On Road Traffic

Law of Georgia

On Road Traffic

Article 1. Scope of regulation of the Law 1. This Law determines the legal grounds for the organisation of road traffic and the ensuring of road traffic safety in the territory of Georgia, the main directions of state policy in the field of road traffic safety, the rights and obligations of state authorities, the rules and conditions of road traffic, road signs and road markings, the rights and obligations of road traffic participants, and the general requirements for the granting of the right to drive a vehicle and for the registration of a vehicle.🔗

2. The operation of this Law extends to a citizen of Georgia, as well as to a citizen of a foreign country and a stateless person who participate in road traffic in the territory of Georgia, as well as to a vehicle in international traffic in the territory of Georgia, unless otherwise provided by an international treaty or agreement of Georgia.

3. For the purposes of this Law, the following shall not be considered road traffic:

a) movement on a road that, by a decision of an authorised state authority, is temporarily closed to road traffic for the holding of a sports or mass event;

b) movement in a territory permanently closed to road traffic that is designated for the holding of a sports event with vehicles.

Article 2. Annexes to the Law 1. This Law has the following annexes:🔗

a) Annex No. 1. "Road Signs";

b) Annex No. 2. "Road Markings";

c) Annex No. 3. "Identification Marks to be Affixed to Vehicles";

d) Annex No. 4. "Types of Traffic Lights";

e) Annex No. 5. "Table of Reduction of the Number of Points Awarded to a Driving Licence".

2. The annexes defined by paragraph 1 of this Article are integral parts of this Law.

Law of Georgia of 21 April 2017 No. 711 – website, 10.05.2017.

Article 3. Legislation of Georgia in the field of road traffic and the organisation of road traffic The legislation of Georgia in the field of road traffic and the organisation of road traffic consists of the Constitution of Georgia, international treaties and agreements, this Law and other normative acts.🔗

Article 4. Liability for violation of the legislation of Georgia in the field of road traffic and the organisation of road traffic Violation of the legislation of Georgia in the field of road traffic and the organisation of road traffic entails civil, criminal and administrative liability in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.🔗

Article 5. Terms used in the Law 1. Bus – a motor vehicle intended for the carriage of passengers and having more than 8 seating places, excluding the driver's seat.🔗

2. Motorway – a road specially built and intended for motor vehicle traffic, which does not serve adjacent territories and:

a) which, except for temporarily established or individual places, has separate carriageways for both directions of traffic, separated from each other by a dividing strip (which is not intended for traffic) or, in special cases, by other means;

b) which does not cross at the same level a road, railway or tram track, pedestrian path and cycle path;

c) which is marked by the road sign "Motorway".

3. Road train – a combination of a truck with a trailer/trailers having a permissible maximum mass exceeding 750 kg.

4. Tow truck – a specialised motor vehicle intended for the transportation of a motor vehicle and a wheeled light tractor.

5. Motor vehicle (automobile) – a mechanical transport vehicle which is normally used on the road for the carriage of persons or the transport of goods or/and for the towing on the road of a transport vehicle intended for the carriage of persons or the transport of goods. This term includes a trolleybus, i.e. a trackless transport vehicle connected to electric wires. This term does not include such a mechanical transport vehicle as, for example, a tractor, for which use on the road for the carriage of persons or the transport of goods or/and for the towing on the road of a transport vehicle intended for the carriage of persons or the transport of goods is only an auxiliary function.

6. Periodic technical inspection – a set of technical operations and procedures by means of which, at established intervals, the technical condition of the main elements of road safety of a motor vehicle and the composition of harmful substances in exhaust emissions released into atmospheric air are determined.

6¹. Road inspection in the roadside zone – inspection of a vehicle in the roadside zone in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, in accordance with Article 11¹ of this Law.

7. Insufficient visibility – reduction of road visibility to a distance of less than 300 metres when passing through a tunnel, during the dark time of the day, during fog, rain, snow and other natural phenomena.

8. Towing – movement of a transport vehicle with the assistance of another transport vehicle.

9. Dividing strip – a structurally separated road element that divides adjacent carriageways and is not intended for the movement of trackless transport vehicles on it.

10. Overtaking – passing one or more transport vehicles moving ahead in the same lane in the same direction by leaving the occupied lane.

11. Stopping − the intentional termination of the movement of a vehicle for up to 5 minutes, or for a longer time if this is necessary for the boarding and alighting of passengers or for the loading and unloading of the vehicle. The intentional termination of the movement of a vehicle in the traffic flow, due to the requirements of technical means of organising road traffic or of a traffic controller, shall not be considered stopping.

12. Road – the entire surface of a road or street open for traffic. A road may have either one carriageway or several carriageways sharply separated by a dividing strip or carriageways existing at different levels. This term may include tram tracks, a pavement, a shoulder, a dividing strip, a cycle path, a zone (area) for sliding on snow/ice.

13. Intersection − the crossing, junction or branching of roads at one level, including the areas formed by such crossing, junction or branching. The crossing of exits coming out of adjacent territories with roads shall not be considered an intersection.

14. Giving way (not creating an obstacle) – the obligation of a road traffic participant not to continue or resume movement or not to perform a manoeuvre if this would force a participant in traffic having the right of way (priority) to change the direction of movement or speed abruptly.

15. Carriageway of a road (carriageway) – an element of a road intended for the movement of trackless vehicles (except for a pavement, a shoulder, a cycle path and a pedestrian path).

16. Additional information sign (plate) − a road sign which specifies or restricts the effect of the road sign together with which it is used.

17. Settlement − a built-up area where the entrance and exit are marked by the corresponding road signs.

18. Laden mass (actual mass) − the actual mass of a laden vehicle in a given period of time, including the driver and passengers.

19. Unladen mass (unladen weight) − the mass of a vehicle determined by the manufacturer, without the driver, passengers and cargo, but including a full supply of fuel and the necessary set of tools.

20. Standing – the deliberate termination of the movement of a vehicle for more than 5 minutes, if this is not necessary for the boarding and alighting of passengers or for the loading and unloading of the vehicle.

21. Dark time of day – the interval of time from dusk to dawn.

22. Bicycle − a vehicle which has at least two wheels and moves solely by the muscular energy of the person on that vehicle, in particular by means of pedals or handles. This term does not include a wheelchair. A bicycle with an auxiliary motor is equated with a bicycle.

23. Bicycle path (cycle path) − a road or part of a road intended for movement by bicycle, marked with the corresponding road sign, which is structurally separated from another road or from other elements of the road.

24. Bicycle lane − a lane of the carriageway of the road designated for movement by bicycle. The bicycle lane is separated from the rest of the carriageway by longitudinal road markings.

25. Instructor-teacher − a teacher of practical driving of vehicles of the categories and subcategories defined by Article 54 of this Law, a natural person who meets the requirements established by the legislation of Georgia.

26. Forced stop – the stopping of the movement of a vehicle due to a hazard caused by its technical malfunction, the cargo being transported, the condition of the driver (passenger), or an obstacle suddenly created on the road.

27. Quadricycle − a four-wheeled mechanical vehicle other than a light quadricycle, the engine power of which does not exceed 15 kW and the unladen mass of which exceeds 350 kg but does not exceed 400 kg, or 550 kg if it is intended for the carriage of goods. In the case of an electric vehicle, the mass of the battery shall not be counted in the unladen mass of the quadricycle. A mechanical vehicle defined by this paragraph which meets the technical characteristics provided for a tricycle shall be considered a motorised tricycle.

28. Moped − a two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle the design speed of which does not exceed 25 km/h and the engine displacement of which does not exceed 50 cm³; a two- or three-wheeled electric motor vehicle the design speed of which does not exceed 25 km/h and the maximum output power of the electric motor of which does not exceed 4 kW; a two- or three-wheeled electric motor vehicle the design speed of which exceeds 25 km/h but does not exceed 45 km/h and the maximum output power of the electric motor of which does not exceed 1 kW.

29. Design speed − the maximum speed of a vehicle determined by the manufacturer.

30. Container – the definition provided for by the 1972 "Customs Convention on Containers".

31. Manoeuvre − starting to move, turning right or left, turning around, reversing, driving around an obstacle and/or changing the traffic lane (regrouping).

32. Traffic controller – a person defined by the legislation of Georgia, having the authority to regulate road traffic, who, within the scope of his/her competence, is entitled to restrict the movement of a road traffic participant, change his/her direction and/or stop his/her movement.

33. Route − a pre-determined itinerary approved by the body authorised for the operation of buses or surface electric transport between points (with or without indication of stopping places).

34. Passenger − a person who is in or is boarding a vehicle (onto a vehicle) or is alighting from a vehicle, but does not drive it.

35. Mechanical vehicle − a power-driven (self-propelled) vehicle, except for a two-wheeled electric scooter, a pedal-driven bicycle and a rail vehicle.

36. Drover − a person leading, driving or accompanying pack, harnessed or riding cattle on the road.

37. Main road − a road marked with road sign 2.1 or 5.1 over the entire section of the zone of effect of that sign. A road marked with road signs 1.7.1−1.7.7 shall be considered a main road − at an intersection, as compared with an intersecting (adjoining) road; a hard-surfaced road (a road with asphalt, cement-concrete or other similar material or cobblestone surface) − as compared with a gravel or dirt road; a gravel road − as compared with a dirt road. The existence of a hard-surfaced section of road on a gravel or dirt road immediately before an intersection does not equate it with a hard-surfaced road.

38. Adjacent territory – a territory which directly adjoins a road and is not intended for through traffic of vehicles (yard, residential block, parking lot, petrol station, establishment and others).

39. Trailer − a vehicle intended to be towed by a mechanical vehicle. This term includes a semi-trailer and a detachable trailer.

40. Above-ground electric transport − trolleybus and tram.

41. Means of mobile communication – a device by means of which it is possible to conduct a continuous telephone conversation between two or more natural persons and/or to transmit and receive text information.

42. Moped – a two- or three-wheeled mechanical vehicle the design speed of which exceeds 25 km/h but does not exceed 45 km/h. At the same time, the working volume of the engine of a two-wheeled mechanical vehicle or of the spark-ignition internal combustion engine of a three-wheeled mechanical vehicle shall not exceed 50 cm3; the maximum useful output power of another internal combustion engine of a three-wheeled mechanical vehicle shall not exceed 4 kW; the maximum output power generated by the electric motor of a two- or three-wheeled electric-motor-driven mechanical vehicle shall exceed 1 kW but shall not exceed 4 kW. A light quadricycle is equated with a three-wheeled moped.

43. Motorised tricycle − a tricycle the design speed of which exceeds 45 km/h, the maximum power of which does not exceed 15 kW, and the unladen mass of which exceeds 350 kg but does not exceed 400 kg, or 550 kg if it is intended for the carriage of goods. In the case of an electric vehicle, the mass of the battery shall not be counted in the unladen mass of the motorised tricycle.

44. Motorcycle − a two-wheeled mechanical vehicle (with or without a sidecar) the engine working volume of which exceeds 50 cm3 and/or the design speed of which exceeds 45 km/h.

45. Traffic lane − any lane, marked or unmarked by longitudinal road markings, of the longitudinal lanes into which the carriageway may be divided, but which has sufficient width for the movement in a single line of motor vehicles other than motorcycles.

46. Passenger car − a motor vehicle with a permissible maximum mass not exceeding 3,500 kg (except a motorcycle and a moped), the number of seats of which, excluding the driver's seat, does not exceed 8.

47. Light quadricycle − a four-wheeled mechanical vehicle whose design speed exceeds 25 km/h but does not exceed 45 km/h. At the same time, the working volume of the spark-ignition internal combustion engine of a four-wheeled mechanical vehicle shall not exceed 50 cm³; the maximum net output power of another internal combustion engine of a four-wheeled mechanical vehicle shall not exceed 4 kW; the maximum output power of the electric motor of a four-wheeled electric-motor-driven mechanical vehicle shall not exceed 4 kW; the unladen mass of a mechanical vehicle defined by this paragraph (in the case of an electric vehicle − excluding the mass of the battery) shall not exceed 350 kg.

48. Light trailer − a trailer whose permissible maximum mass does not exceed 750 kg.

49. Driver − a natural person who drives a vehicle. A steersman shall be equated with a driver. When carrying out practical driving instruction (training drive) of a vehicle, an instructor-teacher shall be equated with a driver. A driver shall also be that natural person whom the Legal Entity of Public Law − the Service Agency of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia (hereinafter − the Agency) has admitted to the second stage of the practical examination for obtaining the right to drive a vehicle and who participates in it during the course of the said stage.

50. Driver training institution − a public or private institution, or an entrepreneurial entity, which, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, carries out theoretical and/or practical training, instruction of drivers for driving vehicles of the categories and subcategories defined by Article 54 of this Law (hereinafter − training course).

51. Semi-trailer − a trailer intended to be coupled to a motor vehicle in such a way that part of it rests on the motor vehicle and a significant part of the mass of the semi-trailer and its load is borne by the motor vehicle.

52. Permissible maximum mass (permissible weight) − the maximum mass of a laden vehicle declared permissible by the competent authority of the State in which the vehicle is registered.

53. Slow-moving vehicle − a motor vehicle whose design speed does not exceed 40 km/h or which cannot exceed the said speed or is prohibited from exceeding it for a reason not related to traffic flows of vehicles.

54. Duplication of a sign − placement of the same road sign on a road section in opposite directions alongside each other.

55. Repeated placement of a sign − repeated placement of the main sign on the same side of the road at a certain distance.

56. Two-wheeled electric self-balancing vehicle − a self-balancing, two-wheeled and single-axle vehicle designed to carry one person and which moves by electric power.

57. Organized transport convoy – a group consisting of three or more mechanical vehicles moving one after another in the same lane with constantly switched-on headlights, accompanied by a leading mechanical vehicle with a switched-on blue or blue and red flashing beacon signal.

58. Railway crossing − an intersection at one level of a road and railway or tram tracks having an independent roadbed.

58¹. Examination route − a route approved by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia, on which the second stage of the practical examination for obtaining the right to drive a vehicle is conducted.

59. Road marking (marking) − a line, arrow and other markings defined by Annex No. 2 to this Law, existing on the carriageway, on elements of road equipment and on road structures, which establish traffic rules or provide the road traffic participant with information about the traffic regime.

60. Road traffic – relations arising between road traffic participants when moving or positioning on a road with or without a vehicle.

61. Road traffic participant − a person who directly participates in road traffic as a driver, passenger or pedestrian.

62. Organization of road traffic – a complex of legal and organizational-technical measures ensuring road traffic management.

63. Ensuring road traffic safety – activity aimed at preventing the causes of a road traffic accident and its severe consequences.

64. Road sign (sign) − a device of established form with an image or inscription (including in electronic form, which is permitted) defined by Annex No. 1 to this Law, which provides the road traffic participant with information about road conditions and the traffic regime, a settlement and various objects.

65. Road traffic accident (accident) – an event arising on a road during the movement of a vehicle with its participation, in which a person was injured or killed, a vehicle, cargo, structure or other property was damaged.

66. International traffic − a vehicle located in the territory of any state is considered to be in international traffic if it:

a) belongs to a natural or legal person whose usual place of residence is outside this state;

b) is not registered in this state;

c) has been brought into this state temporarily, but not for more than the period established by its legislation.

Note: A combination of vehicles shall be considered to be in international traffic if at least one of the vehicles included therein meets the requirements defined by this paragraph.

67. Route vehicle − a vehicle intended for the carriage of passengers on a road, moving along an established route.

67¹. Lane intended for the movement of route vehicles − a lane of the carriageway which is intended for the movement of route vehicles and on which a route vehicle moves in the same or opposite direction as the general flow of vehicles. The lane intended for the movement of route vehicles is separated from the remaining carriageway by road markings.

68. Braking distance − the distance covered by a vehicle from the application of the brakes until it comes to a complete stop.

69. Agricultural machine − a specialised wheeled or tracked mechanical vehicle intended for the performance of agricultural, land-improvement or forestry works and for which the carriage of persons and the transport of cargo on a road, or the use for towing on a road of a vehicle intended for the carriage of persons and the transport of cargo, is only an auxiliary function. A specialised vehicle manufactured on the basis of a motor car shall not be considered an agricultural machine.

70. Auxiliary technical means of an agricultural machine − an auxiliary technical means (device) towable by an agricultural machine and intended for operation together with it, which is used for the performance of agricultural, land-improvement or forestry works.

71. Truck − a motor vehicle intended for the transport of cargo, the permissible maximum mass of which exceeds 3,500 kg.

72. Convoy of vehicles − a group consisting of two or more vehicles moving in an organised manner one after another.

73. Vehicle − a device moving on a road or intended for movement on a road, which is propelled by an engine or other force.

74. Combination of vehicles − coupled vehicles which participate in road traffic as a single whole.

75. Residential zone − a built-up area where special road traffic rules apply and where the entrance and exit are marked by the relevant road signs.

76. Tractor unit – a mechanical vehicle intended for operation together with a semi-trailer.

77. Dangerous goods − substances and/or articles which, under international norms, are classified according to the type of hazard into 9 classes and the international carriage of which by road is prohibited or permitted only subject to certain conditions in accordance with the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR).

78. Animal-drawn transport − a wheeled or non-wheeled vehicle without an engine which moves on the road by means of the force of livestock harnessed thereto.

79. Specialized self-propelled machine − a wheeled or crawler mechanical vehicle designed for the performance of road-construction works and whose design speed is more than 6 km/h and less than 45 km/h. A specialized vehicle manufactured on the basis of an automobile shall not be considered a specialized self-propelled machine.

80. Total mass − the mass of a vehicle in equipped condition, filled with cargo, driver and passengers, the limit of which is established by the vehicle manufacturer. The total mass of a vehicle combination is calculated as the sum of the total masses of the vehicles included therein.

81. Tractor − a wheeled or crawler agricultural machine with two or more axles.

82. Tricycle − a motor vehicle with three symmetrically arranged wheels, whose engine (if present) working volume exceeds 50 cm³ and/or design speed exceeds 45 km/h.

83. Pavement – an element of the road which is attached to the carriageway or separated from it structurally or by a green strip and is intended for pedestrian movement.

84. Priority (precedence) – the right of a road traffic participant to move first in the intended direction compared to other road traffic participants.

85. Pedestrian path − a path intended for pedestrian movement, separated from the road. The pedestrian path may be marked with a corresponding road sign.

86. Pedestrian crossing – a section of the carriageway which is intended for a pedestrian to cross the road and is marked with road signs 5.19.1 and 5.19.2 and/or road markings 1.14.1–1.14.2. If such road markings are absent, the width of the pedestrian crossing is determined by the distance between road signs 5.19.1 and 5.19.2.

87. Pedestrian − a road traffic participant who moves on foot or uses roller skates, a skateboard, a sledge or another similar means for movement. A person pushing a baby carriage or a seat-carriage or another small-sized vehicle without an engine is equated to a pedestrian, as well as a person who has got off a bicycle, moped or motorcycle and moves as a pedestrian, and also a person with limited abilities who moves in a seat-carriage.

88. Axle load − part of the actual mass of a vehicle which, as a result of pressure on the axle, creates a load on the road. When determining the load on each driving or non-driving axle, structurally separated axles located on one line in the transverse section of the vehicle are considered as one integral axle.

89. Limited visibility − a circumstance in which a short bend, the end of an ascent, vegetation, a roadside structure or an obstacle on the road reduces the visibility of the road in the direction of travel to such an extent that movement at the maximum speed permitted on the given road section may create a danger.

90. Articulated bus – a bus consisting of sections. Unrestricted movement of passengers must be possible between the sections of such a bus. The connection and separation of these sections shall be permitted only by the factory method.

