restriction, the object and subject of a tax lien/mortgage and/or the owner or lawful possessor of the object;

d) there is an overlap prescribed by the instruction between the cadastral data of the immovable thing submitted for registration and that registered in the public register, or the area of the immovable thing given therein, except for the cases provided for by the instruction, exceeds the area of the immovable thing indicated in the document confirming the right;

e) it has officially become aware of the fact of an appeal against a registration or other document or part thereof, and that appeal suspends the effect of the registration or other document or part thereof;

f) an act of a court (arbitration) that has entered into legal force has been submitted, which provides for the suspension of the registration proceedings;

g) there is a case prescribed by Article 25 of this Law;

h) when requesting the registration of a right in a land plot, of an obligation related to the right of ownership of a land plot, of amendments thereto and of their termination, the cadastral data on the land plot are not kept in the registering authority, or the cadastral data kept in the registering authority do not comply with the requirements established by the instruction;

h¹) the documents submitted for registration have been sent to the relevant law enforcement authority for the purpose of examining their lawfulness;

h²) the application for registration of a public-law restriction is not accompanied by a legal act confirming the origin of the public-law restriction, but a document of application to and service on the court regarding the application of the public-law restriction has been submitted, together with a copy of the statement of claim and of the application requesting a measure to secure the claim and/or a document confirming the progress of the dispute in the appellate court regarding the application of the public-law restriction;

i) there are other grounds provided for by the legislation of Georgia.

2. The period of suspension of the registration proceedings shall be 30 calendar days, except for the exceptional cases provided for by this Article.

2¹. In the case provided for by subparagraph „a1“ of paragraph 1 of this Article, the period of suspension of the registration proceedings shall be 3 working days.

2². In the case provided for by subparagraph „h1“ of paragraph 1 of this Article, the period of suspension of the registration proceedings shall be 60 calendar days.

2³. In the case provided for by subparagraph „h2“ of paragraph 1 of this Article, the term of suspension of the registration proceedings shall be 3 working days; in the event of proceedings of a dispute before the appellate court on the application of a public-law restriction — the period until the appellate court adopts a judgment.

3. In the cases provided for by subparagraphs „e“, „f“ and „g“ of paragraph 1 of this Article, the registration proceedings shall be suspended for the term specified in the act of the respective body that has entered into legal force.

3¹. If, within the framework of one registration proceeding, there simultaneously exist legal grounds for suspension with the terms established by paragraphs 2, 2¹, 2², 2³ and 3 of this Article, the registration proceedings shall be suspended until the legal grounds for their suspension are eliminated, but not less than the terms determined by paragraphs 2−2³ of this Article.

32. The terms of suspension of the registration proceedings established by this Article shall be counted from the date the interested person is officially notified of the decision on the suspension of the registration proceedings, and where this decision is published on the relevant website of the Agency — from its publication. Extension of the terms of suspension of the registration proceedings determined by this Article shall not be permitted.

4. If, within the term of suspension of the registration proceedings, information or a document confirming the elimination of the ground for suspension of the registration proceedings is submitted, the registering body shall adopt a decision on the resumption of the registration proceedings.

4¹. In the case provided for by subparagraph „h 1“ of paragraph 1 of this Article, on the basis of the registration documentation submitted after the expiry of the term of suspension of the registration proceedings, a decision shall be adopted on the registration of the right/obligation (satisfaction of the claim), unless there exist other circumstances provided for by the legislation of Georgia that preclude the registration of this right/obligation.

5. In the event of resumption of the registration proceedings, the counting of the term of the registration proceedings shall begin anew.

Law of Georgia of 26 June 2009 No. 1348 - LHG I, No. 13, 02.07.2009, Art. 69

Law of Georgia of 24 June 2011 No. 4947 – website, 13.07.2011

Law of Georgia of 3 June 2016 No. 5154 - website, 17.06.2016

Article 22. Termination of registration proceedings🔗

The registering authority shall decide on the termination of registration proceedings if:

a) during the registration proceedings, the applicant or a person authorized by him/her for that purpose requested the termination of the registration proceedings;

b) within the period of suspension of the registration proceedings, no information or document confirming the elimination of the ground for suspension of the registration proceedings was submitted;

c) during the registration proceedings it became officially known to it that the right submitted for registration, an obligation related to the right of ownership over an immovable thing, a public-law restriction or a tax lien/mortgage, or their subject or object no longer exists, or the registration and/or other document was declared invalid, void or null;

d) an act of a court (arbitration) that has entered into legal force is submitted, which provides for the termination of the registration proceedings;

e) there exist other grounds provided by the legislation of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 26 June 2009 No. 1348 - LHG I, No. 13, 02.07.2009, Art. 69

Article 23. Refusal of Registration🔗

During the registration proceedings, the registering authority shall adopt a decision on refusal of registration if:

a) the origin of a right, of an obligation related to the right of ownership of an immovable thing, of changes thereto and of their termination, of the right of tax lien/mortgage, of a public-law restriction, changes thereto and their termination, as well as the origin of abandonment of the right of ownership of an immovable thing, is not subject to registration;

b) a registered right, an obligation related to the right of ownership of an immovable thing, changes thereto and their termination, a public-law restriction or a tax lien/mortgage precludes the registration of a right, a public-law restriction or a tax lien/mortgage submitted for registration in respect of the same immovable thing;

c) the registration document has been issued, received or drawn up by an unauthorised person;

d) the fact of cancellation of the registration document has become known in accordance with the established procedure;

e) an act of a court (arbitration) that has entered into legal force and that provides for refusal of registration has been submitted;

f) at the time of the registration request, the right of ownership has passed to a new owner;

f¹) the registration request is identical to the registered data;

f²) the application submitted to the registering authority for the registration of a public-law restriction is not accompanied by the legal act confirming the origin of the public-law restriction and/or the document of application to and service upon the court regarding the application of the public-law restriction, together with a copy of the statement of claim and of the application requesting a measure to secure the claim, and/or the document confirming the progress of the dispute in the appellate court regarding the application of the public-law restriction;

f³) the request for the origin of a public-law restriction is identical to the request within the framework of which registration proceedings are being conducted in the Agency;

g) there are other grounds provided for by the legislation of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 26 June 2009 No. 1348 – LHG I, No. 13, 02.07.2009, Art. 69

Law of Georgia of 24 June 2011 No. 4947 – website, 13.07.2011

Law of Georgia of 3 June 2016 No. 5154 – website, 17.06.2016

Article 24. Additional issues related to registration proceedings🔗

1. The restrictions established by Georgian legislation for the re-submission of an application on the same issue shall not apply to the case provided for by subparagraph „a“ of Article 22 of this Law.

2. The restrictions provided for by Article 92 of the General Administrative Code of Georgia shall not apply to registration proceedings carried out by an authorized person.

3. If in the course of registration proceedings a discrepancy is established between the identity document of the interested person and the names and/or surnames indicated in the registration documentation, in particular, an inaccuracy in letters caused by a mechanical error, by making an inaccuracy when rendering into the Georgian language or for another reason, a diminutive-affectionate form of the name, an excess or shortage of letters in the name and/or surname, but other identifying data (personal number, father's name, date of birth, address, other data) correspond to each other, registration shall be carried out in accordance with the records contained in the identity document of the interested person.

4. In the course of registration proceedings, in the event of detection of the discrepancy between the names and/or surnames indicated in the identity document of the interested person and the registration documentation referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article, when it is impossible to identify the person, in the case of another discrepancy of the person's names and/or surnames and/or when it is impossible to correct the discrepancy in another manner, the basis for the right to registration in accordance with the records contained in the identity document of the interested person shall be the decision of the commission established by order of the Minister of Justice of Georgia, which establishes the fact that the registration document belongs to the person, on the registration document belonging to the person.

5. The rules of activity of the commission establishing the fact that a registration document belongs to a person shall be determined by an instruction.

Law of Georgia of 3 November 2009 No. 1962 - LHG I, No. 35, 19.11.2009, Art. 251

Law of Georgia of 3 June 2016 No. 5154 - website, 17.06.2016

Article 25. Suspension of the effect of registered data🔗

1. The effect of registered data shall be suspended by suspension of the decision on registration, if:

a) the registration document is appealed and this appeal suspends the effect of the registration document;

b) a legal act issued by an authorized body on suspension of the effect of registered data is submitted;

c) there is a court judgment that has entered into legal force confirming that the registration document was issued, received or created by a criminal act of a person.

2. During the period of suspension of the effect of registered data, it shall be inadmissible to prepare an extract on a thing and an intangible property benefit, as well as to register a right (except for tax pledge/mortgage), an obligation related to the right of ownership on an immovable thing, changes therein and their termination.

Article 26. Cancellation of Registration🔗

1. Registration shall be declared invalid if:

a) a registration document is submitted which confirms the fact of transfer and/or termination of the right;

b) the document confirming the right that constitutes the basis for registration was declared invalid, void or null;

c) the decision on registration was declared invalid;

d) the specified term of validity of the right has expired;

e) there are other grounds provided for by the legislation of Georgia.

2. The declaration of registration as invalid does not entail the restoration of the registration that existed before the registration declared invalid.

3. Registration shall be declared void or null if:

a) the decision on registration was declared void or null;

b) an act of the court that has entered into legal force is submitted, which confirms the fact of declaring the registration void or null;

c) there are other grounds provided for by the legislation of Georgia.