91. Traffic light − an electrical device defined by Annex No. 3 to this Law, which is used for regulating road traffic on the road by coloured light signals.

92. Main sign − a road sign the necessity of whose installation is conditioned by the requirements of organising road traffic.

93. Snow/ice sliding zone (territory) – a snow/ice sliding slope and/or road (track), as well as other places whose respective boundaries are approved by the Government of Georgia or a body authorised by the Government of Georgia and whose control and administration is carried out by a person authorised by the Government of Georgia.

94. Snow/ice sliding slope and/or road (track) – all types of snow/ice sliding slope and/or road (track), a snowmobile/motor sled path, as well as the adjacent sliding terrain (edges and bank features), whose respective boundaries are approved by the Government of Georgia or a body authorised by the Government of Georgia and whose control and administration is carried out by a person authorised by the Government of Georgia.

95. User of a sliding track – a road traffic participant who uses a snow/ice sliding slope and/or road (track) for walking and sliding, including for movement with skis, a snowboard, a sled, a snow bicycle, a toboggan or any other means of sliding on snow/ice.

96. Snowmobile – a motorised, tracked or other type of vehicle intended for movement on snow/ice, which is steered by a steering mechanism or a device with a "joystick", including a motor sled, any snowmobile vehicle, a snow-grooming tractor or another special purpose machine (special equipment).

97. Motor sled – an open-type motorised vehicle intended for movement on snow/ice, which is steered by a steering mechanism.

98. Motor sled track – a road or part of a road intended for movement by motor sled, marked with the respective sign, which is structurally separated from another road or from other elements of the road.

Law of Georgia of 19 February 2016 No. 4789 - website, 7 March 2016.

Law of Georgia of 22 June 2016 No. 5509 - website, 29 June 2016.

Law of Georgia of 23 December 2017 No. 1913 – website, 28 December 2017.

Law of Georgia of 19 April 2019 No. 4525 – website, 24 April 2019.

Law of Georgia of 16 November 2021 No. 1011 – website, 22 November 2021.

Law of Georgia of 27 June 2024 No. 4336 – website, 12 July 2024.

Article 6. Ensuring road traffic safety: the means of ensuring road traffic safety are:🔗

a) regulation of the activity of motor transport, surface electric transport and road management;

b) organization of road traffic;

c) material and financial support of road traffic safety measures;

d) organization of the study by a person of road traffic safety rules and requirements;

e) development of a complex of measures for medical support of road traffic safety;

f) certification of a vehicle, related products and road management activity in accordance with the procedure established by the Code on Product Safety and Free Movement;

g) development and approval, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, of rules, standards, technical norms and other normative acts related to ensuring road traffic safety, as well as state supervision and control over their implementation.

Article 7. Powers of the executive authority of Georgia and of municipal bodies in the field of organizing road traffic and ensuring road traffic safety1. State supervision and control in the field of ensuring road traffic safety shall be exercised by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia and the relevant agencies within their competence, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.🔗

2. In the field of organizing road traffic and ensuring road traffic safety, the powers of the executive authority of Georgia are:

a) participation in the formulation of a unified state policy on the territory of Georgia in the field of ensuring road traffic safety;

b) creation of the legal basis established by this Law for ensuring road traffic safety;

c) creation of a unified system of rules, standards, technical norms and other normative acts related to matters of ensuring road traffic safety;

d) state supervision and control over road traffic safety, as well as over activities in this field, and implementation of appropriate preventive measures;

e) implementation by Georgia of international treaties and agreements in the field of ensuring road traffic safety;

f) exercise of other powers determined by the legislation of Georgia.

3. Municipal bodies, in accordance with the legislation of Georgia, shall independently decide matters of ensuring road traffic safety within their competence.

4. In the cases provided for by the Code of Administrative Offences of Georgia and the Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia, where there are grounds for moving a vehicle to a special or other type of guarded parking place, in order to ensure the achievement of the said goal, the procedure for selecting and using such a service shall be determined by an Order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

5. In order to prevent obstruction of road traffic, the procedure for regulating queues of trucks at border crossing points of sections of the state land border of Georgia shall be established by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

6. The rules for the safety of using a ski slope (movement/skiing) in a snow/ice skiing zone (territory) shall be established by a body authorized by the Government of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 19 February 2016 No. 4789 – website, 07.03.2016.

Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 6876 – website, 28.07.2020.

Article 8. Organization of State Accounting of the Main Indicators of the Road Traffic Safety Situation1. State accounting of the main indicators of the road traffic safety situation shall be conducted on the territory of Georgia. These indicators are: the number of road traffic accidents and of persons injured in these accidents, of mechanical vehicles and of drivers, the number of violators of road traffic rules, of administrative offences and of crimes committed in road traffic, as well as other indicators reflecting the state of road traffic safety and the activities for ensuring it.🔗

2. The policy of state accounting in the field of ensuring road traffic safety and its implementation shall be based on the state accounting system.

3. The procedure for conducting state accounting in the field of ensuring road traffic safety, for using accounting information and for generating reporting data shall be established by the legislation of Georgia.

Article 9. Programmes for Ensuring Road Traffic Safety1. State and local programmes shall be drawn up for the implementation of state policy in the field of ensuring road traffic safety, which provide for the reduction of the number of road traffic accidents and of the damage caused by these accidents.🔗

2. State programmes for ensuring road traffic safety shall be approved by the Government of Georgia.

3. Local programmes for ensuring road traffic safety shall be approved by the respective authorized bodies of the municipalities.

4. State and local programmes for ensuring road traffic safety shall be financed from the respective budgets.

Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 6876 – website, 28.07.2020.

Article 10. Main Requirements for Ensuring Road Traffic Safety during the Operation of a Vehicle1. The technical condition of a vehicle of a road traffic participant shall ensure road traffic safety.🔗

2. The owner of the vehicle or the person operating the vehicle shall be responsible for the technical serviceability of a vehicle of a road traffic participant.

Article 11. Periodic technical inspection 1. A motor vehicle operated on the territory of Georgia and registered in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia shall be subject to periodic technical inspection at inspection centres accredited in the relevant field (hereinafter – inspection centre) by the Legal Entity of Public Law – the unified national accreditation body – the Accreditation Centre (hereinafter – Accreditation Centre).🔗

2. Periodic technical inspection may be carried out at any inspection centre, regardless of the place of registration of the motor vehicle or the legal address of the person.

3. Accreditation of inspection centres shall be carried out in accordance with the rules and procedures of the accreditation system approved by the Accreditation Centre.

4. The requirements for the buildings and structures, equipment and technical qualification of the personnel of inspection centres shall be determined by a normative act of the Government of Georgia.

5. The requirements for periodic technical inspection, its periodicity and fees shall be determined by a normative act of the Government of Georgia.

6. The requirements for periodic technical inspection include technical requirements, compliance with which is to be determined by carrying out the periodic technical inspection, as well as the form of confirmation of the motor vehicle's passing thereof, the periodicity and the fee for different categories of motor vehicles.

7. The inspection centre specified in the first paragraph of this article shall be fully responsible for the confirmation of the passing of the periodic technical inspection and its lawfulness.

8. Liability for driving a motor vehicle without passing the periodic technical inspection shall be determined by the legislation of Georgia.

9. An inspection centre shall be obliged to provide information on activities related to periodic technical inspection, in the requested form, to the Accreditation Centre, as well as, within the scope of their powers, to the Legal Entity of Public Law within the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia and the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia – the Land Transport Agency. The Accreditation Centre shall be entitled, in accordance with the legislation of Georgia, to carry out an assessment of the inspection centre, including by video monitoring and on-site visits at any time, while the Legal Entity of Public Law within the system of the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia – the Land Transport Agency shall be entitled, in accordance with the legislation of Georgia, to monitor the process of periodic technical inspection, including by video monitoring and on-site visits at any time.

10. In order to ensure the proper monitoring of the periodic technical inspection process and the monitoring of the activities of the inspection centre, the Director of the Legal Entity of Public Law within the system of the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia – the Land Transport Agency, in compliance with the requirements of the legislative acts of Georgia, approves by Order the rules for the monitoring of the periodic technical inspection process (including video monitoring) and for the monitoring of the activities of the inspection centre.

Law of Georgia of 23 December 2017 No. 1913 – website, 28.12.2017.

Law of Georgia of 27 June 2024 No. 4334 – website, 12.07.2024.

Article 11¹. Roadside inspection in the roadside zone 1. Vehicles of categories "M2", "M3", "N1", "N2", "N3", "O3", "O4" shall be subject to roadside inspection in the roadside zone, which implies the checking of such vehicle in the roadside zone; in particular, the following matters shall be checked:🔗

a) compliance with the rules for the carriage of dangerous goods;

b) compliance with the driver's working and rest regime and the use of the electronic card of the control device (tachograph);

c) the technical roadworthiness of the vehicle;

d) compliance with the rules for securing cargo on the body;

e) compliance with the rules for the use of the relevant permit document related to international road carriage/transport;

f) compliance with the rules for the installation and calibration of the control device (tachograph) and the speed-limiting device;

g) the mass and dimensions of the vehicle.

2. Roadside inspection in the roadside zone shall be carried out, with the assistance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia, by an authorised person of the Legal Entity of Public Law within the system of the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia – the Land Transport Agency. The rules for roadside inspection in the roadside zone shall be determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

3. Violations of the relevant requirements determined by the normative acts of Georgia relating to the matters provided for by subparagraphs "a"–"f" of paragraph 1 of this article shall be divided, according to gravity, into first-degree, 2nd-degree and 3rd-degree violations. Such qualitative division of these violations shall be determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 27 June 2024 No. 4336 – website, 12.07.2024.

Article 12. Prohibition of operation of vehicles1. For the purpose of protecting road traffic safety, the following shall be prohibited:🔗

a) the operation of a motor vehicle in the presence of vehicle malfunctions established by the Government of Georgia;

b) driving a motor vehicle whose windows are tinted or whose light transmittance is otherwise restricted in violation of the procedure established by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

c) driving, during the period and at the place/road section determined by the legislation of Georgia, a vehicle any wheel of which is not equipped with a winter tire having appropriate characteristics;

d) taking into account meteorological conditions, driving, during the period and at the place/road section determined by the legislation of Georgia, a vehicle any wheel of which is not equipped with a winter tire having appropriate characteristics and on at least two driving wheels of which anti-skid chains having appropriate characteristics are not mounted.

2. The restriction established by subparagraph „b“ of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply to those motor vehicles whose list is established by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 15 December 2023 No. 4011 – website, 20.12.2023.

Article 13. Restriction or temporary termination of vehicle movement on the road1. Restriction or temporary termination of vehicle movement on the road shall be carried out:🔗

a) in the event of malfunction of the motor road, under conditions of limited visibility, during natural phenomena, in the case of a natural disaster, accident, catastrophe or other calamity, in order to ensure road traffic safety and the protection of human life, health and property, by the executive authorities of Georgia and the respective bodies of municipalities within the scope of their authority;

b) for conducting individual operative-search and investigative activities;

c) in other cases determined by the legislation of Georgia.

2. In the cases provided for by subparagraphs „b“ and „c“ of paragraph 1 of this Article, the driver of a vehicle shall, upon request, present to the authorized person of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia only an identity document for inspection.

Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 6876 – website, 28.07.2020.

Article 14. Activities related to the organization of road traffic1. Activities related to the organization of road traffic shall be carried out on the basis of the comprehensive use of those technical means which are regulated by the legislation of Georgia and are provided for by road traffic organization projects and schemes.🔗

2. Making changes in the organization of road traffic for the purpose of increasing road capacity or for another purpose at the expense of reducing road traffic safety shall be inadmissible.

Article 15. Basic requirements for ensuring road traffic safety during the design, construction, reconstruction and repair of roads1. In order to ensure road traffic safety on the territory of Georgia, the design, construction, reconstruction and repair of roads shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.🔗

2. A road that has been built, reconstructed and repaired shall be accepted for operation in compliance with construction norms and rules, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.

3. The customer shall be responsible for the quality of the construction, reconstruction and repair of the road.

4. After the acceptance for operation of a road that has been built, reconstructed and repaired, the owner of that road shall be responsible for its technical condition.

Article 16. Requirements related to environmental protection1. A driver shall ensure that the vehicle in his/her possession causes minimal damage to the environment.🔗

2. It shall be inadmissible to wash a vehicle in the sea, a lake, a reservoir, a river, another surface water body, or on their shores at a distance closer than 10 metres from the water.

3. A road traffic participant shall be prohibited from:

a) littering or otherwise polluting the road surface and the area adjacent to the road;

b) polluting the environment with fuel and lubricants;

c) driving a vehicle in the event of a leak of a substance that pollutes the environment.

4. In order to protect road traffic safety and the environment, the technical condition of a vehicle of a road traffic participant shall comply with the technical requirements imposed on vehicles by the legislation of Georgia.

Article 16¹. Additional requirements for ensuring road traffic safety when a vehicle is driven during the period and at the place/road section determined by Georgian legislation 1. When a vehicle is driven at the place/road section determined by the Government of Georgia during the winter period (from 1 December to 1 March), all its wheels shall be equipped with winter tyres having appropriate characteristics.🔗

2. In a special case, taking into account meteorological conditions, a period different from the period provided for by paragraph 1 of this Article may be determined by Order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

3. In the case provided for by paragraph 1 or 2 of this Article, in the presence of special meteorological conditions, the authorized unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia may impose an additional requirement regarding the attachment of anti-skid chains having appropriate characteristics to at least two drive wheels of a vehicle.

4. The appropriate characteristics of winter tyres and anti-skid chains provided for by this Article, the procedure for determining compliance of the said winter tyres and anti-skid chains with these characteristics, and the place/road section where, during the winter period (from 1 December to 1 March), the movement of a vehicle in violation of the requirements of this Article is inadmissible shall be determined by Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 15 December 2023 No. 4011 – website, 20.12.2023.

Article 17. Activities permitted only after obtaining a permit, admission or consent from an authorised body (agency) or by agreement with that body (agency) In order to ensure road traffic safety, the following activities shall be permitted only in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, after obtaining a permit, admission or consent from the relevant authorised body (agency), or by agreement with that body (agency):🔗

a) development of road traffic organisation schemes;

b) development of projects for the construction, reconstruction and repair of a road or road structure;

c) installation of a kiosk directly adjacent to a road and placement of another object which may impair visibility and/or impede the movement of a driver and a pedestrian;

d) regular passenger transportation on established routes (including regular passenger transportation within the administrative boundaries of a municipality);

d¹) transportation by light motor vehicle − taxi (M1 category) in the capital of Georgia;

e) holding mass, sports and other events on a road;

f) modification of a vehicle, installation on it of a special flashing signal and/or sound signal and/or special loudspeaker device, and/or giving a vehicle a special colouring, and/or painting inclined white stripes on the sides of a vehicle body;

g) movement on a road of an oversized (large-sized) or over-normative (heavyweight) vehicle;

h) movement of a vehicle carrying dangerous goods;

i) performance of any kind of work on a road which changes the existing organisation of road traffic on a given section of the road, the established regime of vehicle speeds, or obstructs the movement of road traffic participants;

j) other activities defined by the legislation of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 4 May 2018 No. 2264 – website, 24.05.2018.

Law of Georgia of 12 June 2020 No. 6292 – website, 19.06.2020.

Article 18. Obligations of an enterprise operating a vehicle, as well as of persons officially responsible for compliance with road traffic safety requirements1. An enterprise that operates a vehicle on the territory of Georgia shall:🔗

a) comply with the driver's work and rest regime established by the legislation of Georgia;

b) ensure that the technical condition of the vehicle complies with the technical requirements imposed on vehicles by the legislation of Georgia, and not allow the operation of a faulty vehicle;

c) without agreement with the relevant authorized body (agency) in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, not allow the movement on the road of a non-standard (oversized) or over-normative (overweight) vehicle owned by it, as well as a vehicle transporting dangerous cargo;

d) in accordance with the requirements established by paragraph 1 of Article 19 of this Law, affix identification signs to a vehicle in operation;

e) comply with other requirements established by the legislation of Georgia.

2. A person officially responsible for the admission of a vehicle to operation and for its technical condition shall be prohibited from:

a) putting into operation a technically faulty vehicle whose operation is prohibited, as well as a vehicle that has been converted in violation of established rules or is not registered in the established manner and/or has not undergone periodic technical inspection (except for exceptional cases established by the legislation of Georgia);

b) allowing to drive a vehicle a person who is in a state of alcoholic, narcotic or psychotropic intoxication and/or whose state of health does not meet the established requirements for driving, which poses a threat to road traffic, as well as a person who does not have the right to drive a vehicle of the given category or subcategory;

c) allowing a caterpillar-tracked mechanical vehicle to move on roads with asphalt and cement-concrete pavement.

3. A person officially responsible for the condition of a road, railway crossing and other road structure shall:

a) keep the road, railway crossing and other road structure in a condition safe for traffic;

b) take measures for the timely elimination of an obstacle created for traffic, as well as for the prohibition or restriction of traffic on individual sections of the road, if the use of this road poses a threat to road traffic.

4. A person officially responsible for carrying out works on a road shall:

a) shall ensure traffic safety at the place where works are being carried out on the road. Shall equip this place, as well as road-building machines, construction materials, structures, etc., parked there, which are not removed beyond the carriageway, with appropriate road signs, guiding and fencing devices, and during the hours of darkness or in conditions of insufficient visibility – with additional red and yellow signal lights;

b) at any time of day or night, shall not allow persons performing repair or construction works on the road without clothing visible from a long distance, phosphorescent and reflective;

c) upon completion of the works, shall ensure safe movement of vehicles and pedestrians on the road.

Law of Georgia No. 1913 of 23 December 2017 – website, 28.12.2017.

Article 19. Identification signs to be affixed to a vehicle1. The driver, and in the cases provided for by subparagraph „d“ of paragraph 1 of Article 18 of this Law – the enterprise, shall be obliged to affix the following identification signs to the vehicles specified by this paragraph:🔗

a) “Road train” – three orange lamps located horizontally above the cab, spaced from 150 to 300 mm from each other – is affixed to a road train and an articulated bus;

b) “Studs” – a white equilateral triangle with its apex pointing upwards and a red border, in which the black letter „j“ is inscribed (the side of the triangle is not less than 200 mm, the width of the border – 1/10 of the side) – is affixed to the rear of the vehicle on which studded tires are fitted;

c) “Dangerous goods” – a 400X300 mm rectangle, an orange plate with a 15 mm wide black border around it – on the front and rear of a vehicle transporting such goods, and in the case of a tanker – also on the sides (in the lower part of the plate the United Nations number of the goods shall be indicated, and in the upper part – the hazard identification number. They shall be separated by a 15 mm thick black horizontal line crossing the plate at half its height);

d) “Oversized (large-sized) cargo” – a 400X400 mm board on which alternating red and white stripes 50 mm wide with a reflective surface are drawn diagonally – is affixed to the front and rear of oversized (large-sized) vehicles and vehicles specified by paragraph 13 of Article 47 of this Law;

e) “Long vehicle” – a yellow rectangle not less than 1200X200 mm in size, with a 40 mm wide red border and a reflective surface – is affixed to the rear of an oversized (large-sized) vehicle whose length with or without cargo exceeds 20 metres, as well as to a combination of vehicles comprising two or more trailers. If it is impossible to affix a sign of the specified size, it is permissible to affix two identical signs of not less than 600X200 mm symmetrically with respect to the vehicle's axle;

f) “Transportation of children” – a yellow square with a red border (the side of the square is not less than 250 mm, the width of the border – 1/10 of the side), the symbol of road sign 1.24 in a black image – is affixed to the front and rear of a bus transporting groups of children;

g) “Hearing-impaired driver” – a yellow circle 160 mm in diameter with three black circles 40 mm in diameter inscribed inside, which are located at the corners of an imaginary equilateral triangle with its apex pointing downwards – is affixed to the front and rear of a mechanical vehicle driven by a hearing-impaired driver as defined by the joint order of the Minister of Internally Displaced Persons from the Occupied Territories, Labour, Health and Social Protection of Georgia and the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia;

h) "training vehicle" – a white isosceles triangle with the apex pointing upward with a red border, in which the black letter "r" is inscribed (the side of the triangle is not less than 200 mm, the width of the border is 1/10 of the side) – is affixed to the front and rear of the training vehicle. It is also permissible to install a two-sided sign on the roof of a passenger car;

i) "speed limit" – a reduced colour image of road sign 3.24, on which the permitted driving speed is indicated (the diameter of the sign is not less than 160 mm, the width of the border is 1/10 of the diameter) – is affixed to the rear, on the left, of the body of an oversized (large-sized) vehicle or of a vehicle transporting dangerous goods, driven by a driver with a record of work as a driver of up to 2 years, and also in the case where, according to its technical characteristics, the maximum speed of the vehicle is less than that determined by paragraph 7 of Article 33 of this Law.

2. At the driver's discretion, the following information signs may be affixed to a vehicle:

a) "person with disabilities" – a yellow square with a side of 150 mm and the symbol of road sign 8.17 in a black image – may be affixed to the front and rear of a mechanical vehicle driven by a person with a significantly pronounced disability status or a person with a severely pronounced disability status, or to a vehicle in which the said person (persons) is (are) transported, except where the municipality has defined a corresponding information sign and has defined the persons entitled to receive this sign;

b) "doctor" − a blue square with a side of 140 mm, with a white circle of 125 mm diameter inscribed therein, on which a red cross is depicted (height − 90 mm, stroke width − 25 mm) − may be affixed to a vehicle driven by a doctor driver;

c) "distinguishing sign of the state of registration" − the distinguishing sign of a vehicle registered in Georgia engaged in international traffic. The sign is in the form of an ellipse, the length of the axes of which is not less than 0.175 m × 0.115 m. The international code of Georgia "GE" is inscribed in the sign. The height of the Latin letters is not less than 0.08 m. They are depicted with strokes not less than 0.01 m in width. The letters are applied in black paint on a white background (the white background may be made of retroreflective material). The sign shall be affixed to the vehicle in such a way that it is not perceived as a registration number (state number plate) or its legibility is not impaired.

3. The information signs to be affixed to the vehicles determined by this Article are depicted in Annex No. 3 to this Law.

Law of Georgia of 5 July 2018 No. 3071 – website, 11.07.2018.

Law of Georgia of 17 July 2020 No. 7062 – website, 29.07.2020.

Article 20. Some rights and obligations of a road traffic participant1. A road traffic participant shall have the right, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia:🔗

a) to move freely and without hindrance on the road;

b) to receive from the authorised state bodies and the relevant body of municipalities, as well as from other authorised persons:

b.a) information on the conditions of road traffic safety;

b.b) information on the reason for imposing a restriction or termination of road traffic;

b.c) information on the quality of products and services related to ensuring road traffic safety;

b.d) primary medical, rescue and other assistance in the event of a road traffic accident;

c) to appeal against the action of an official authorised in the field of ensuring road traffic safety.

2. The exercise by a road traffic participant of his/her rights shall not restrict or violate the rights of other road traffic participants. A road traffic participant shall not, by his/her action, create a danger or obstruction to road traffic. He/she shall not create a danger to persons and shall not cause damage to state, public or private property.

3. A road traffic participant shall not, by stacking, scattering or leaving objects on the road or by creating any other obstruction on it, restrict road traffic and/or create a danger. A road traffic participant who, for an objective reason, has been unable to avoid creating such a restriction or such a danger, shall immediately take the necessary measures to avoid it, and if this cannot be done immediately, he/she shall ensure timely warning of other road traffic participants thereof.

4. It shall be prohibited to hand over a vehicle for driving to a person who is in a state of alcohol, narcotic or psychotropic intoxication.

5. It shall be prohibited to hand over a vehicle for driving to a person who does not have the right to drive a vehicle of the relevant category or subcategory, or whose this right has been suspended, withdrawn or terminated (cancelled) in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.

6. It shall be prohibited to open the door of a vehicle before it has come to a complete stop. Opening the door shall not create an obstruction or danger to other road traffic participants. On the side of the carriageway, the cycle path or the bicycle traffic lane, the door of a vehicle shall not be open for longer than the time necessary for passengers to board and alight. Boarding and alighting of passengers on the side of the carriageway or from the rear of a vehicle shall be permitted only if this does not create a danger to other road traffic participants.

7. A road traffic participant shall be obliged to comply with the requirements established by the legislation of Georgia related to road traffic safety.

Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 6876 – website, 28.07.2020.

Article 21. General duties of the driver/user of a ski slope 1. Every motor vehicle and combination of vehicles shall be driven by a driver.🔗

2. A driver whose state of health does not meet the health requirements necessary for driving a vehicle shall be prohibited from driving a vehicle.

3. A driver shall have the necessary knowledge and skills required for driving a vehicle. If driving a vehicle is permissible only after the granting of the corresponding driving right in the manner prescribed by the legislation of Georgia, a driver shall be prohibited from driving a vehicle of that category or subcategory without obtaining the corresponding driving right, as well as in the event of suspension, deprivation or termination (revocation) of that right.

3¹. A driver shall be prohibited from transporting passengers while driving a vehicle if, in accordance with the Law of Georgia on Combating Crimes against Sexual Freedom and Inviolability, on the basis of a court judgment, he/she has been deprived of the right to transport passengers by vehicle, including by public transport.

4. If a minimum age limit for a driver is established for the granting of the right to drive a vehicle, driving a vehicle shall be permissible only after reaching the established age.

5. A driver shall be obliged to know the traffic rules, as well as to be aware of such factors as affect the driver's actions, for example, fatigue, lack of sleep, taking medical preparations, consumption of alcohol, etc.

6. A driver shall exercise particular caution towards such road traffic participants as pedestrians (especially children, the elderly, persons with disabilities) and cyclists. A driver shall be obliged in all cases to give way to a blind pedestrian moving with a white cane or together with a guide dog.

6¹. Violation of safety rules by a user of a ski slope on a snow/ice slope and/or on a road (trail) shall be prohibited.

7. A driver shall ensure that his/her vehicle does not create an obstacle for other road traffic participants having priority.

8. When a vehicle is moving, a driver shall avoid any action not related to driving. A driver shall be prohibited from using a mobile means of communication while driving a vehicle. This prohibition shall not apply to cases where the driver uses an earphone of a mobile means of communication or the loudspeaker (or remote) conversation function of a mobile means of communication and has both hands free for driving the vehicle.

9. A driver shall, while driving a mechanical vehicle (except for a vehicle whose design does not provide for safety belts), use a safety belt in the established manner and ensure that a passenger sitting to his right or left, or a passenger at least 16 years of age sitting in the rear seat of the vehicle, who has a child under 3 years of age on his/her lap, uses a safety belt.

10. Before passing under a bridge, overpass, high-voltage transmission line, as well as in a tunnel or another similar place, the driver of a bus or truck shall make sure that the passage of the vehicle is safe.

11. The driver of a moped, motorcycle, two-wheeled electric self-balancing vehicle, or bicycle shall move on the road in such a way that all wheels of the vehicle touch the road surface.

12. The driver shall, before the start of the trip, check and, during the trip, ensure the technical serviceability of the vehicle.

13. The driver is prohibited from moving when the service brake system, steering mechanism, or towing device in a vehicle combination is faulty, as well as during the dark time of the day with simultaneously out-of-order (extinguished) low and high beam headlights (or in their absence) and/or rear clearance lights on a road where there is no artificial lighting or visibility is insufficient. When the windshield wiper on the driver's side is inoperative, driving a mechanical vehicle during fog, rain and snow is prohibited.

14. On the road, when a malfunction arises that is different from the malfunction defined by paragraph 13 of this article, and during which the operation of the vehicle may affect traffic safety, the driver shall eliminate it on the spot, and if this is impossible, he/she, in the manner prescribed by this Law and taking all necessary precautions, must move the vehicle to a parking place or repair place.

15. Driving a vehicle in a state of alcohol, narcotic or psychotropic intoxication, or under the influence of a medicinal preparation that reduces reaction and attention, is prohibited.

15¹. Sliding by a user of a sliding track on a snow/ice sliding slope and/or road (track), and driving a snowmobile in a state of alcohol, narcotic or psychotropic intoxication, or under the influence of a medicinal preparation that reduces reaction and attention, are prohibited.

[ 15². From the inclusion of a person in a special program for the substitution of drug addiction (hereinafter – substitution treatment) and/or from the person's intake of an increased dose of a substitution drug within the framework of substitution treatment, for 2 weeks his/her right to drive a vehicle of any category/subcategory shall be suspended.

15³. Except for the case provided for by paragraph 15² of this Article, a person involved in substitution treatment shall have the right, 3 hours after taking the dose of the substitution drug prescribed by the attending physician carrying out substitution treatment, to drive only a vehicle of category "AM", category "A" and/or category "B".

15⁴. A person involved in substitution treatment shall, when driving a vehicle, carry a certificate indicating the time of taking the substitution drug provided for by substitution treatment. (shall enter into force from 1 May 2026)

16. If there are sufficient grounds to believe that the driver/user of a sliding track is in a state of alcohol, narcotic or psychotropic intoxication, the driver/user of the sliding track shall, on the basis of a request of an authorized person of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia, undergo testing to determine intoxication-sobriety in the manner established by the legislation of Georgia.

17. The driver of a vehicle of the category or subcategory defined by Article 54 of this Law shall carry, and upon request of an authorized person of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia shall stop the vehicle and present to that person:

a) a document confirming the right to drive a vehicle of the category or subcategory that has legal force in the territory of Georgia, which he drives, as well as a document confirming the registration of this vehicle (unless otherwise provided by the legislation of Georgia);

b) a duly certified translation of the document/documents defined by subparagraph "a" of this paragraph, if the data reflected in the said document/documents is not in Georgian or Latin letters;

c) a document confirming the authority to possess or dispose of or use the given vehicle – in the case of the absence of the owner, when crossing the state border with his vehicle or moving to the territory of a country where the jurisdiction of Georgia does not extend.

18. The driver of a vehicle of the category or subcategory defined by Article 54 of this Law, being in international traffic in the territory of Georgia, shall affix to the vehicle the registration number and the distinguishing sign of the state (except when the distinguishing sign of the state is placed on the state registration number) where this vehicle is registered. At the same time, he shall carry, and upon request of an authorized person of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia shall stop the vehicle and present to that person:

a) a document confirming the right to drive a vehicle of the category or subcategory that has legal force in the territory of Georgia, which he drives, as well as a document confirming the registration of this vehicle;

b) a duly certified translation of the document/documents defined by subparagraph „a“ of this paragraph, if the data contained in the said document/documents are not set out in Georgian or Latin characters;

c) a document confirming the authority to possess or dispose of, or to use, the given vehicle – in the event of the absence of the owner, when crossing the state border with his/her vehicle or moving to the territory of a country where the jurisdiction of Georgia does not extend.

19. A driver participating in international traffic shall ensure movement with a technically sound control device (tachograph) in accordance with the requirements established by the European Agreement concerning the Work of Crews of Vehicles engaged in International Road Transport (AETR), as well as compliance with the work and rest regime.

20. In addition to the documents defined by paragraphs 17 and 18 of this Article, the driver of an oversized (large-sized) or overweight (heavy) vehicle and of a vehicle carrying dangerous goods shall carry, and, at the request of an authorised person of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia, present to him/her a document confirming agreement with the authorised body (agency) on movement by such motor vehicle or its permission for movement.

21. A driver shall obey the lawful request of an authorised person of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

22. A driver shall strictly fulfil the duties imposed on him/her by the legislation of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 19 February 2016 No. 4789 – website, 07.03.2016.

Law of Georgia of 21 April 2017 No. 711 – website, 10.05.2017.

Law of Georgia of 17 March 2020 No. 5760 – website, 23.03.2020.

Law of Georgia of 9 December 2025 No. 1145 – website, 15.12.2025.

Article 22. General requirements related to a drover1. Pack, draft and saddle livestock, as well as livestock being driven, on the road must have a drover who continuously ensures their handling. Droving on the road is permitted from the age of 16.🔗

2. The driving of livestock moving on the road, as well as of animal-drawn transport, shall be carried out at the distance closest to the edge of the carriageway or on the shoulder (if this does not obstruct pedestrians) in single file, in the direction of traffic.

3. Animal-drawn transport shall have a serviceable parking brake device provided for by its design and anti-roll supports, and it shall also be equipped with lights in accordance with the procedure established by this Law.

4. Columns of pack and saddle livestock, as well as of animal-drawn transport, when moving on the carriageway of the road shall be divided into groups, but not more than 10 pack and saddle livestock and 5 animal-drawn transport units in each. To facilitate overtaking, the distance between the groups shall be 80−100 metres.

5. The drover of animal-drawn transport, when entering from the area adjacent to the road or from a secondary road at a place where visibility is poor, shall lead the livestock by the halter.

6. Driving livestock across the road shall, as a rule, be carried out in the daylight hours.

7. When driving livestock across a railway track (taking into account the number of drovers), all the livestock shall be divided into groups so as to ensure the safe driving of each group.

8. A drover shall be prohibited from:

a) leaving livestock on the road unattended;

b) driving livestock across a railway track, except at places specially designated for this purpose, as well as during the dark hours of the day or in conditions of insufficient visibility (except for crossings located at different levels);

c) driving livestock along roads with asphalt and cement-concrete pavement where another road exists;

d) committing other unlawful acts defined by the legislation of Georgia.

9. If, as a result of a road traffic accident, livestock was killed or injured which was on the road unattended or in violation of the rules on grazing or driving livestock, the driver shall be released from the obligation to compensate the damage caused by its killing or injury.

Article 23. General duties of a passenger1. A passenger shall board the vehicle and alight from it after it has come to a complete stop, from the side of the pavement or shoulder, and if this is impossible – from the side of the carriageway, if he/she does not create an obstruction to other road traffic participants.🔗

2. A passenger shall be prohibited from:

a) diverting the driver's attention to anything else while the vehicle is in motion;

b) hindering the driver in driving the vehicle;

c) when travelling by a lorry with a platform body, standing on the body, sitting on the side board or placing cargo on it;

d) opening the door of a moving vehicle;

e) committing other unlawful acts defined by the legislation of Georgia.

Article 24. Requirements related to pedestrian movement1. Except for the cases provided for by this Law, a pedestrian shall not use the carriageway for movement. When moving on the carriageway, he/she shall exercise maximum care, shall not unreasonably obstruct and shall not impede the movement of vehicles.🔗

2. If at the edge of the carriageway there is a footpath, pavement or roadside suitable for pedestrian movement, the pedestrian shall use it, but shall observe the necessary precautions:

a) a pedestrian carrying a large item may move along the edge of the carriageway if his/her movement on the footpath, pavement or roadside would obstruct other pedestrians;

b) groups of pedestrians moving in an organised manner or walking in a procession may walk on the carriageway; at the same time, their movement on the carriageway is permitted only in the direction of vehicle movement, on the right side, in a column of not more than four persons. The group of pedestrians shall be accompanied in front and behind, on the left side, by escorts with red flags, and in the dark time of day or in conditions of insufficient visibility – with switched-on lamps (white in front, red behind).

3. The operation of paragraph 2 of this Article shall not extend to a person with disabilities moving in a wheelchair. He/she has the right to move along the edge of the carriageway in any case.

4. In the absence of a footpath, pavement and roadside or where it is impossible to use them, the pedestrian has the right to move on the carriageway. Where there is a cycle path, the pedestrian has the right to move on it if the traffic intensity permits, but he/she shall not impede the movement of bicycles and other vehicles for which movement on the cycle path is permitted.

5. In an unpopulated area, on a two-way road that has no dividing strip and no pavement, a pedestrian shall keep to the shoulder located on the side opposite to the direction of movement, and in the absence thereof or where it is impossible to use it − to the left side of the carriageway, and move against the direction of movement (except in the case where in the given situation movement on the right side of the carriageway in the direction of movement is safer), but a person pushing a bicycle, moped or motorcycle by hand, as well as a person with disabilities moving in a wheelchair, shall, for the purpose of movement, keep to the right side of the carriageway. In order to ensure traffic safety, in particular in conditions of poor visibility or in the case of high intensity of vehicle movement, pedestrians (except in cases of walking in a procession) who move on the carriageway shall, as far as possible, move in a single file.

6. In the cases provided for by paragraphs 2, 4 and 5 of this Article, when moving on the carriageway, a pedestrian shall be as close as possible to the edge of the carriageway.

7. When crossing at a pedestrian crossing:

a) If there is a traffic light intended for pedestrians at the crossing, the pedestrian shall comply with the requirements of the light signals of that traffic light;

b) If there is no traffic light intended for pedestrians at the crossing or it is not working, but the movement of vehicles is regulated by a traffic light or by a traffic controller, the pedestrian shall not enter the carriageway until the signals of the traffic light or the traffic controller permit the movement of vehicles on that carriageway.

8. A pedestrian shall cross the carriageway at pedestrian crossings, including overground and underground crossings, and in their absence – at an intersection, along the pavement or shoulder. If there is no pedestrian crossing or intersection within the visibility zone, crossing the road is permitted perpendicular to the axis of the carriageway, in the section where there is no dividing strip or fence and the road is clearly visible from both sides. Where there is no pedestrian crossing, a pedestrian shall not enter the carriageway until he has determined the distance to an approaching vehicle, its speed, and has satisfied himself of the safety of the crossing.

9. When entering the carriageway, a pedestrian shall not step out from in front of a stopped vehicle or another obstruction limiting visibility until he has satisfied himself that there is no approaching vehicle.

10. After entering the carriageway, a pedestrian shall not delay the crossing, shall not linger or stop on it, unless this is connected with ensuring traffic safety. A pedestrian who has not managed to cross the road shall stop on a safety island, on the dividing strip or line of traffic flows moving in opposite directions, and shall continue the crossing only after satisfying himself of the safety of further movement, taking into account the signals of the traffic light or the traffic controller.

11. A pedestrian shall refrain from crossing the carriageway when a vehicle is approaching that has activated a blue flashing special signal and a special sound signal, and a pedestrian on the carriageway shall give way to such a vehicle and/or shall immediately clear the carriageway.

12. A pedestrian using roller skates, a skateboard, a scooter, a sledge or other similar means shall not create a danger to persons moving in a wheelchair or to pedestrians on the pavement or pedestrian path.

13. Waiting for a route vehicle and a taxi is permitted only on a relatively raised boarding platform of the carriageway, and in its absence – on the pavement or shoulder. From the stopping point (stop) of a raised boarding platform, entering the carriageway in order to board a vehicle is permitted only after it has stopped. When alighting from a vehicle, a pedestrian shall immediately clear the carriageway.

14. A pedestrian is prohibited from moving on or along the dividing strip of a two-way road if there is no pavement on it.

15. Regulated and unregulated pedestrian crossings shall be interpreted in the same manner as in paragraph 2 of Article 36 of this Law.

Law of Georgia of 16 November 2021 No. 1011 – website, 22.11.2021.