4. The consequences of declaring a registration void or null shall be determined in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.

5. The cancellation of registration may be appealed only together with the ground for this cancellation.

Article 27. Decision of the registering body🔗

1. The registering body shall issue a decision on the matter of registration.

2. The decision of the registering body shall be issued in written form and shall contain the following data:

a) the type of decision;

b) the title;

c) the name and address of the registering body;

d) the time of issuance and the registration number;

e) the reasoning and legal grounds;

f) the name and address of the body with which the decision may be appealed, and the time limit for filing a complaint;

g) the surname, name and signature of the authorised person;

h) the official seal.

3. The right defined by this Law in respect of a thing and an intangible property benefit, the obligation related to the right of ownership of an immovable thing, as well as the right of tax lien/mortgage and a public-law restriction shall be considered as having arisen, changed or terminated, while the right of ownership shall be considered as abandoned, from the moment of issuance of the decision on registration, except for the cases provided for by this Law.

4. Data in the decision may be entered by mechanical and/or electronic means.

5. The decision may be issued using automatic management tools. A decision issued using automatic management tools may not meet the requirements of subparagraphs „e“, „g“ and „h“ of paragraph 2 of this Article.

6. The decision shall enter into force upon publication in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.

7. The publication of the decision on the official website of the registering body shall also be considered as publication of the decision.

8. In the case of issuing a decision using automatic management tools, the counting of the time limits related to this decision shall begin upon its publication.

9. The procedure for issuing a decision, its form and other legal grounds shall be determined by an instruction.

Article 28. Correction of a technical defect in registered data🔗

The registering body shall be obliged, upon discovery, to correct a technical defect committed by it, caused by the inaccurate transfer of data from documentation and by an error committed during technical or calculation operations. An orthographic, arithmetic or other type of technical inaccuracy shall also be considered a technical defect.

Article 29. Procedure for appealing a decision of the registering authority🔗

1. An interested person shall have the right to appeal a decision of the registering authority within 30 calendar days from its official notification, and in the case of publication of the decision — from publication.

2. A decision of the registering authority on refusal of registration, suspension or termination of registration proceedings, except for a decision on registration of a right to a movable thing and an intangible property benefit and a decision on registration of economic activity, the precondition for the adoption of which is a decision adopted by an authorised administrative body, shall be appealed in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.

3. A decision of the registering authority on registration of a right, as well as on refusal of registration of a right to a movable thing and an intangible property benefit, suspension or termination of registration proceedings, shall be appealed by way of court proceedings. A decision of the registering authority on registration shall be appealed by way of court proceedings.

3¹. A decision adopted by the Agency in accordance with paragraph 4 of Article 20³ of this Law shall be appealed to the court together with the decision adopted by the authorised administrative body.

4. An appeal against a decision of the registering authority on registration shall not suspend the operation of the registered data and shall not prohibit the issuance of an extract or another legal act on the basis of these data, unless otherwise determined by the authorised body.

5. An appeal against a decision of the registering authority on suspension of registration proceedings, termination of registration proceedings, refusal of registration shall not suspend the operation of the said appealed decision.

Law of Georgia of 24 June 2016 No. 5567 - website, 13.07.2016.

Article 30. (removed)🔗

Law of Georgia of 24 June 2011 No. 4947 – website, 13.07.2011.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2011 No. 5565 - website, 28.12.2011.

Article 31. (removed)🔗

Law of Georgia of 26 June 2009 No. 1343 – LHG I, No. 16, 0707.2009, Art. 79

Law of Georgia of 3 November 2009 No. 1962 - LHG I, No. 35, 19.11.2009, Art. 251

Law of Georgia of 27 April 2010 No. 2980 - LHG I, No. 24, 10.05.2010, Art. 146

Law of Georgia of 7 December 2010 No. 3888 - LHG I, No. 67, 09.12.2010, Art. 416

Law of Georgia of 22 February 2011 No. 4208 – website, 10.03.2011.

Law of Georgia of 11 March 2011 No. 4413 – website, 17.03.2011.

Law of Georgia of 22 March 2011 No. 4468 – website, 29.03.2011.

Law of Georgia of 24 June 2011 No. 4947 – website, 13.07.2011.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2011 No. 5565 - website, 28.12.2011.