Article 25. Rules of conduct of the driver in relation to pedestrians and certain circumstances to be taken into account by the driver when driving a vehicle1. When driving on the road, the driver shall not perform an act creating a danger to pedestrians.🔗

2. At a pedestrian crossing, in compliance with the requirements established by paragraph 6 of Article 21, paragraph 2 of Article 33 and paragraph 11 of Article 34 of this Law, the following requirements shall be fulfilled:

a) if the movement of vehicles is regulated by a traffic light or by a traffic controller, during the prohibiting signal the driver shall stop before the pedestrian crossing or at the transverse marking located in front of it, and when he receives the right to continue movement, he shall not obstruct and shall not create a danger to pedestrians who have entered the pedestrian crossing. If the driver makes a turn to enter another road at the entrance of which a pedestrian crossing is located, he shall make this turn only at low speed, and if necessary shall stop and let pass the pedestrians who have entered or are entering the crossing;

b) if the movement of vehicles is regulated neither by a traffic light nor by a traffic controller, the driver, when approaching a pedestrian crossing, shall duly reduce speed so as not to create a danger to pedestrians who have entered or are entering this crossing, and if necessary shall stop and let the pedestrians pass.

3. In compliance with the requirements established by paragraph 2 of Article 20 and paragraph 11 of Article 34 of this Law, in the absence of a pedestrian crossing on the carriageway marked with the appropriate road marking, road sign or traffic light, the driver who makes a turn to enter another road shall give way to pedestrians who have entered the carriageway of this road. He shall exercise particular caution with respect to pedestrians who are crossing the carriageway to board a route vehicle or after alighting from it.

4. The driver who intends to overtake a route vehicle standing at a duly marked stop on the side corresponding to the direction of movement shall reduce speed and, if necessary, stop, in order to ensure the possibility of passengers safely boarding or alighting from public transport.

5. The driver of a vehicle who, in the cases determined by this Law, has the right to enter areas intended for pedestrian movement, shall exercise maximum caution and move at low speed so as to stop if necessary.

6. The driver shall not enter a pedestrian crossing unless he has made sure in advance that he will not be forced to stop on it.

7. When exiting from an adjacent territory onto the road or entering the road from such territory, the driver shall give way to pedestrians.

8. When driving alongside a vehicle stopped on the road, the driver shall exercise particular caution with respect to a vehicle with an external lighting device switched on or with an open door, in order to ensure, where necessary, the timely avoidance of the danger arising from the unexpected appearance of pedestrians and children on the road.

9. If a route vehicle has stopped or slowed down before an unregulated pedestrian crossing, the drivers of other vehicles travelling in the adjacent lanes shall continue driving only after they are satisfied that there is no pedestrian in front of the stopped route vehicle.

10. When driving on the road, the driver shall take into account the following circumstances:

a) in conditions of insufficient or limited visibility, the driver shall reduce speed and increase the distance between his/her vehicle and the vehicle travelling in front of it;

b) when moving from a lit section of the road to a dark section, the eye slowly adapts to the darkness, which makes a possible obstacle in front of the driver difficult to notice;

c) when driving at night, on a poorly or unevenly lit section of the road, it is difficult for road traffic participants to notice one another;

c¹) when travelling in the winter period, the probability of the vehicle skidding is high (particularly where it is equipped with summer tyres). Accordingly, at that time the driver shall take into account the need to equip all wheels of the vehicle with winter tyres and, in a special case, taking into account meteorological conditions, − also the need to attach anti-skid chains to at least two driving wheels of the vehicle;

d) on an icy section of the road, the driver shall, as far as possible, avoid braking, changing speed and sharply changing direction. At the same time, the driver shall realise that the road is most often icy on a bridge, an overpass and a viaduct;

e) since, when driving in rain and snow, the time and distance required to brake the vehicle increase, and precipitation also worsens visibility, the driver shall reduce speed and increase the distance between his/her vehicle and the vehicle travelling in front of it;

f) when rain begins, the road surface becomes muddy and creates a risk of skidding, which is why the driver shall reduce speed by braking gently;

g) when driving in rainy weather, the driver shall exercise particular attention with respect to pedestrians, since their possible speed may create a dangerous situation;

h) sharply applying the brake in a bend and/or entering it at high speed (particularly where the road surface is wet) may cause loss of control over the vehicle;

i) where there are puddles on the road, the driver shall take into account that driving and braking the vehicle are difficult, and that the probability of the vehicle skidding is high (particularly when driving with worn tyres or at high speed);

j) If, while driving a vehicle, the driver feels fatigue, it is advisable to stop the vehicle and rest, and where possible − to have another driver take the wheel;

k) If the driver notices on the road the driver of another vehicle who is aggressively disposed and behaves provocatively, he shall remain calm and keep his vehicle under control;

l) When overtaking, an emergency situation most often arises due to failure to maintain distance and insufficient attention to vehicles moving in the oncoming direction;

m) Moving at high speed for a long time reduces concentration and the perception of high speed;

n) The driver shall drive the vehicle calmly, shall not display aggression and shall not seek to assert himself as being on a priority road;

o) Under normal traffic conditions, the time required to cover the distance between vehicles moving one after another in a settlement shall be not less than 2 seconds, and outside a settlement − not less than 3 seconds. This rule does not apply to the case of leaving the traffic lane for the purpose of overtaking a vehicle whose driver has given the appropriate signal regarding the intention to overtake, as well as to the cases provided for by subparagraph „p“ of this paragraph;

p) When moving on an icy road, the time required to cover the distance between vehicles moving one after another in a settlement shall be not less than 6 seconds, and outside a settlement − not less than 9 seconds. This rule does not apply to the case of leaving the traffic lane for the purpose of overtaking a vehicle whose driver has given the appropriate signal regarding the intention to overtake.

Law of Georgia of 29 April 2015 No. 3487 - website, 14.05.2015.

Law of Georgia of 15 December 2023 No. 4011 – website, 20.12.2023.

Article 26. Additional requirements for ensuring child safety1. A driver shall realise that a child's level of development does not give the child the ability to fully analyse road traffic conditions.🔗

2. On seeing a child on or near the road, or on seeing a stopped bus to which the identification sign "Transportation of Children" is affixed, the driver shall exercise particular caution and drive at a speed that averts danger and, where necessary, affords the possibility of stopping without sharp braking.

3. Transportation of children by a vehicle is permitted only in a seated position, with structurally designated seats. Transportation of children in a standing position is prohibited.

4. The identification sign "Transportation of Children" shall be affixed to a bus transporting a group of children. If the bus stops, the driver shall switch on the hazard warning lights. The adults accompanying the children shall ensure that the children board and alight from the bus, as well as the safe crossing of the carriageway by the children.

5. Transportation of a group of children is permitted only on a pavement or a footpath, and in their absence − on the shoulder. On an unlit road of a populated area and on a road of an unpopulated area, transportation of a group of children is permitted only during the light hours of the day and night. On a two-way road that has no dividing line, the group of children shall move on the shoulder located on the side opposite to the direction of traffic. The group of children shall be transported accompanied by an adult escort. At the same time, the group of children shall be divided into rows, with no more than two children in a row. The escort of the group of children shall ensure the safe movement of the children. It is advisable that, when moving on the road, the escort of the group of children wear a reflective safety vest. When the escort of the group of children gives a signal, the driver shall give way to the children who are crossing the carriageway.

6. It is prohibited to transport a child under 12 years of age:

a) in the front seat of a passenger car;

b) by moped and motorcycle;

c) by a small quadricycle with a design speed exceeding 25 km/h, if, given the design of the said vehicle, it is impossible to use a special child pram, seat or an appropriate restraint device when transporting the child;

d) by a motorised tricycle or quadricycle, if, given the design of the said vehicle, it is impossible to use a special child pram, seat or an appropriate restraint device when transporting the child.

7. Except for the cases provided for by paragraph 8 of this Article, when transporting a child under 3 years of age in the rear seat of a passenger car, a special child pram, seat or restraint device corresponding to the child's height and weight shall be used.

8. Transportation of a child under 3 years of age in a passenger car is permitted by means of a child passenger seat or in the lap of a passenger at least 16 years of age sitting in the rear seat of the passenger car. The said passenger shall use a safety belt. It is inadmissible for more than one child to sit in the lap of one passenger.

9. It is prohibited to leave a child under 6 years of age unattended in a stopped vehicle.

Law of Georgia of 21 April 2017 No. 711 – website, 10.05.2017.

Article 27. Obligations of a driver involved in a road traffic accident1. A driver involved in a road traffic accident shall:🔗

a) immediately stop (not move from the place) the vehicle, switch on the hazard warning lights;

b) make sure that no one has been injured or killed as a result of the road traffic accident;

c) immediately notify the relevant service within the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia about the occurrence and, if there is no urgent necessity for him to go to a medical institution or to transport an injured person there, remain at the place of the road traffic accident and wait for the arrival of an authorised person;

d) take the necessary measures to ensure traffic safety at the place of the road traffic accident, refrain from changing anything at the place of the accident or destroying the traces that may be useful for establishing liability, and record the surnames of eyewitnesses;

e) take the necessary measures to provide first medical aid to a person injured as a result of the road traffic accident, call an emergency medical service, in case of urgent necessity send the injured person to the nearest medical institution by another vehicle travelling on the way, and if this is impossible − take him himself, except in the case where there are reasonable suspicions that the transportation may cause harm to the injured person.

2. If no one has been injured as a result of the road traffic accident, the drivers, on the basis of an assessment of the existing circumstances, may by agreement draw up a scheme of the accident in advance, sign it and go to the nearest unit of the patrol police in order to formalise this fact.

3. If, in the presence of the circumstances defined by subparagraphs „c“ and „e“ of paragraph 1 of this Article, the driver is forced to leave the place of the road traffic accident due to the necessity of going to a medical institution, he shall state his identity at the medical institution (present an identity document and the registration documents of the vehicle) and, if this is not impossible, return to the place of the accident.

Article 28. Interrelation of traffic controller signals, traffic light signals, road signs and road markings 1. Road traffic participants shall comply with the requirements of traffic controller signals, traffic light signals, road signs and road markings even when they consider that these requirements contradict the road traffic rules.🔗

2. Traffic controller signals shall prevail over the requirements of traffic light signals, road signs and road markings and the requirements of the road traffic rules. When traffic is regulated by a traffic controller at an intersection, prohibitory and mandatory road signs shall continue to apply, except when the traffic controller specifically indicates that their requirements shall be disregarded.

3. The requirements of traffic light signals shall prevail over the requirements of road signs determining the right of way and road markings.

4. If the requirements of road signs and road markings contradict each other, the driver shall comply with the requirements of the road signs.

5. If a road sign is installed on a temporary portable stand on the road or on a motor vehicle of an organization carrying out road works (hereinafter – temporary road sign), whose requirements contradict the requirements of a road sign permanently installed on the same section of road, the driver shall comply with the requirements of the temporary road sign.

Article 29. Traffic light 1. A traffic light is used on the road for regulating road traffic by coloured light signals, as well as for marking a dangerous section of the road. Red, yellow (or yellowish), green or white light signals are used on a traffic light. Depending on their purpose, traffic lights may have one, two, three or four coloured light signals; at the same time, the arrangement of the coloured light signals may be vertical or horizontal or "T"-shaped. Additionally, an arrow/arrows, a pedestrian silhouette or a bicycle (cyclist) outline may be depicted on the coloured light signals of a traffic light. For additional information of road traffic participants about the remaining time (seconds) of operation of the red, yellow and green light signals, a digital electronic board may be used. For informing a blind pedestrian about the possibility of crossing the roadway, a sound signal may be added to the coloured light signals of a pedestrian traffic light. If a traffic light has a sound signal, an intermittent sound signal informs the pedestrian about the activation of the red light signal of the traffic light and prohibits movement, while a continuous sound signal informs him/her about the activation of the green signal of the traffic light and permits movement.🔗

2. The coloured light signals of a traffic light have the following meaning:

a) Red light signal or red flashing light signal prohibits movement;

b) Simultaneously activated red and yellow light signals prohibit movement and notify of the expected activation of the green light signal;

c) Yellow light signal prohibits movement, except for the cases provided for by paragraph 14 of this Article, and notifies of the expected change of the light signal;

d) Yellow flashing light signal permits movement and notifies of the existence of an unregulated intersection, pedestrian or cyclist crossing or an expected danger;

e) Green light signal permits movement;

f) Green flashing light signal permits movement and informs road traffic participants that its duration is expiring and a prohibitory signal will soon be switched on.

3. For the regulation of the movement of vehicles on the roadway, a traffic light with three round coloured light signals arranged vertically or horizontally is used. On a traffic light with vertically arranged coloured light signals, the coloured light signals are arranged in the following sequence: at the top – red, in the middle – yellow, at the bottom – green; moreover, at the level of the green light signal, the traffic light may have on the right and/or on the left one or two additional sections in the form of a green light signal with an image of an arrow/arrows. On a traffic light with horizontally arranged coloured light signals, the coloured light signals are arranged in the following sequence: on the right – red, in the middle – yellow, on the left – green; moreover, on the right and/or on the left, the traffic light may have one or two additional sections in the form of a green light signal with an image of an arrow/arrows. If traffic lights are located above each traffic lane on the side of the oncoming direction of the roadway, the effect of each traffic light extends only to the traffic lane above which it is located.

4. For the regulation of the movement of vehicles on lanes of the roadway where the direction of movement changes to the opposite, a reversible traffic light with a red X light signal and a downward-pointing green arrow is used. This signal and arrow respectively prohibit movement in the lane or permit movement in the lane above which they are located. To the main coloured light signals of the reversible traffic light may be added a yellow or white light signal with an arrow inclined diagonally downwards – to the right or to the left, the switching on of which notifies of the subsequent change of the coloured light signal and of the obligation to move to the lane indicated by the arrow. A switched-off reversible traffic light located above a lane marked on both sides by road marking 1.9 prohibits entering that lane.

5. For the regulation of movement on a lane specially allocated for the movement of route vehicles, four yellowish round light signals arranged in a "T" shape may be used. Movement is permitted only when the lower and one or several upper light signals are switched on simultaneously, of which the left one grants the right to move to the left, the middle one – straight ahead, and the right one – to the right. If only the three upper light signals are switched on, movement is prohibited.

6. For the regulation of the movement of pedestrians and two-wheeled electric self-balancing vehicles, a traffic light with two round coloured light signals arranged vertically is used. The coloured light signals are arranged in the following sequence: at the top – red, at the bottom – green. In the absence of this type of traffic light at a crossing, a pedestrian and the driver of a two-wheeled electric self-balancing vehicle shall be guided by the vehicular traffic light. At the same time, they are granted the right to move only when the movement of vehicles is prohibited.

7. Drivers of bicycles and other vehicles moving on a cycle path or in a bicycle traffic lane shall, at an intersection with the carriageway of this road, be guided by the coloured light signals of a traffic light intended for regulating bicycle traffic. For regulating bicycle traffic, a traffic light with two or three vertically arranged round coloured light signals shall be used. The coloured light signals shall be arranged in the following sequence: at the top − red, in the middle − yellow (if present), at the bottom − green. For regulating the movement of a bicycle driver, a reduced-size traffic light with round signals may be used, with a rectangular (200X200 mm) white additional plate bearing the image of a black bicycle. In the absence, at an intersection with the carriageway, of traffic lights of these types, the said road traffic participants shall be guided by the rule established for pedestrians by paragraph 6 of this Article.

8. At a railway crossing, at the approach to a drawbridge, at the approach to a ship or ferry, at the exit of a fire engine onto the road, and at a place where the trajectory of an aircraft crosses the road at a low altitude, two alternately flashing or one flashing red or yellow light signal shall be used, placed on one mast, at the same height, facing one side, of which the red light signal prohibits crossing the "Stop" line, and in its absence − passing beyond the traffic light, while the yellow light signal means that drivers may continue moving but are at the same time obliged to exercise particular caution. If the coloured light signals are switched off, movement shall be permitted only when, within the limits of visibility, no train (locomotive, railcar) approaching the crossing is visible.

9. At a railway crossing, together with the red flashing light signal of the traffic light, an audible signal may be given, which additionally notifies road traffic participants of the prohibition of movement at the railway crossing.

10. Green, yellow and red light signals bearing an arrow/arrows have the same meaning as arrowless light signals of the corresponding colour, but their effect extends only to the direction/directions indicated by the arrow/arrows. At the same time, an arrow permitting a left turn also grants the right to make a U-turn, unless this is prohibited by the corresponding road sign or road marking. The same meaning is attributed to an arrow depicted on the green light signal in an additional section of the traffic light. A switched-off light signal of an additional section of the traffic light indicates that movement in the direction regulated by this section is prohibited.

11. The outline arrow/arrows depicted on the main green light signal of the traffic light notify the driver of the possible existence of an additional section on the traffic light and indicate other permitted directions of movement that differ from the coloured light signal of this section.

12. Road traffic participants shall be obliged to comply with the requirements of the coloured light signal of the traffic light even if these requirements contradict the requirements of road signs and road markings determining the right of way.

13. When the prohibitive light signal of the traffic light (except for the reversible one) is on, the driver shall stop at the „Stop“ line (or at road sign 7.16), and in the absence thereof:

a) at an intersection − before the carriageway of the intersecting road (in accordance with subparagraph „e“ of paragraph 3 of Article 36 of this Law), in such a way as not to create an obstacle for a pedestrian;

b) before a railway crossing – in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 39 of this Law;

c) in another place – before the traffic light or the traffic controller, in such a way as not to create an obstacle for the vehicle and the pedestrian that have been granted the right to move.

14. A driver who, when the yellow light signal is switched on, cannot stop at the places determined by paragraph 13 of this Article without abrupt braking shall be entitled to continue moving. A pedestrian who, when the prohibitive light signal is switched on, is on the carriageway shall clear it, and if this is impossible − shall stop on the dividing line of traffic flows moving in opposite directions.

Law of Georgia of 16 November 2021 No. 1011 – website, 22.11.2021.

Article 30. Regulator and its signals1. The regulator shall regulate road traffic where, in order to ensure safety, the regulation of road traffic must be carried out differently from the requirements of the coloured flashing light signals of traffic lights, road signs and/or road markings (and, in their absence, the rules established for road traffic), or the existing means of organising road traffic cannot ensure the normal flow of road traffic for a certain period of time, or where there are obstacles or traffic jams during road traffic, as well as in other cases determined by the legislation of Georgia.🔗

2. The regulator shall be clearly visible and distinguishable from a sufficient distance both by day and by night. The regulator's signals shall be clearly visible and unambiguously understandable to road traffic participants. The regulator shall give a signal in a timely manner so that the driver does not create a danger by a sudden manoeuvre or a rapid change of speed and/or does not impede the movement of other road traffic participants.

3. Road traffic shall be regulated by authorised persons of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia. Within the scope of the authority conferred by the legislation of Georgia, road traffic may also be regulated by:

a) authorised persons of the Ministry of Defence of Georgia – when transport convoys belonging to the Ministry of Defence of Georgia are moving;

b) employees of the Special State Protection Service – in the presence of circumstances determined by the legislation of Georgia;

c) rescuers and persons participating in rescue operations – in order to ensure the performance of rescue operations;

d) members of the emergency assistance brigade – when providing emergency medical assistance;

e) the escort (accompanying person) of a group of children – in order to ensure the safety of children;

f) railway employees – at a railway crossing;

g) organisers of ferry transportation – in a port;

h) the owner of the road or other persons appointed by an authorised body (agency) as temporary regulators of road traffic – during the performance of road works, or during a coordinated event, or in the case of other obstruction of road traffic, or during the temporary closure of the road;

i) persons escorting the cargo of an oversized (large-sized) or over-normative (heavyweight) vehicle or of a vehicle transporting dangerous cargo – in order to avoid obstruction of road traffic or danger.

4. Road traffic participants shall immediately comply with the requirements of the signals of the road traffic regulator even where these requirements contradict the requirements of the coloured flashing light signals of traffic lights, road signs, road markings and other rules of road traffic.

5. The regulator's signals have the following meaning:

a) One arm raised upwards − this gesture means the signal "Attention, stop" for all road traffic participants, except for those drivers who can no longer stop by sharp braking and observing sufficient safety conditions. In addition, if this signal is given at an intersection, a driver who has already entered the intersection may continue moving. A pedestrian who is on the carriageway at the time the signal is given must clear it, and if this is impossible − must stop on the line dividing the oncoming traffic flows;

b) Arms extended to the side or lowered − this gesture means the signal "Stop" for those road traffic participants who, regardless of their direction of movement, are moving in the direction that intersects the direction indicated by the traffic controller's extended arm or arms; at the same time, from the right and left sides of the traffic controller, a tram is entitled to move straight, a trackless vehicle is entitled to move straight and to the right, and a pedestrian is entitled to cross the carriageway;

c) Right arm extended forward − this gesture means the signal "Stop" for all drivers moving from the right side and the back of the traffic controller; at the same time, from the left side of the traffic controller, a tram is entitled to move to the left, and a trackless vehicle is entitled to move in all directions. From the chest side of the traffic controller, all vehicles are entitled to move only to the right. A pedestrian is entitled to cross the carriageway behind the back of the traffic controller;

d) Movement of red light − this signal means the signal "Stop" for all road traffic participants on whose side this light is directed.

6. In addition to the signals defined by paragraph 5 of this article, the traffic controller is entitled to give drivers and pedestrians, by means of hands, other signals understandable to them.

7. A driver whom the traffic controller has prohibited from moving by giving a signal shall stop at the "Stop" line (or at road sign 7.16), and in its absence:

a) at an intersection − before the carriageway to be crossed (in accordance with subparagraph "e" of paragraph 3 of Article 36 of this Law), so as not to create an obstacle for a pedestrian;

b) before a railway crossing − in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 39 of this Law;

c) in another place − before the traffic light or the traffic controller, so as not to create an obstacle for the vehicle and the pedestrian that have been given the right to move.

8. If the traffic controller conveys a demand to stop the vehicle by a loudspeaker device or by gesticulation directed at the vehicle, the driver shall stop at the place indicated by the traffic controller.

9. The traffic controller gives a signal:

a) with a baton having black and white stripes;

b) with a light reflector with a red disc;

c) with a disc on which the road sign "Movement prohibited" is depicted;

d) by hand;

e) with a red or yellow light;

f) by movement of red light.

10. An additional signal given by the traffic controller by whistle is intended to attract the attention of road traffic participants.

Article 31. Positioning of a vehicle on the road 1. On all roads of Georgia, right-hand traffic is established as the direction of movement.🔗

2. Except in necessary cases, a driver shall move only on the road, carriageway, traffic lane or path that is intended for a road traffic participant of his/her category/subcategory.

3. For the movement of a trackless vehicle, the number of traffic lanes is determined by road markings and/or road signs 5.15.1, 5.15.2, 5.15.7 and 5.15.8, and in their absence – by the driver himself, taking into account the width of the carriageway, the dimensions of the vehicles and the necessary interval between them. On a two-way road that has a dividing strip, the carriageway located to the left of the dividing strip shall be considered the side for traffic in the opposite direction; in the absence of a dividing strip – half of the width of the carriageway located on the left. When tram tracks are located in the middle of the carriageway, at the same level with it, an imaginary middle line between the tram tracks moving in opposite directions shall be considered the divider of the sides of opposite traffic. On a two-way road with three traffic lanes marked by road markings, only the traffic lane located on the right side shall be considered the side for oncoming traffic, unless otherwise provided by the organization of road traffic.

4. Except for cases provided for by this Law, drivers of a two-wheeled electric scooter, a moped, a bicycle and other trackless vehicles, in the absence of a traffic lane or path intended for them, have the right to use any roadside suitable for this purpose in the direction of movement, if this does not obstruct other road traffic participants.

5. Except for cases provided for by this Law, a driver of a vehicle shall, insofar as circumstances permit, be located close to the right edge of the carriageway.

6. Unless otherwise provided by the organization of road traffic, on a road with two or three carriageways, a driver of a vehicle shall be prohibited from entering the carriageway of the side of traffic in the opposite direction.

7. On a two-way road with three traffic lanes (except for road marking 1.9), a driver of a vehicle shall not move into the outer lane of the carriageway where traffic in the opposite direction is carried out. If on a road with three traffic lanes the middle lane is used for traffic in both directions, entering this lane is permitted only for the purpose of overtaking, bypassing an obstacle, turning left or making a U-turn.

8. On a two-way road that has at least four traffic lanes, a driver of a vehicle shall not enter the lanes on which traffic in the opposite direction is carried out.

9. Subject to the requirements established by Article 34 of this Law, if a traffic lane is designated by a road sign for the movement of slow-moving vehicles, drivers of this type of vehicle shall drive in the said lane.

10. In a settlement, subject to the requirements established by paragraphs 11–13 of this Article, paragraph 1 of Article 38 and paragraph 2 of Article 43, a driver may drive in the oncoming traffic lane that is more convenient for him. Changing lanes is permitted only for the purpose of turning right or left, making a U-turn, overtaking or stopping.

11. Outside a settlement, as well as in a settlement on that section of the carriageway where movement is permitted at a speed exceeding 80 km/h, a driver shall drive as close as possible to the right edge of the carriageway. It is prohibited to occupy the left lane when the right lane is free, except in the case of going around an obstacle, turning left or making a U-turn.

12. Unless otherwise provided by this Law, on any carriageway, where there are three or more traffic lanes designated for movement in the oncoming direction, occupying the outermost left traffic lane is permitted only during intensive traffic, when the other traffic lanes are occupied, as well as for the purpose of overtaking, turning left or making a U-turn, and for a truck — only when turning left or making a U-turn. Entering the left traffic lane of a one-way road for the purpose of standing or stopping may be done only in compliance with the requirements established by paragraph 2 of Article 37 of this Law.

13. A slow-moving vehicle shall move in the outermost right lane, except when it is going around an obstacle or overtaking, or turning left or making a U-turn. The prohibition established by this paragraph shall not apply to vehicles of road-maintenance and public utility services equipped with an orange or yellow flashing special warning light when they are carrying out works on roads.

14. Mopeds and/or motorcycles without sidecars are permitted to move in two rows in the oncoming direction in a traffic lane.

15. Subject to the requirements established by paragraph 6 of Article 32 of this Law, movement is permitted on tram tracks of the oncoming direction located on the left side at the same level as the carriageway, if all traffic lanes designated for movement in the oncoming direction are occupied, as well as when going around an obstacle or overtaking, or turning left or making a U-turn. At the same time, no obstacle shall be created for the movement of the tram. Entering the tram tracks of the opposite direction is prohibited.

16. If the carriageway is divided into traffic lanes by road marking lines, the driver of a vehicle shall drive in the marked traffic lanes. Crossing road markings (broken lines) is permitted only when performing the manoeuvre of going around an obstacle, overtaking, turning left or right, stopping or making a U-turn.

17. When entering a carriageway section on which reverse traffic is in place, the driver of a vehicle shall move in such a way as to take the right-hand outermost traffic lane upon exiting the intersection of the carriageways. Changing to another traffic lane shall be permitted only after the driver is satisfied that oncoming traffic is permitted in that traffic lane.

18. Except for the cases provided for by paragraph 1 of Article 37 and paragraph 2 of Article 43 of this Law, the movement of a mechanical vehicle on the shoulder, in the bicycle traffic lane, on the cycle path, on the pavement and on the pedestrian path shall be prohibited. With observance of traffic safety measures, a mechanical vehicle delivering cargo shall be permitted to approach by the shortest route an enterprise and facility located directly adjacent to the shoulder, the bicycle traffic lane, the cycle path, the pavement and the pedestrian path, if no other possibility exists for this. The prohibition established by this paragraph shall not apply to vehicles of road maintenance and utility services.

19. On a carriageway section whose outermost traffic lane(s) or cycle paths are designated for the movement of a specific category of vehicles, the term "edge of the carriageway" for other road traffic participants means the edge of the remaining carriageway.

Law of Georgia of 29 April 2015 No. 3487 – website, 14.05.2015.

Law of Georgia of 16 November 2021 No. 1011 – website, 22.11.2021.

Article 32. Commencement of movement and general requirements related to manoeuvres 1. A driver who intends to perform any manoeuvre shall commence this manoeuvre only after he is satisfied that he will not create a danger to road traffic participants moving behind, in front of and beside him both in the same and in the opposite direction, taking into account their location, direction of movement and speed.🔗

2. Before starting a manoeuvre, the driver shall switch on the turn indicator of the corresponding direction, and if it is absent or out of order, shall signal by hand. A left turn or U-turn signal corresponds to the left arm extended horizontally to the side or the right arm extended to the side and bent upwards at a right angle at the elbow. A right turn signal corresponds to the right arm extended horizontally to the side or the left arm extended to the side and bent upwards at a right angle at the elbow. A braking signal corresponds to the left or right arm raised vertically upwards. The signal by turn indicator or by hand shall be given in good time, before the start of the manoeuvre, and shall be stopped immediately upon its completion (the giving of the signal by hand may be stopped immediately before the start of the manoeuvre). At the same time, the signal shall not mislead other road traffic participants. Giving a signal by turn indicator or by hand does not give the driver priority and does not release him from the obligation to take the necessary precautions.

3. When entering the road from an adjacent territory, the driver shall yield the road to a vehicle and a pedestrian moving on the road, and when leaving the road – to those pedestrians, drivers of bicycles, mopeds and two-wheeled electric scooters whose path he is crossing.

4. When changing from one traffic lane to another without changing the direction of movement, the driver shall yield the road to a vehicle moving in the same direction in the traffic lane into which he is changing. When vehicles moving in the same direction simultaneously change traffic lanes and their movement trajectories intersect, the right of way shall be given to the driver of the vehicle on the right.

5. Except for the case where a turn is made to enter an intersection where roundabout traffic is organised, before turning right or left, as well as before a U-turn, the driver of a vehicle shall in good time take the corresponding extreme position on the carriageway that is intended for movement in the same direction.

6. If there are tram tracks in the same direction located on the left side at the same level as the carriageway, the driver of a vehicle shall perform a left turn and a U-turn on these tracks, unless another order of movement is established by road signs 5.15.1 and 5.15.2. At the same time, no obstacle shall be created for the movement of the tram.

7. Before turning right or left in order to exit onto another road or to enter the territory adjacent to the road, in such a way as not to violate the requirements established by paragraph 2 of Article 20 of this Law and paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, if the driver of a vehicle intends to leave the road:

a) on the right side, the vehicle shall move as close as possible to the right edge of the carriageway and then perform the shortest possible manoeuvre;

b) on the left side, the vehicle shall, as far as possible, approach the axis of the carriageway of the road (on a two-way road) or the left edge of the carriageway (on a one-way road), and if it intends to exit onto another two-way road, it shall perform the turn in such a way that, when leaving the intersection of the carriageways, the vehicle does not end up on the side of oncoming traffic.

8. If the driver, due to the dimensions of the vehicle or for another reason, cannot perform the turn, taking into account the requirements established by paragraph 7 of this Article, deviation from these rules is permissible, if traffic safety is ensured and no obstruction is created for other road traffic participants.

9. When turning left or turning around beyond an intersection, the driver of a railless vehicle shall give way to a vehicle moving in the opposite direction and to a tram moving in the oncoming direction.

10. If, when turning around beyond an intersection, the width of the carriageway is insufficient for turning around from the extreme left position, this manoeuvre may be performed from the right edge of the carriageway or from the right shoulder. At the same time, the driver shall give way to vehicles moving in the oncoming and opposite directions.

11. If, at an intersection, the width of the carriageway is insufficient for turning around from the extreme left position, the driver shall perform this manoeuvre beyond the intersection, except in the case where the width of the road in the vicinity of the intersection does not make this possible. In all cases, traffic safety shall be ensured and no obstruction shall be created for other road traffic participants. The rule defined by this paragraph shall not apply to intersections where turning around is prohibited by the relevant road sign or road marking.

12. If the traffic trajectories of vehicles intersect and the order of passage is not determined, the driver shall give way to the vehicle approaching it from the right.

13. If there is a deceleration lane, the driver who intends to turn shall move onto this lane in good time and then reduce speed.

14. If there is an acceleration lane at the place of exit onto the road, the driver shall move in this lane and, when moving into the adjacent traffic lane, shall give way to vehicles moving in that lane.

15. Turning around a vehicle is prohibited:

a) at a pedestrian crossing;

b) in a tunnel;

c) on a bridge, overpass, flyover and under them;

d) at a railway crossing;

e) on a road where visibility is less than 100 metres in at least one direction;

f) at a place where there is a stopping point;

g) at another place determined by this Law.

16. A driver who intends to turn around or to move in reverse shall make sure that he can perform this manoeuvre in such a way as not to create a danger and not to obstruct other road traffic participants. If necessary, the assistance of another person is advisable. Reverse movement is prohibited at an intersection, on a motorway and in the places determined by paragraph 15 of this Article.

17. Taking into account the requirements established by this Article, a driver may pass on the right or on the left around a safety island, pump or other device installed on the carriageway over which he is moving, except when:

a) a road sign indicates from which side the driver must pass around the safety island, pump or other device;

b) the safety island, pump or other device is located on the axis of the carriageway of a two-way road. In this case, the driver must pass around the safety island, pump or other device only from the right side.

Law of Georgia of 16 November 2021 No. 1011 – website, 22.11.2021.

Article 33. Speed and distance 1. The driver is prohibited from driving a vehicle by exceeding the speed limit established by this Law. The selected speed must enable the driver to maintain constant control of the vehicle so that traffic safety is ensured.🔗

2. When driving a vehicle, the driver must take into account road conditions (terrain, condition of the road and the vehicle, its load, atmospheric conditions, traffic intensity, insufficient or limited visibility and others), so that, if necessary, and also before any danger or obstacle, the driver takes all possible measures to ensure safety, reduces speed and, if necessary, stops.

3. The driver shall not, without special grounds, by driving at an excessively low speed, impede the movement of other vehicles.

4. The driver is prohibited from sudden braking, except for braking caused by the necessity to avoid a road traffic accident.

5. A driver who intends to noticeably reduce speed, if this reduction of speed is not caused by an immediate danger, must first make sure that he/she can do so in such a way as not to create a danger to other road traffic participants and not to excessively impede their movement. In addition, the driver must clearly signal in advance by hand the intention to slow down, except when there are no vehicles behind him/her or they are at a very great distance, however these requirements do not apply if the signal for slowing down is given by means of the "STOP" signal existing on the vehicle.

6. Unless otherwise provided by this Law, in a settlement, vehicle movement is permitted at a speed not exceeding 60 km/h, and in a residential zone — at a speed not exceeding 20 km/h. If in a settlement road conditions allow the possibility of movement at high speed, by installing the corresponding road sign, the speed of movement may be increased on certain sections of the road.

7. Except for cases established by this Law, in an unsettled area, as well as in a settlement on that section of the road where, by the corresponding road sign, movement is permitted at a speed of more than 60 km/h, the following is permitted:

a) movement of vehicles of category "A", as well as subcategories "A1", "A2" and "B1", on all roads at a speed not exceeding 80 km/h;

b) movement of a vehicle of category "B":

b.a) if it is not towing a light trailer, on a motorway at a speed not exceeding 110 km/h, and on another road — at a speed not exceeding 90 km/h;

b.b) if it is towing a light trailer, on all roads at a speed not exceeding 80 km/h;

c) movement of a vehicle of category "BE" on all roads at a speed not exceeding 70 km/h;

d) movement of vehicles of categories "C" and "CE", as well as subcategories "C1" and "C1E":

d.a) on a motorway at a speed not exceeding 80 km/h, and on another road — at a speed not exceeding 70 km/h;

d.b) in accordance with the established procedure, in the case of carriage of passengers with a body, on all roads at a speed of not more than 60 km/h;

e) movement of vehicles of subcategories "D1" and "D1E" on all roads at a speed of not more than 80 km/h;

f) movement of vehicles of categories "D" and "DE" on a motorway at a speed of not more than 80 km/h, and on another road − at a speed of not more than 70 km/h.

8. Unless otherwise provided by this Law, the following is permitted in a settlement or an unsettled point:

a) movement of vehicles of categories "T" and "S" on all roads at a speed of not more than 40 km/h;

b) movement of a vehicle of category "AM" on the carriageway at a speed of not more than 45 km/h;

c) movement of a two-wheeled electric scooter on all roads where the movement of a vehicle of this category is permitted, at a speed of not more than 20 km/h;

d) movement of a mechanical vehicle which is towing another mechanical vehicle at a speed of not more than 50 km/h;

e) movement of an oversized (large-size) or over-normative (heavyweight) vehicle at a speed of not more than that indicated in the agreement issued by the body (agency) authorised in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia;

f) movement of a mechanical vehicle carrying dangerous goods at a speed of not more than that determined by the conditions of carriage.

9. In addition to the maximum speed restrictions determined by paragraphs 6−8 of this Article, the driver shall be prohibited from:

a) exceeding the maximum design speed established for the vehicle;

b) exceeding the speed indicated on the identification sign "speed limit" affixed to the vehicle;

c) exceeding the maximum speed established by a road sign.

10. Notwithstanding the permission on the road by a corresponding road sign or signal to move at a higher speed, the driver shall be prohibited from exceeding the maximum speed limit established for him by paragraphs 6−9 of this Article.

10¹. The procedure for the installation and use of speed-limiting devices in certain categories of motor vehicles shall be determined by a normative act of the Government of Georgia.

1¹. The driver of a vehicle following another vehicle shall keep an appropriate distance so as to avoid a collision in the event of unexpected braking or stopping of the vehicle moving in front of him. In order to ensure traffic safety, it is also necessary to keep a lateral interval.

Law of Georgia of 29 April 2015 No. 3487 - website, 14.05.2015.

Law of Georgia of 19 March 2019 No. 4346 – website, 27.03.2019.

Law of Georgia of 16 November 2021 No. 1011 – website, 22.11.2021.

Article 34. Overtaking and Movement in Lanes1. Overtaking shall be performed from the left side. Overtaking from the right side is permitted in the case where the driver being overtaken has given a signal that he intends to turn left, and has directed his vehicle so as to turn onto another road or enter the area adjacent to the road or stop on that side.🔗

2. When there is sufficient space, the driver of a bicycle has the right to go around stopped or slow-moving vehicles from the right side.

3. Before starting overtaking, the driver, without violating the requirements established by paragraph 2 of Article 20 and Article 32 of this Law, shall make sure that:

a) no driver of a vehicle coming behind him has started overtaking;

b) the driver of a vehicle travelling ahead of him in the same traffic lane has not given a signal that he intends to overtake another vehicle. It is prohibited to overtake a vehicle that is overtaking or going around an obstacle;

c) he can perform overtaking in such a way as not to create a danger or obstacle to other road traffic participants. He shall also make sure that the traffic lane onto which he intends to enter is free for a sufficient distance and the ratio of speeds of the two vehicles allows overtaking in a sufficiently short time;

d) except for the case of entering the lane on which movement in the opposite direction is prohibited, he may again occupy the position indicated in paragraphs 10–12 of Article 31 of this Law, without creating a danger to the vehicle being overtaken;

e) after completing the overtaking, he will be able to return to the previously occupied traffic lane without creating an obstacle for the vehicle being overtaken, if this Law provides for such an obligation.