Article 32. (repealed)🔗

Law of Georgia No. 1962 of 3 November 2009 – LHG I, No. 35, 19.11.2009, Art. 251

Law of Georgia No. 3888 of 7 December 2010 – LHG I, No. 67, 09.12.2010, Art. 416

Law of Georgia No. 4413 of 11 March 2011 – website, 17.03.2011

Law of Georgia No. 4947 of 24 June 2011 – website, 13.07.2011

Law of Georgia No. 5565 of 20 December 2011 – website, 28.12.2011

Article 32¹. (repealed)🔗

Law of Georgia No. 1962 of 3 November 2009 – LHG I, No. 35, 19.11.2009, Art. 251

Law of Georgia No. 5565 of 20 December 2011 – website, 28.12.2011

Article 33. (repealed)🔗

Law of Georgia No. 1962 of 3 November 2009 – LHG I, No. 35, 19.11.2009, Art. 251

Law of Georgia No. 2980 of 27 April 2010 – LHG I, No. 24, 10.05.2010, Art. 146

Law of Georgia No. 3888 of 7 December 2010 – LHG I, No. 67, 09.12.2010, Art. 416

Law of Georgia No. 3966 of 10 December 2010 – LHG I, No. 74, 24.12.2010, Art. 447

Law of Georgia No. 4208 of 22 February 2011 – website, 10.03.2011

Law of Georgia No. 4413 of 11 March 2011 – website, 17.03.2011

Law of Georgia No. 4947 of 24 June 2011 – website, 13.07.2011

Law of Georgia No. 5008 of 1 July 2011 – website, 15.07.2011

Law of Georgia No. 5565 of 20 December 2011 – website, 28.12.2011

Article 34. (repealed)🔗

Law of Georgia No. 1962 of 3 November 2009 – LHG I, No. 35, 19.11.2009, Art. 251

Law of Georgia No. 2980 of 27 April 2010 – LHG I, No. 24, 10.05.2010, Art. 146

Law of Georgia No. 5565 of 20 December 2011 – website, 28.12.2011

Article 35. Transitional provisions🔗

1. The Minister of Justice of Georgia shall ensure the approval of the instruction "On the Public Registry". Before the approval of this instruction, those norms of the instruction approved by Order No. 800 of 13 December 2006 of the Minister of Justice of Georgia "On the approval of the instruction on the registration of rights in immovable things" shall remain in force which do not contradict the requirements of this Law and the legislation of Georgia.

2. Transactions concluded before the entry into force of the Civil Code of Georgia, which were not registered in the respective registering authority within the time limits established by the legislation in force at that time, shall be grounds for the registration of a right in an immovable thing.

3. Registration of the right of ownership in an individual property object shall be carried out according to its total area, that is, the residential and non-residential areas.

4. Shall be declared invalid:

a) attachment and other measures prohibiting registration or disposal of a thing and an intangible property benefit, recorded before the entry into force of the Civil Code of Georgia;

b) attachment and other measures prohibiting registration or disposal of a thing and an intangible property benefit, the supporting document of which is not kept in the registering authority or which is recorded on the basis of an act of an unauthorized person or body;

c) a public-law restriction registered before the entry into force of this Law, if it is recorded after the thing or intangible property benefit was in the ownership of another person, and/or a registration document which gives rise to the right to demand registration of the right of ownership, was issued, received or drawn up before the registration of the origin of the attachment or prohibition of disposal on the registration object.

5. A tax lien/mortgage registered on a thing and an intangible property benefit, the document confirming the origin of which is not kept in the registering authority or which is registered on the basis of an act of an unauthorized person or body, shall be declared invalid. A tax lien/mortgage shall also be declared invalid if it is registered after the thing or intangible property benefit was in the ownership of another person.

6. In relation to those attachments and tax liens/mortgages registered on a thing and an intangible property asset, in respect of which the identification documentation (information) of the owner or user (holder) of the subject of the attachment and tax lien/mortgage, as determined by the legislation of Georgia, has not been submitted to the registering authority, the registering authority shall be obliged to apply to the authority imposing the attachment or tax lien/mortgage for the purpose of identifying the owner or user (holder) of the subject of the attachment and tax lien/mortgage. The authority imposing the attachment or tax lien/mortgage shall be obliged, within one month of the application, to ensure the submission to the registering authority of the documentation (information) determined by the legislation of Georgia for the identification of the owner or user (holder) of the subject of the attachment and tax lien/mortgage. Failure to meet the one-month deadline shall be grounds for the registering authority to declare the registration of that attachment or tax lien/mortgage invalid.

Law of Georgia of 3 November 2009 No. 1962 – LHG I, No. 35, 19.11.2009, Art. 251

Article 36. Final Provisions🔗

1. Upon the entry into force of this Law, the following shall be declared invalid:

a) the Law of Georgia "On Registration of Rights in Immovable Things";

b) the Law of Georgia "On the Fee Established for Services Rendered by the National Agency of Public Registry".

2. This Law shall enter into force on the 15th day after publication.

President of Georgia M. Saakashvili

Tbilisi,

19 December 2008

No. 820–IIs