4. Overtaking is prohibited in conditions of limited visibility, except for the case when in these places there is an appropriate longitudinal marking and overtaking is carried out without entering the lanes intended for movement in the opposite direction.

5. To ensure safety, at the moment of overtaking the driver shall leave sufficient lateral space for the vehicle(s) being overtaken.

6. If on a road on which there are at least two lanes intended for movement in the oncoming direction, the driver of a vehicle who, after completing the overtaking, in order to comply with the requirements established by paragraphs 10–12 of Article 31 of this Law, immediately upon returning to the previously occupied traffic lane or within a short time after returning, will have to start a new overtaking, to perform this maneuver he may remain in the traffic lane occupied during the first overtaking, if he makes sure in advance that this will not create an obstacle for the driver of a vehicle moving behind him at a higher speed.

7. If, in the cases provided for by paragraph 6 of this Article, the traffic intensity is such that vehicles not only occupy the entire width of the carriageway intended for movement in the oncoming direction, but also move at a speed that depends on the speed of the vehicle travelling ahead of them in the given line:

a) the fact that the vehicles of one traffic lane move at a higher speed than the vehicles of another traffic lane is not considered as overtaking provided for by this Article, however the said fact does not release the driver from the obligation to comply with the requirements established by paragraph 11 of this same Article;

b) the driver of a vehicle that is not in the traffic lane closest to the right edge of the carriageway may leave the line only for the purpose of turning right or left or entering a parking place.

8. If the carriageway is divided into traffic lanes by road marking lines, when moving in lines in accordance with the rule established by paragraphs 6 and 7 of this Article, the driver of a vehicle shall move on the marked traffic lanes. Crossing road markings (broken lines) is permitted only when performing the manoeuvre of going around an obstacle, overtaking, turning left or right, stopping or turning around.

9. Subject to the requirements established by paragraph 3 of this Article, overtaking is prohibited:

a) at an intersection other than a roundabout intersection or immediately before this intersection, except:

a.a) the case of overtaking from the right permitted by this Law;

a.b) the case when overtaking is carried out on a road on which, when moving, the driver is granted the right of priority movement at the intersection;

a.c) the case when overtaking is carried out at a regulated intersection without entering the oncoming traffic lane;

b) at a railway crossing and closer than 100 metres before it, except when in these places traffic is regulated by a traffic light of the type used at intersections;

c) of a vehicle that is overtaking or going around;

d) in a place determined by a sign or marking prohibiting overtaking;

e) by entering the oncoming traffic lane in conditions of limited visibility;

f) in the presence of other circumstances provided for by this Law.

10. The prohibitions defined by subparagraphs „a“ and „b“ of paragraph 9 of this Article shall not apply to cases of overtaking a two-wheeled bicycle, a two-wheeled moped and a two-wheeled motorcycle without a sidecar.

11. A vehicle may overtake a vehicle that is approaching a pedestrian crossing or that has stopped immediately before this crossing only at a sufficiently reduced speed to ensure timely stopping in the event a pedestrian is detected on the crossing. Overtaking at a pedestrian crossing is prohibited if a pedestrian is moving on it.

12. A driver who becomes convinced that the driver of a vehicle behind him intends to overtake, except for the case provided for by subparagraph “b” of paragraph 7 of Article 32 of this Law, shall, as far as possible, approach the right edge of the roadway and shall not increase speed. If the insufficient width, profile or condition of the roadway, taking into account the intensity of traffic in the opposite direction, does not allow a slow-moving or large-dimension vehicle to be overtaken easily and safely, the driver of such vehicle shall slow down and, if necessary, at the first opportunity yield the road to vehicles following him.

13. Taking into account the requirements established by Article 31 of this Law (except paragraph 5), on a road in a populated area where there are at least two traffic lanes for traffic in the same direction and they are marked by longitudinal markings, a driver may use the traffic lane that is more convenient for him (except for cases provided for by this Law). He shall change to another traffic lane only in accordance with the rules regulating the performance of the manoeuvre of turning right or left, overtaking, stopping or standing.

14. In the case provided for by paragraph 13 of this Article, the faster movement of a vehicle in traffic lanes in the same direction than that of a vehicle moving in the lanes located near the edge of the roadway shall not be considered overtaking within the meaning of this Article, however, the requirements established by paragraph 11 of this same Article shall apply to it.

15. The requirements established by paragraph 13 of this Article shall not apply to a motorway, to a road equated with it and intended for motor traffic and marked with road sign 5.3, which does not serve adjacent territories, as well as to any road on which the permitted speed of traffic exceeds 80 km/h.

16. The driver of a vehicle being overtaken shall be prohibited from obstructing overtaking by increasing the speed of movement or by any other action.

17. If during overtaking an obstacle or danger is discovered that the driver could not have taken into account before starting the overtaking, or if he was unable to correctly assess the situation, the driver shall be obliged to stop overtaking. If the driver has stopped overtaking and intends to return to the traffic lane previously occupied, the drivers of vehicles following him shall give him the opportunity to do so.

18. Overtaking, passing around, or bypassing an operational vehicle stopped on the road with a blue flashing special signal switched on, or a special or road-operational service vehicle stopped with an orange or yellow flashing special signal switched on, a slow-moving technical service vehicle, or a utility service road works performer, taking into account its location on the roadway, the situation and the danger, is permitted both from the right and from the left, notwithstanding the requirements of road signs and horizontal road markings existing on the given road section.

19. In a non-built-up area, on a road having only one traffic lane in the oncoming direction, the driver of a vehicle moving at a speed lower than the maximum permitted speed on the given road section, and the driver whose vehicle or combination of vehicles has an overall length exceeding 7 metres, in order to facilitate overtaking, except at the moment of starting or performing overtaking, shall keep such a distance between his vehicle and the vehicle ahead that another vehicle overtaking them can, with full safety, take the designated place in the queue, ahead of the overtaken vehicle. This rule does not apply in cases of intensive traffic and prohibition of overtaking.

Law of Georgia of 29 April 2015 No. 3487 – website, 14.05.2015.

Law of Georgia of 16 November 2021 No. 1011 – website, 22.11.2021.

Article 35. Giving way to oncoming traffic1. When giving way to oncoming traffic, the driver of a vehicle shall leave sufficient free space on the side and, if necessary, shall move close to the right edge of the carriageway. At the same time, if his movement on his side is impeded due to an obstacle or the presence of other road traffic participants, he shall slow down and, if necessary, stop in order to let pass the oncoming vehicle or vehicles.🔗

2. On a mountain road and on a road with a large gradient having similar characteristics, as well as on roads marked with road signs 1.14 and 1.15, where giving way is impossible or difficult, the driver of a vehicle moving downhill shall stop and give way to the driver of a vehicle moving uphill, except in the case where the passing place is located along the carriageway in such a way that the driver of the vehicle moving uphill, taking into account the speed and condition of the vehicle, could stop at the passing place located ahead of him, which would exclude the need for one of the vehicles to move in reverse. If, for the purpose of giving way, one of two vehicles must move in reverse, the driver of a combination of vehicles shall have priority over the drivers of all other vehicles, the driver of a heavy vehicle – over the driver of a light vehicle, and the driver of a bus – over the drivers of trucks and light motor vehicles. In the case of vehicles of the same category or subcategory, the vehicle moving downhill shall move in reverse, except in the case where it is obvious that the driver of the vehicle moving uphill can perform such a manoeuvre more easily, in particular, if he is close to the passing place.

Article 36. Intersection and Duty to Yield 1. When approaching an intersection, the driver, taking into account local conditions, must exercise special caution. At the same time, the driver must drive the vehicle at such a speed that he/she can stop and let pass the vehicle that has the right of way.🔗

2. An intersection at which the order of movement is determined by traffic light or traffic controller signals is a controlled intersection. If a yellow flashing signal is on, or there is no traffic light or it is not working, or the traffic controller is not present, the intersection is considered uncontrolled and the driver is obliged to be guided by the rules for passing an uncontrolled intersection and the priority signs installed at the intersection.

3. At a controlled intersection:

a) When turning left or making a U-turn while the green signal of the traffic light is on, the driver of a trackless vehicle must yield to a vehicle moving straight or to the right from the opposite direction. Drivers of trams moving towards each other must also be guided by the same rule;

b) When moving in the direction of an arrow illuminated in the additional section of the traffic light together with the main yellow or red light signal, the driver of a vehicle must yield to a vehicle moving from another direction;

c) If the signals of the traffic light or traffic controller simultaneously permit movement to rail and trackless vehicles, the rail vehicle has priority, regardless of its direction of movement, but when moving in the direction of an arrow illuminated in the additional section of the traffic light together with the main yellow or red light signal, the driver of the rail vehicle must yield to a vehicle moving from another direction;

d) If the traffic controller's signal simultaneously permits movement to trackless vehicles moving along mutually intersecting trajectories, the drivers must be guided by the rules for passing an uncontrolled intersection and the priority signs installed at the intersection;

e) A driver who has entered the intersection on a permissive signal of the traffic light may move in the intended direction, despite the prohibitory signals of the traffic light at the exit from the intersection, but on condition that this does not obstruct the movement of other road traffic participants in the direction in which movement is open. If, during his/her movement at the intersection, there are "Stop" lines (and/or 7.16 road signs) in front of the traffic lights on the road, the driver must be guided by the signal of each traffic light;

f) When the permissive signal of the traffic light is on, the driver must yield to the vehicle that is finishing crossing the intersection, and to the pedestrian who has not been able to finish crossing the roadway in the given direction;

g) If at an intersection the traffic lane intended for turning right is separated from the rest of the carriageway by a raised safety island and there is no traffic light on the right before the intersection, turning right shall be performed independently of the light signals of the traffic light at the intersection, by giving way to all vehicles moving from other directions.

4. At an unregulated intersection:

a) At the intersection of roads of unequal significance, the driver of a vehicle moving on a secondary road shall give way to a vehicle approaching from the main road, regardless of the direction of its further movement;

b) If at an intersection the main road changes direction, drivers moving on this road shall be guided among themselves by the rules for passing roads of equal significance. Drivers moving on secondary roads shall also be guided among themselves by the same rules;

c) At the intersection of roads of equal significance, the driver of a trackless vehicle shall give way to a vehicle approaching from the right. Drivers of rail vehicles shall also be guided among themselves by the same rule. At such an intersection, a rail vehicle shall have priority over a trackless vehicle, regardless of the direction of its movement;

d) When turning left or making a U-turn, the driver of a trackless vehicle shall give way to a vehicle moving straight or to the right from the opposite direction on a road of equal significance. Drivers of rail vehicles shall also be guided among themselves by the same rule.

5. A driver shall not enter an intersection if a congestion has been created such that he will probably be forced to stop at the intersection and thereby obstruct traffic in the transverse direction. This rule also applies when the light signals of the traffic light give the right to move.

6. Unless otherwise provided by a road sign, when entering from a dirt road onto a road that is not a dirt road, the driver shall give way to a vehicle moving on that road.

7. When entering a road from an adjacent territory, the driver shall give way to road traffic participants moving on that road.

8. If the driver cannot determine the presence of a road surface on the road (due to darkness, snow, mud or for another reason) and there are no priority signs either, it shall be considered that he is on a secondary road.

9. A driver who, in accordance with the requirements of this Law, must give way to other road traffic participants, shall clearly express his intention to give way by reducing speed or stopping.

Article 37. Stopping and Parking 1. A vehicle that stops or parks in an unpopulated area shall, as far as possible, be outside the carriageway. Except for exceptions provided by the legislation of Georgia, both in a populated and in an unpopulated area, the stopping and parking of a vehicle is prohibited on a cycle track, on a bicycle lane, on a lane designated for the movement of route vehicles (except for an exception permitted by the municipal representative body for a passenger car of the corresponding category – a taxi (category M1) and/or a motorcycle (except tricycles) and/or a moped (except tricycles), when a taxi and/or motorcycle (except tricycles) and/or moped (except tricycles) of this category uses the said lane for movement and/or for the boarding/alighting of passengers), on a pedestrian path, on the pavement (if there is no road sign 7.4 with the corresponding road marking and/or road sign 7.20.6 (this sign may be without road marking)) or on the roadside.🔗

2. A vehicle that stops or parks on the carriageway shall be as close as possible to the edge of the carriageway. The driver may stop or park the vehicle on the carriageway, on the right side. The stopping and parking of a vehicle on the left side of the carriageway is permitted:

a) if, due to the presence of rail tracks, stopping on the right side is impossible;

b) in a populated area, on a road where there is one traffic lane for each direction without tram tracks in the middle;

c) on the carriageway of a one-way road (stopping of a truck on the left side of a one-way road is permitted only during its loading or unloading).

3. Stopping and parking of a vehicle in the middle of the carriageway is permitted only in places determined by the corresponding road sign or road marking.

4. Parking of vehicles is permitted in one row, parallel to the edge of the carriageway, except for a place that creates conditions for parking the vehicle in another way. Parking of two-wheeled vehicles without a side trailer in two rows is permitted. Parking on the edge of the pavement adjacent to the carriageway is permitted only for passenger cars, motorcycles, mopeds and bicycles, if they do not create an obstacle for pedestrians.

5. The rules for stopping and parking of a vehicle on the pavement are determined by the municipal representative body.

6. Stopping of a vehicle is prohibited:

a) on the carriageway of the road:

a.a) at pedestrian and cyclist crossings and closer than 5 metres in front of them;

a.b) on or near tram and railway tracks running on the road, if this may impede the movement of a tram or train;

a.c) at intersections of carriageways, as well as closer than 5 metres from the edges of their intersection, except when stopping occurs at three-way intersections (road junctions) opposite side exits where there is a continuous marking line or dividing strip;

b) at any place where it may create a danger, including:

b.a) on an overpass, bridge and road interchange, except where the said places have more than two lanes of oncoming traffic;

b.b) under an overpass, bridge and road interchange, as well as in a tunnel, except for places specially designated for this purpose;

b.c) on the carriageway near a dangerous bend and a convex break in the longitudinal profile of the road, where road visibility in even one direction is less than 100 metres;

b.d) at a place where the distance between a continuous marking line (except for a marking indicating the edge of the carriageway) and a stopped vehicle is less than 3 metres;

b.e) at a place where it obscures from other road traffic participants the coloured light signals of a traffic light or road signs;

b.f) on an additional traffic lane intended for the movement of slow-moving vehicles, marked with the corresponding road sign;

b.g) closer than 15 metres from structurally separated stopping places for route transport vehicles or taxis, and in their absence — from the stopping indicator for route transport vehicles or taxis, if this obstructs the movement of the said vehicles;

c) within the area of effect of a road sign and/or road marking prohibiting stopping;

d) in other places determined by this Law.

7. Parking of a vehicle is prohibited:

a) at a place where stopping is prohibited;

b) on the carriageway closer than 50 metres from a railway crossing;

c) in a parking space designated for persons with disabilities (except for persons defined by subparagraph "a" of paragraph 2 of Article 19 of this Law) and marked with road sign 8.17;

d) at the exit of a vehicle from a yard;

e) at any place where a vehicle in a parking space obstructs another vehicle from entering or leaving the parking space;

f) on the carriageway marked with road signs 2.1, 5.1 and 5.3 in an unpopulated area, as well as on the carriageway in a populated area where traffic is permitted at a speed of more than 80 km/h, except for specially marked places;

g) within the area of effect of a road sign and/or road marking prohibiting parking;

h) in violation of the manner of placing a vehicle in a parking space established by the corresponding road sign;

i) in violation of the manner of placing a vehicle in a parking space established by road marking;

j) in other cases provided for by the legislation of Georgia.

8. A driver shall not leave his/her vehicle unless he/she takes all necessary precautions to prevent a road traffic accident. At the same time, in the case of a mechanical vehicle, all measures shall be taken to prevent it from being used without authorisation.

9. A mechanical means of transport other than a moped or a two-wheeled motorcycle without a sidecar, as well as a trailer, coupled or not coupled to a towing vehicle, which have stopped on the carriageway in an unpopulated area, shall, in order to warn approaching drivers, be marked at a certain distance at the most convenient place with at least one device, if:

a) the vehicle has stopped on the carriageway at night in a place where approaching drivers cannot notice the obstacle created by the stopped vehicle;

b) the driver is compelled to stop the vehicle in a place where stopping is prohibited.

10. When making a forced stop in a place where stopping is prohibited, the driver shall take all possible measures to remove the vehicle from that place.

11. Standing in an unpopulated area for the purpose of a long rest (overnight stay or other) is permitted only in a parking place designated for that purpose or outside the road limits.

Law of Georgia No. 6876 of 15 July 2020 – website, 28.07.2020.

Law of Georgia No. 1718 of 6 September 2022 – website, 16.09.2022.

Law of Georgia No. 4387 of 19 July 2024 – website, 30.07.2024.

Article 38. Motorway and other similar road1. On the motorway, at the motorway entrance and exit:🔗

a) the movement of all vehicles other than a pedestrian, an animal, a bicycle, a moped, a two-wheeled electric scooter, a motor vehicle and their trailers is prohibited, as well as the movement of a motor vehicle (with or without a trailer) whose design speed does not exceed 40 km/h (this restriction does not apply to a mechanical vehicle which moves on the motorway in accordance with an agreement with an authorised body (agency) concluded in the manner established by the legislation of Georgia and in accordance with the terms of that agreement);

b) instructional driving is prohibited;

c) a driver is prohibited from:

c.a) stopping or standing of a motor vehicle (and/or its trailer), except for specially marked places designated for standing. A driver who is forced to stop due to circumstances independent of him shall take all measures to remove the motor vehicle (and/or its trailer) from the carriageway, and if this cannot be done immediately − shall switch on the hazard warning lights (if available) and mark the motor vehicle (and/or its trailer) with the appropriate sign at a sufficient distance in order to warn approaching drivers in good time;

c.b) turning around or reversing, as well as driving onto the central dividing strip and the transverse connection of both carriageways of the road;

c.c) movement beyond the second lane by a goods vehicle (with or without a trailer) whose maximum permissible mass exceeds 3.5 tonnes, or movement by a vehicle with a trailer whose total length exceeds 7 metres;

d) the holding of a demonstration, motor rally, advertising motor run, motor competition and the technical testing of a vehicle and of a prototype having its body shall be permitted only by decision of a body of the executive authority of Georgia or the relevant body of a municipality.

2. When entering the motorway, a driver shall give way to motor vehicles moving on the motorway. Where an acceleration lane exists, he shall use such a lane.

3. When leaving the motorway, a driver shall in good time move into the lane adjacent to the motorway exit and enter the deceleration lane as quickly as possible, if such a lane exists.

4. A vehicle towed by a makeshift device is prohibited from entering the motorway. A faulty vehicle towed by a makeshift device which has broken down on the motorway shall leave the motorway at the nearest exit. A makeshift device provided for by this paragraph means a rope, wire and other similar means.

5. For the purposes of paragraphs 1 to 3 of this Article, roads intended for motor traffic and marked with road sign 5.3 which do not serve adjacent areas shall be equated with a motorway.

Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 6876 – website, 28.07.2020.

Article 39. Railway crossing1. All road traffic participants shall exercise special caution when approaching a railway crossing and when passing over it, namely:🔗

a) the driver of a vehicle shall move at a moderate speed; at the same time, when crossing the railway track, the driver shall use only the railway crossing and shall give way to a train (locomotive, railcar);

b) notwithstanding the indication of light and sound signals, no road traffic participant shall enter a railway crossing whose barrier or half-barrier is closed, is closing or is being raised;

c) during a prohibitive signal of a traffic controller or of a traffic light, no road traffic participant shall enter a railway crossing, regardless of the state or the presence of a barrier or half-barrier;

d) if a railway crossing is not equipped with barriers, half-barriers or light signals, no road traffic participant shall pass over it until he/she is satisfied that no rail vehicle is approaching the railway crossing within the limits of visibility;

e) a driver shall not enter a railway crossing unless he/she has first satisfied himself/herself that he/she will not be forced to stop on it;

f) a road traffic participant shall pass over a railway crossing without stopping.

2. The following is prohibited at a railway crossing:

a) driving around a vehicle standing in front of a railway crossing by entering the lane of oncoming traffic;

b) unauthorised opening of a barrier or half-barrier;

c) transferring agricultural, road-construction and other machines and mechanisms, which may damage the railway crossing or impede movement on it, into a non-transport position;

d) movement, without the permission of the head of the railway track distance, of a slow-moving vehicle whose speed does not exceed 8 km/h, and of a tractor's sledge-tow;

e) the commission of another prohibited act defined by the legislation of Georgia.

3. If movement at a railway crossing is prohibited, the driver shall stop at the "Stop" line, at road sign 2.4 or at the traffic light, and in their absence – not less than 5 metres from the barrier or half-barrier. If there is neither a barrier nor a half-barrier, the driver shall stop not less than 10 metres from the nearest rail.

4. When giving a signal prohibiting movement at a railway crossing, the traffic controller stands facing the driver with his/her chest or with his/her back turned, with a rod, a red lantern or a torch raised above his/her head, or with arms extended to the side.

5. In the event of a forced stop of a vehicle at a railway crossing, the driver shall endeavour to remove it from the railway track, and if he/she is unable to do so, he/she shall promptly warn the driver of the rail vehicle of the danger and shall immediately take all safety measures within his/her control, namely:

a) immediately disembark the passengers from the vehicle;

b) if possible, send two persons along the railway tracks 1000 metres on both sides from the railway crossing (if only one is sent, let him go to the side where visibility is worse) and explain to them the rule for giving a stop signal to the driver of an approaching train;

c) remain near the vehicle and give the general alarm signal;

d) when a train appears, run towards it and give the stop signal.

6. The stop signal is a circular movement of the hand (by day — with a brightly coloured cloth or any clearly distinguishable object, at night — with a torch or a lantern). The general alarm signal is one long and three short audible signals.

Article 40. Special rules relating to rail transport vehicles 1. If a track runs across the carriageway, each road traffic participant, when a tram or other rail vehicle approaches, shall clear the track as quickly as possible to let the rail vehicle pass.🔗

2. The overtaking of a moving or stopped rail vehicle whose rail track is located on the carriageway shall be carried out from the right side. If, owing to a narrow passage, it is impossible to pull aside for an oncoming vehicle and to overtake it from the right side, this manoeuvre may be performed from the left side, provided that this does not restrict and does not create a danger for road traffic participants moving in the opposite direction. On the carriageway of a one-way road, overtaking may be carried out from the left side if this is justified by the requirements of road traffic organisation.

Article 41. Special rules related to a route transport vehicle1. Subject to the requirements established by paragraph 4 of Article 33 of this Law, in a settlement, in order to facilitate the movement of a route transport vehicle, drivers of other transport vehicles shall slow down and, if necessary, stop, so that the route transport vehicle can perform the manoeuvre necessary to leave the stopping point. The driver of a route transport vehicle shall, after giving a signal with the turn indicator about the intention to resume movement, take the precautions necessary to avoid a road traffic accident and start moving only after he/she is satisfied that other transport vehicles are giving way.🔗

2. Outside an intersection, where a tram track crosses the carriageway, the tram has priority over a trackless transport vehicle, except in the case of exiting from a depot.

3. On a road where there is a lane designated for the movement of route transport vehicles marked by road signs 5.11, 5.13.1, 5.13.2, 5.14 and 5.41, the movement and stopping of other transport vehicles in this lane is prohibited, except for the exception defined by paragraph 4 of this Article. If this lane is separated from the rest of the carriageway by a broken marking line, when turning, other transport vehicles shall change into this lane. It is also permitted to enter such places of the said lane when entering the road and when passengers board/alight at the right edge of the carriageway, if this does not obstruct the movement of a route transport vehicle and/or the movement, in the special lane designated for the movement of route transport vehicles, of a light motor vehicle of the relevant category — a taxi (category M1) and/or a motorcycle (except a three-wheeler) and/or a moped (except a three-wheeler) — as determined and/or permitted by a decision of the representative body of the municipality.

4. On a road where there is a lane designated for the movement of route transport vehicles marked by road signs 5.11, 5.13.1, 5.13.2, 5.14 and 5.41, the movement and/or stopping (except at a place marked by road sign 5.16 and road marking 1.17) of a light motor vehicle of the relevant category — a taxi (category M1) and/or a motorcycle (except a three-wheeler) and/or a moped (except a three-wheeler) — as determined and/or permitted by a decision of the representative body of the municipality, for the purpose of passengers boarding/alighting, is possible, if this does not obstruct the movement of a route transport vehicle. In the case provided for by this Article, crossing, by a light motor vehicle of the relevant category — a taxi (category M1) and/or a motorcycle (except a three-wheeler) and/or a moped (except a three-wheeler) — of the continuous line marking the special lane ("BUS LANE") designated for the movement of route transport vehicles is prohibited.

Law of Georgia of 6 September 2022 No. 1718 – website, 16.09.2022.

Law of Georgia of 19 July 2024 No. 4387 – website, 30.07.2024.

Article 42. Special rules related to a tunnel marked by a road sign. The following rules apply in a tunnel marked by a road sign:🔗

a) A driver shall not reverse or make a U-turn;

b) A driver shall switch on the high or low beam headlights, regardless of whether the tunnel is illuminated;

c) A driver may stop or park the vehicle only in the event of an emergency situation or danger. At the same time, he/she shall use a specially marked place, if such possibility exists;

d) In the event of prolonged stopping, the driver shall switch off the engine;

e) In the event of forced stopping, the driver shall ensure compliance with the requirements established by this Law related to forced stopping in prohibited places.

Article 43. Special rules related to drivers of bicycles, two-wheeled electric scooters, mopeds, motorcycles, snowmobiles and motor sledges. 1. On the road, driving a bicycle and a two-wheeled electric scooter is permitted for a person at least 14 years of age, and driving a moped, snowmobile and motor sledge – for a person 16 years of age, only with an appropriate special helmet.🔗

2. When there is a bicycle lane, cycle path, snowmobile/motor sledge track, drivers of bicycles, snowmobiles and motor sledges shall not move on the roadway outside the bicycle lane, cycle path, snowmobile/motor sledge track. Movement of bicycles and snowmobiles/motor sledges on the roadway is permitted only in the right-hand edge lane of the road in a single file, and on the shoulder – if this does not impede pedestrian movement. Drivers of snowmobiles and motor sledges shall not move on a snow/ice sliding slope and/or road (track), except in cases of movement by authorized persons in a snow/ice sliding zone (territory) for rescue, rehabilitation, police and other purposes, whose snowmobile/motor sledge must be equipped with a flashing light placed at a height of not less than 1.5 meters (in the case of a snowmobile – on the cabin, and in the case of a motor sledge and other cases – on a special pole).

3. If a bicycle lane, cycle path or shoulder does not exist, and at the same time movement on the roadway is difficult, movement by bicycle on the sidewalk is permitted, provided that pedestrian movement is not impeded.

4. Drivers of bicycles and mopeds are permitted to move in columns. In the case of movement of columns of bicycles and mopeds on the roadway, they shall be divided into groups, but not more than 10 units in each. To facilitate overtaking, the distance between groups shall be 80–100 meters.

5. A bicycle driver shall not turn left or make a U-turn where there is a tram track, as well as on a road on which there is more than one lane intended for movement in the oncoming direction.

6. At an unregulated crossing of a cycle path with a road passing beyond an intersection, a bicycle driver shall give way to drivers of vehicles moving on this road.

7. Drivers of bicycles, snowmobiles, motor scooters and light quadricycles shall be prohibited from moving if they do not hold the handlebars with at least one hand. It shall be prohibited to tow bicycles, snowmobiles, motor scooters, light quadricycles and two-wheeled electric scooters, or to tow another vehicle by the said vehicle (except for the cases provided for by paragraph 8 of this Article), to transport cargo that protrudes beyond the dimensions in width or length by more than 0.5 metres, or to carry/push an object that may hinder the driver in driving or create a danger to another road traffic participant. This rule shall also apply to drivers of motorcycles and mopeds, but, at the same time, they shall hold the handlebars with both hands, except in the case where it is necessary to give hand signals related to the performance of a manoeuvre defined by this Law.

8. It shall be permitted to tow, by bicycle, snowmobile, motor scooter, moped, two-wheeled electric scooter, or motorcycle without sidecar, a trailer intended for operation together with the said transport.

9. A bicycle driver shall be prohibited from carrying a passenger (except for a child under 7 years of age, if the said vehicle is equipped with reliable footrests and an additional seat). Drivers of motorcycles, mopeds, snowmobiles and motor scooters may carry a passenger only in a sidecar (if present) and/or on an additional seat arranged behind the driver's seat, only with an appropriate special helmet. Carrying a passenger by two-wheeled electric scooter shall be prohibited.

10. When moving, drivers and passengers of motorcycles, mopeds, quadricycles, snowmobiles and motor scooters shall use appropriate special helmets.

11. A bicycle shall have a working brake, handlebars and an audible signal. It shall be equipped: at the front – with a reflector and a white lamp or light (for movement in the dark part of the day or in conditions of insufficient visibility), at the rear – with a reflector or a red light, on both sides – with an orange or red reflector.

12. Movement by two-wheeled electric scooter, snowmobile and motor scooter shall be permitted on the roadside, pavement, footpath, pedestrian zone, residential zone, cycle track and bicycle lane. In a place where pedestrians move, persons moving by two-wheeled electric scooter and motor scooter shall give way to pedestrians, shall not obstruct them and shall not create a danger to their movement.

13. In a place where pedestrians move, movement by two-wheeled electric scooter, snowmobile and motor scooter shall be permitted only with due care and at the usual speed of a pedestrian (5 km/h). In the absence of pedestrians, the speed of a two-wheeled electric scooter, snowmobile and motor scooter shall not exceed 20 km/h.

14. In the absence of a shoulder, pavement, pedestrian path, cycle path, bicycle lane, snowmobile/motor sledge path, movement by a two-wheeled electric scooter and a motor sledge along the edge of the carriageway is permitted, if the traffic intensity so allows. In the cases provided for by this paragraph, drivers of a two-wheeled electric scooter, a snowmobile and a motor sledge shall be guided by the rules of movement on the carriageway by bicycle.

15. When crossing at an unregulated pedestrian crossing, as well as when crossing a place on the carriageway that is not marked as a crossing by the relevant road sign or horizontal road marking, drivers of a bicycle, a two-wheeled electric scooter, a snowmobile and a motor sledge have:

a) the obligation to give way to drivers of other vehicles moving on this road (except in the case provided for by subparagraph „b“ of this paragraph);

b) priority over those drivers who are performing a turning manoeuvre to enter this carriageway.

16. A moped driver is prohibited from moving within the area of effect of road sign 3.5.

17. Movement by moped on the pavement is prohibited.

Law of Georgia of 19 February 2016 No. 4789 – website, 07.03.2016.

Law of Georgia of 16 November 2021 No. 1011 – website, 22.11.2021.

Article 44. Special rules in force in a place declared a pedestrian zone and in a residential zone 1. In a residential zone marked with the relevant sign:🔗

a) a pedestrian may move across the entire width of the road; children are allowed to play;

b) a driver shall move at a speed not exceeding 20 km/h;

c) a driver shall not create a danger to a pedestrian and shall not restrict his/her movement. If necessary, the driver shall stop the vehicle;

d) a pedestrian shall not unreasonably obstruct traffic;

e) when leaving a residential zone, a road traffic participant shall give way at the junction to another road traffic participant;

f) parking of a mechanical vehicle outside specially allocated places marked by road signs and/or markings is prohibited.

2. In a place declared a pedestrian zone, a vehicle shall move taking into account the requirements established by paragraph 1 of this Article.

3. In a place declared a pedestrian zone and in a residential zone, through traffic, training driving and parking with the engine running are prohibited; at the same time, a pedestrian has priority over other road traffic participants.

4. The requirements established by this Article also apply to courtyard areas.

Article 45. Towing of a mechanical vehicle1. Towing of another mechanical vehicle by a mechanical vehicle (without a trailer) shall be permissible in accordance with the procedure established by this Law.🔗

2. Towing of a mechanical vehicle may be carried out by rigid or flexible coupling or partial loading.

3. When towing a mechanical vehicle by rigid or flexible coupling, the driver must drive the towed vehicle, except when, during movement, the design of the rigid coupling ensures that the towed vehicle follows the trajectory of the towing vehicle.

4. When towing by rigid or flexible coupling, it is prohibited to carry a passenger in a towed bus, trolleybus or truck body, and when towing by partial loading – the presence of a person in the towed mechanical vehicle, as well as on the body of the towing vehicle.

5. The distance between the towing and towed vehicles when towing by flexible coupling must be 4–6 metres, and when towing by rigid coupling – not more than 4 metres.

6. Towing is prohibited:

a) by rigid or flexible coupling of a mechanical vehicle whose steering mechanism is faulty;

b) of two or more mechanical vehicles, as well as of a mechanical vehicle that has two or more trailers;

c) of a mechanical vehicle with an inoperative braking system, if its actual mass exceeds half the actual mass of the towing vehicle, and if the mass is less, towing is permissible only by rigid coupling or partial loading;

d) by a motorcycle without a sidecar, as well as towing of such a motorcycle;

d¹) by a two-wheeled moped and/or towing of a two-wheeled moped;

e) by flexible coupling when the road is icy;

f) by a vehicle carrying dangerous goods, as well as towing of such a vehicle;

g) in other cases determined by this Law.

7. At any time of the day, the towing mechanical vehicle must have its low beam headlights on, the towed mechanical vehicle must have its hazard warning lights on, and in the event of their absence or malfunction, an emergency stop sign must be attached to the rear part of this vehicle.

8. When towing a mechanical vehicle, the towing (coupling) device must be marked with flags or another warning device, so that it is easily noticeable to other road traffic participants at any time of the day.

9. When towing a mechanical vehicle, to mark elastic coupling links, flags, a warning device or a board measuring 200X200 mm are used, on which alternating red and white stripes 50 mm wide with a reflective surface are drawn diagonally. At least two warning devices (flags) are attached to the elastic coupling link.

10. The design of a rigid towing device shall comply with the requirements of the state standard.

Law of Georgia of 16 November 2021 No. 1011 – website, 22 November 2021.

Article 46. Transportation of Passengers 1. It is prohibited to transport passengers in such a number or in such a manner that this impedes the driving of the vehicle or restricts the driver's field of vision.🔗

2. Transportation of passengers in the body of a truck with a side platform is permitted if it complies with the requirements established by the legislation of Georgia.

3. Passengers may be transported in the body of a truck by a person who meets the requirements established by Article 56 of this Law:

a) the requirements established by paragraph 7, if the number of passengers, excluding the driver, does not exceed 8;

b) the requirements established by paragraph 8, if the number of passengers exceeds 8.

4. For cases of transportation of passengers by a military serviceman in the body of a truck belonging to the Ministry of Defence of Georgia, conditions different from those defined by paragraph 3 of this Article may be established by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

5. The number of passengers to be transported in the body of a truck shall not exceed the number of seats arranged for sitting. Before the start of the journey, the driver of the truck shall instruct the passengers on the rules of boarding and placement on the body. The driver shall start movement only when he is satisfied that all conditions for the safe transportation of passengers are met.

6. Only the person accompanying the cargo or the person receiving it has the right to travel in the body of a truck with a side platform not equipped for the transportation of passengers, if the vehicle is provided with a seat located below the level of the sides.

7. When transporting a group of children by bus or by a van-bodied truck, the group shall be accompanied by an adult escort, and when transporting in the body of a truck with a side platform provided with seats – by at least two such persons. A sign "Transportation of Children" shall be affixed to the front and rear of the vehicle.

8. The driver shall carry out the boarding and alighting of passengers only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop, and shall start movement when the door is closed, and shall not open it until a complete stop.

9. A truck with a side platform intended for the transportation of passengers shall be provided with seats located at a height of 0.3–0.5 metres from the floor and not less than 0.3 metres from the upper edge of the side, and when transporting a group of children, the height of the sides from the floor shall not be less than 0.8 metres. Seats located along the rear or side sides shall have solid backrests.

10. Transportation of passengers is prohibited:

a) outside the passenger compartment or cab of a motor vehicle (except in the case of transportation of passengers in the body of a van-bodied truck or a truck with a side platform), a tractor, another self-propelled machine, by a truck trailer, a trailer-home, in the body of a cargo motorcycle and outside the seats provided for by the design of the motorcycle;

b) if the number of passengers exceeds the number provided for by the technical characteristics of the vehicle (not counting children under 12);

c) if the actual mass of the vehicle exceeds its permitted maximum mass;

d) in other cases determined by the legislation of Georgia.

Article 46¹. Additional requirements for the transportation of passengers during an excursion – an event organized/arranged by a pre-school education and upbringing institution or a general education institution 1. In the case of the transportation of passengers during an excursion (hereinafter – the excursion) – an event organized/arranged by a pre-school education and upbringing institution or a general education institution, the requirements established by this Article shall additionally be observed.🔗

2. For the purposes of this Article, an excursion is an entertainment, cognitive and/or educational event organized/arranged by a pre-school education and upbringing institution or a general education institution, which provides for the transportation of passengers by motor vehicle and in respect of the organization/arrangement of which a legal act of the director of the said institution has been issued.

3. Within the framework of an excursion, the driver of a motor vehicle shall carry, and upon the request of an authorized person of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia shall present to him/her:

a) a document confirming the passing of the periodic technical inspection of the motor vehicle issued within the last 6 months;

b) a certificate on the narcological examination issued within the last 1 month by the relevant medical institution or the state expert institution, by which the fact of the use of a narcotic substance by the driver of the motor vehicle is not confirmed, and a certificate confirming that the driver of the motor vehicle is not registered in narcological records;

c) the legal act of the director of the institution defined by paragraph 2 of this Article or its duly certified copy, which indicates at least the institution organizing/arranging the excursion, the address of this institution, the identity of its director, the identity of the adult leader of the excursion (educator-pedagogue, educator, teacher, another person employed in the said institution), the names of all municipalities in which movement is envisaged within the framework of the excursion, and the approximate distance the covering of which is envisaged within the framework of the excursion.

4. At least 5 years must have passed since the driver of the motor vehicle obtained the right to drive a vehicle of the relevant category and/or subcategory.

5. During the movement of the motor vehicle within the framework of an excursion, the number of passengers shall not exceed the number of seats established for it by the manufacturer of the motor vehicle.

6. During the movement of the motor vehicle within the framework of an excursion, all passengers shall use safety belts.

7. During the transportation within the framework of an excursion of a passenger who is a person with limited abilities, his/her needs shall be taken into account.

8. Within the excursion, passengers shall be accompanied by an adult leader of the excursion (educator-pedagogue, educator, teacher, another person employed in the institution organizing/arranging the excursion). He/she shall be responsible for their use of safety belts. The adult leader of the excursion shall be obliged to carry with him/her, and, in the event of a request by an authorized person of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia, present to him/her the legal act of the director of the institution defined by paragraph 2 of this article or a duly certified copy thereof.

9. If the approximate distance to be covered within the excursion is more than 500 km, the driver of the motor vehicle shall be accompanied by a person who meets the requirements established by subparagraph “b” of paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 of this article.

10. Within the excursion, a fire extinguisher and a first aid kit with appropriate contents shall be kept in the motor vehicle. The contents of the first aid kit shall be determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

11. The rules for organizing/arranging an excursion shall be approved by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 16 September 2020 No. 7106 – website, 22.09.2020.

Article 47. Cargo of a vehicle 1. If a permissible maximum mass is established for a vehicle, the actual mass of the laden vehicle shall not exceed the permissible maximum mass.🔗

2. The permissible maximum mass of a vehicle shall be determined by the registration document. If the registration document does not determine the permissible maximum mass, the limit of the gross mass established by the manufacturer for the given vehicle shall be deemed to be the permissible maximum mass of the vehicle, provided that it does not exceed the limit established by a normative act of the Government of Georgia.

3. The movement on a road of a vehicle is prohibited where:

a) the maximum load on each driving or non-driving axle and/or whose actual mass and/or their accompanying parameters exceed the limit values established by a normative act of the Government of Georgia and/or the actual mass exceeds the gross mass established by the manufacturer for the given vehicle;

b) the parameters meet at least one of the indicators defined by a normative act of the Government of Georgia.

4. If, without damage to the transport or the cargo, it is possible to reduce the size/mass defined by paragraph 3 of this Article below the established limit by adjusting it and/or redistributing the cargo, the driver shall be obliged, before starting movement, to ensure that this is done, and if this is impossible − to be guided by the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia for the movement of an oversized (large-sized) or over-normative (heavyweight) vehicle.

5. Except for the prohibition of exceeding the actual mass over the permissible maximum mass, the effect of paragraph 3 of this Article shall not extend to:

a) an oversized (large-sized) or over-normative (heavyweight) vehicle which moves on a road after agreement with the body (agency) authorised in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, in accordance with the terms of that agreement;

b) a vehicle which, upon entry into the territory of Georgia, has moved through a customs checkpoint located at a seaport and which subsequently moves from the territory of the seaport towards a customs control zone provided for by the Customs Code of Georgia, located within the nearest radius of 10 km, along a route established by the customs authority;

c) a vehicle which, upon entry into the territory of Georgia, moves through a customs checkpoint towards a railway station located within the nearest radius of 25 km from the location of the customs authority, towards a customs control zone provided for by the Customs Code of Georgia, along a route established by the customs authority.

6. The movement on a road of an oversized (large-sized) or over-normative (heavyweight) vehicle shall be permissible only after agreement with the body (agency) authorised in accordance with the procedure established by the Government of Georgia, in accordance with the terms of that agreement.

7. A vehicle shall be considered over-normative (heavyweight) if the maximum load and/or actual mass on each of its driving or non-driving axles and/or their accompanying parameters exceed the limit values established by a normative act of the Government of Georgia.

8. A vehicle shall be considered oversized (large-sized) if its height, width and/or length and/or their accompanying parameters exceed the limit values established by a normative act of the Government of Georgia.

9. A vehicle shall not be considered over-normative (heavyweight) and/or oversized (large-sized) if, without damaging it or the cargo, it is possible to reduce them below the limit values of the parameters established by a normative act of the Government of Georgia by adjusting them and/or redistributing the cargo.

10. The movement of a vehicle carrying dangerous cargo shall be permitted only in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.

11. Any cargo on a vehicle shall be placed and, if necessary, secured in such a manner that during its transportation:

a) no danger is created for other road traffic participants, no damage is caused to state, public and private property, the cargo does not drag and does not fall onto the road;

b) visibility and the field of view are not restricted, the stability of the vehicle is not impaired and its driving is not made difficult;

c) the lights of the vehicle, the "stop" signal, turn signal indicators, retro-reflective devices, the registration number and the distinguishing sign of the registering state, as well as the hand signals provided for by this Law, are not covered;

d) other requirements established by the legislation of Georgia are not violated.

12. All auxiliary devices used for securing the cargo and ensuring its safety (ropes, chains, tarpaulin) shall be tightly stretched and firmly secured, and shall also meet the requirements with respect to the cargo established by paragraph 11 of this Article.

13. Cargo protruding beyond the dimensions of the vehicle forward and/or rearward by more than 1 metre, or from the side by more than 0.4 metres from the outer edge of the dimension light, shall be marked with the identification sign "oversized (large-sized) cargo", and also, during the dark time of day or in conditions of insufficient visibility, at the front – with a white lamp or retro-reflector, at the rear – with a red lamp or retro-reflector.

14. The driver shall ensure that the cargo is placed, distributed and secured on the vehicle in such a manner that, from the commencement of the transportation of the cargo until its completion, the requirements established by the legislation of Georgia are not violated.

15. If there is a non-compliance with the requirements established by the legislation of Georgia for the transportation of cargo, the driver shall be obliged to eliminate it or to stop movement.

16. Unless otherwise provided by the international treaties and agreements of Georgia, the requirements established by this Article shall apply to a mechanical vehicle that is in international traffic on the territory of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 19 March 2019 No. 4346 – website, 27 March 2019.

Law of Georgia of 28 June 2019 No. 4920 – website, 4 July 2019.

Article 48. Sound and light signals 1. A sound signal may be used only:🔗

a) for the timely warning of road traffic participants, in order to prevent a road traffic accident;

b) outside a populated area, when it is necessary to warn the driver of another vehicle of the intention to overtake.

2. A sound signal shall not be longer than is necessary.

3. In a populated area, in order to warn the driver of another vehicle of the intention to overtake, a light signal may be switched on during the light time of day by the periodic, brief switching on and off of the headlights, and during the dark time of day – by repeatedly switching the headlights from low beam to high beam, and in an unpopulated area – instead of or together with a sound signal.

4. The giving of sound and light signals does not give the driver priority over other road traffic participants

Article 49. Conditions for the use of external lighting devices 1. During the dark time of day and night, as well as in conditions of insufficient visibility, a moving mechanical vehicle shall have switched on the low-beam or high-beam headlamp(s) and rear position lights, and on a trailer – front position lights (if their existence is provided for by the legislation of Georgia) and at least two rear position lights.🔗

2. High-beam headlamps shall be switched off and, instead of them, low-beam headlamps shall be switched on in the following cases:

a) in a populated area, if the road is sufficiently illuminated, and in an unpopulated area, if the carriageway is evenly illuminated and this illumination is sufficient to ensure good visibility for the driver over a sufficient distance, as well as so that other road traffic participants can see the given vehicle over a sufficient distance;

b) when giving way to an oncoming vehicle, at a distance of not less than 150 metres to the vehicle, so that the light of the headlamps does not dazzle the driver of the oncoming vehicle and he is given the opportunity to continue driving calmly and safely, as well as at a greater distance, if the driver of a vehicle travelling in the opposite direction indicates the necessity thereof by periodically switching the light of the headlamp(s);

c) in any other conditions where it is necessary to avoid dazzling the vision of other road traffic participants or users of a navigable or rail route running along the road.

3. In the event of being dazzled by the light of the headlamps of a mechanical vehicle coming from the opposite direction, the driver shall, without changing the traffic lane, slow down, stop and switch on the hazard warning lights. Resumption of movement shall be permitted only after full restoration of vision.

4. If a mechanical vehicle is equipped with front fog lamps, they shall be of white or yellow selective light, two in number, and on a motorcycle – one. Front fog lamps shall be installed in such a way that no point of their illuminating surface is above the highest point of the illuminating surface of the low-beam headlamps. If rear fog lamps are installed on a mechanical vehicle or its trailer, they shall be red.

5. In conditions of insufficient visibility or when driving on narrow, winding roads, fog lamps shall be switched on together with the high-beam or low-beam headlamps.

6. On a mechanical vehicle equipped with front position lights, such lights shall be switched on together with the high-beam or low-beam headlamps or front fog lamps.

7. During daylight hours, on any motorcycle moving on the road, at least one low-beam headlamp shall be switched on at the front, and a red light at the rear.

8. During daylight hours, for the purpose of marking a vehicle moving on the road, it is mandatory to switch on the low-beam headlamps and rear position lights:

a) when moving in an organised transport convoy;

b) when transporting a group of children by bus or by the body of a properly equipped truck;

c) when an oversized (large-size) or over-norm (heavy-weight) vehicle, as well as a vehicle carrying dangerous cargo, is moving;

d) when towing a motor vehicle, on the towing vehicle;

e) on a route vehicle, on a lane specially allocated for it, when moving in the direction opposite to the main flow.

9. From dusk until dawn, as well as in any other conditions of insufficient visibility, when stopping or standing on the road, a motor vehicle and its trailer shall be marked with front and rear clearance lights. In thick fog, heavy snow, heavy rain or similar conditions, low-beam headlights or front fog lights may be switched on. In such conditions, together with the rear clearance lights, rear fog lights may additionally be switched on.

10. In a settlement, instead of the front and rear clearance lights, parking lights may be switched on, provided that:

a) the length of the vehicle does not exceed 6 metres and its width — 2 metres;

b) the vehicle has no trailer.

11. Notwithstanding the requirements established by paragraphs 9 and 10 of this Article, a motor vehicle may be stopped or be at a parking place without switching on any external light device:

a) on a road illuminated in such a way that the vehicle can be well seen (discerned) from a sufficient distance;

b) outside the carriageway and shoulders with hard surface.

12. Switching on the reversing light is permitted only when the vehicle is performing or intends to perform reverse movement.

13. It is prohibited to equip a vehicle with red lights at the front and white lights at the rear. It is inadmissible to change the design of a vehicle or to equip it with additional lights which may contradict the given requirements.

14. On one vehicle, lights of the same purpose and directed to the same side shall be of one colour. An even number of lights and retro-reflective devices shall be arranged symmetrically with respect to the middle longitudinal section of the vehicle, except for a vehicle whose external shape is not symmetrical. Each pair of lights of the same purpose shall have clearly the same luminous intensity.

15. The use of a searchlight and a spotlight is permitted only in an unpopulated area, if there is no vehicle moving in the opposite direction. In a settlement, only drivers of vehicles of operational and special services may use such lights while performing their official duties.

16. The identification sign "road train" shall be switched on when the road train is moving, and during the hours of darkness and in conditions of insufficient visibility – also during its stopping and standing.

Law of Georgia of 29 April 2015 No. 3487 – website, 14.05.2015.

Law of Georgia of 16 November 2021 No. 1011 – website, 22.11.2021.

Article 50. Other conditions for lighting of certain road traffic participants and vehicles1. From dusk until dawn, any vehicle or combination of vehicles on the road to which the provisions of Article 49 of this Law do not apply shall have at least one front white or yellow selective light and at least one rear red light. In the case of having only one front or one rear lamp, this lamp shall be positioned in the centre or on the left side of the vehicle.🔗

2. A cart moved by hand shall have at least one front white or yellow selective light and at least one rear red light. The source of these two lights may be a single lantern, which shall be positioned on the left side of the cart. A lantern is not required for a handcart whose width does not exceed 1 metre.

3. Horse-drawn transport shall have at least one front white or yellow selective light and one rear red light. On the front and rear sides, one lantern each shall be positioned on the left side. If it is impossible to attach the above-mentioned lanterns to the vehicle, they may be carried by an accompanying person who directly follows the vehicle. In addition, horse-drawn transport shall have at the rear two red retro-reflective devices, which shall be positioned as close as possible to the edges of the vehicle. A lantern is not required for horse-drawn transport whose width does not exceed 1 metre, but in this case one retro-reflective device shall be installed at the rear, on the left side or in the centre.

4. When moving on the carriageway at night:

a) a group of pedestrians led by a leader or moving in a column shall have on the left side at least one white or yellow selective light at the front and at least one red light at the rear, or a yellow light at the front and rear;

b) the herder of harnessed, pack or riding livestock or of a herd shall, on the left side of the movement, have at least one white or yellow selective light at the front and one red light at the rear, or a yellow light at the front and rear. A single device may be used as the source of this light.

5. Compliance with the requirements established by paragraph 4 of this Article is not mandatory within a properly illuminated settlement.

Article 51. Use of special flashing signal and audible signal1. The driver of a vehicle of an operative or special service who has the blue flashing special signal switched on on the vehicle and is performing a service assignment may, subject to compliance with the conditions for ensuring road traffic safety, deviate from the requirements established by Articles 25, 31–41 and 44 of this Law, as well as by Annexes No. 1 and No. 2 to this Law. Together with the blue flashing special signal, a red flashing signal may additionally be switched on. In order to obtain priority over other road traffic participants, the driver of such vehicle shall switch on the blue flashing special signal and the audible signal. Priority may be enjoyed only when the driver is satisfied that he is being given way. The driver of a vehicle which is being escorted by a vehicle of an operative or special service and which has its dipped-beam headlights switched on shall enjoy the same right.🔗

2. Road traffic participants shall, when a vehicle of an operative or special service approaches which has the blue flashing special signal and the audible signal switched on and/or which gives a signal with a loudspeaker device, clear the carriageway for it, as well as for the vehicle being escorted by it which has its dipped-beam headlights switched on, and, where necessary, stop.

3. When approaching a vehicle standing with the blue flashing special signal switched on, the driver shall reduce speed so as to be able, where necessary, to stop the vehicle immediately.

4. A driver who has the orange or yellow flashing special signal switched on on the vehicle and who is performing construction, repair or cleaning works on the road, or is transporting dangerous cargo, or is moving in an oversized (large-size) or over-normative (heavy-weight) vehicle, may deviate from the requirements established by road signs and markings, as well as by paragraphs 5–10, 15 and 16 of Article 31 and paragraph 1 of Article 38 of this Law, if he ensures road traffic safety. The orange or yellow flashing special signal does not give priority over other road traffic participants and is used to draw attention in order to avoid an expected danger.

5. It is prohibited to use the special flashing signal and/or the audible signal if this is not connected with the performance of a service duty.

6. Special colouring may be applied to a vehicle of an operative or special service.

7. Special flashing and audible signals, as well as a special loudspeaker device, may be installed on a special vehicle of the cash collection service. The special flashing and audible signals are switched on simultaneously only in the event of a danger of attack or of an attack.

8. The installation on a vehicle of a special flashing signal and audible signal, as well as of a special loudspeaker device, and the giving to a vehicle of a special colouring shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure determined by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

9. It is prohibited to install on a vehicle a flashing signal of any other colour different from the colour determined by the legislation of Georgia, for the purpose of misleading a road traffic participant.

Law of Georgia of 29 April 2015 No. 3487 – website, 14.05.2015.

Law of Georgia of 2 July 2025 No. 933 – website, 08.07.2025.

Article 52. Hazard warning lights and emergency stop sign1. Hazard warning lights are used to warn other road traffic participants of an expected danger. Hazard warning lights shall be switched on:🔗

a) if the removal or towing of a vehicle involved in a road traffic accident or of a broken-down vehicle is not immediately possible and this obstructs other road traffic participants;

b) when forced to stop in a place where stopping is prohibited;

c) when the driver is dazzled by the headlights of an oncoming mechanical vehicle, if he is forced to stop;

d) during towing (on the towed vehicle);

e) in the cases provided for by paragraph 14 of Article 21 of this Law, when moving a broken-down vehicle to a parking place or a repair place;

f) to warn of other types of danger to road traffic participants.

2. After switching on the hazard warning lights, as well as if such lights are absent or out of order, the driver shall immediately place an "emergency stop sign", and in conditions of insufficient visibility – a flashing red lantern:

a) in the event of a road traffic accident;

b) when forced to stop in a place where stopping is prohibited, and where, taking into account visibility conditions, other drivers will not be able to notice the vehicle in time.

3. The "emergency stop sign" and the flashing red lantern shall be placed at such a distance from the vehicle as, under the specific conditions, ensures timely warning of other drivers of the danger, but this distance in a populated area shall not be less than 15 metres, and in an unpopulated area – less than 30 metres.

4. In the absence of an emergency stop sign or a flashing red lantern, the driver shall ensure, by other similar effective means, timely warning of approaching drivers.

5. The "emergency stop sign" is a board in the form of an equilateral triangle with sides not less than 0.4 metres in length and a red border not less than 0.05 metres in width. The middle part of this triangle may be hollow or painted with light-coloured paint. The red border shall not transmit light or shall have a strip with retroreflective properties. The board shall be designed so that it can be stably placed in a vertical position. The emergency stop sign is shown in Annex No. 3 to this Law.

Article 53. Registration and deregistration of a vehicle, its numbered units and an auxiliary technical means of an agricultural machine🔗

1. In the presence of the circumstances defined by Georgian legislation, the following shall be subject to registration in the established manner:

a) a mechanical vehicle (except for mechanical vehicles defined by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia);

b) a trailer intended for towing by a mechanical vehicle defined by subparagraph „a“ of this paragraph;

c) a sports-purpose automobile;

d) numbered units of the vehicles defined by subparagraphs „a“−„c“ of this paragraph;

e) an auxiliary technical means of an agricultural machine;

f) vehicles manufactured or converted in an individual (self-made) manner as defined by subparagraphs „a“−„e“ of this paragraph, their numbered units and an auxiliary technical means of an agricultural machine.

2. In the presence of the circumstances defined by Georgian legislation, deregistration of the registered vehicles defined by paragraph 1 of this Article, their numbered units and an auxiliary technical means of an agricultural machine shall be mandatory.

3. In the manner established by Georgian legislation, as a result of the registration of the vehicles defined by paragraph 1 of this Article, a registration certificate and a registration number (state registration plate or plates) shall be issued, and as a result of the registration of an auxiliary technical means of an agricultural machine − a technical coupon of the form approved by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

4. Before the registration or upon the deregistration (removal from the register) of the vehicles and the auxiliary technical means of an agricultural machine defined by paragraph 1 of this Article, as well as in other cases established by Georgian legislation, other types of registration marks shall be issued (transit number, internal transit, „TEST“ number, removal from register card, temporary certificate, etc.).

5. When registering the vehicles defined by this Article, along with other registration data, their permitted maximum mass and unladen mass shall be indicated, if these vehicles are intended for the carriage of cargo.

6. In the manner established by Georgian legislation, the registration and deregistration of vehicles, their numbered units and an auxiliary technical means of an agricultural machine shall be carried out, the registration certificate, the registration number (state registration plate/plates), the technical coupon, other types of registration marks shall be issued, as well as, in the presence of the circumstances defined by Georgian legislation, the permitted maximum mass and unladen mass of vehicles shall be determined by the Agency (except for the case provided for by paragraph 8 of this Article, as well as above-ground electric transport).

7. The Ministry of Defence of Georgia shall be entitled to carry out the registration and deregistration of the vehicles and their numbered units belonging to it, as defined by paragraph 1 of this Article, itself or in the Agency.

8. Where the registration of the vehicles and their numbered units belonging to the Ministry of Defence of Georgia is carried out by the Ministry itself, it shall issue a registration certificate and a registration number of the form established by the legislation of Georgia.

9. Individual (self-made) manufacture or conversion of the vehicles, their numbered units and the auxiliary technical means of an agricultural machine defined by this Article shall be permissible only in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.

10. The form of the vehicle registration number (state licence plate and plates), internal transit, transit number and "TEST" number shall be approved by the Government of Georgia.

10¹. The form of the vehicle registration certificate shall be approved by the Government of Georgia.

11. The relevant agency shall assign licence plates to above-ground electric transport.

12. The grounds for the registration and deregistration of vehicles, their numbered units and the auxiliary technical means of an agricultural machine, the procedure and conditions for registration and deregistration, for the issuance of a registration certificate, a registration number (state licence plate or plates), a technical coupon, other types of registration marks, as well as for the determination of the permissible maximum mass and unladen mass of vehicles (except for the case provided for by paragraph 8 of this Article, as well as above-ground electric transport) shall be established by the Order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia "On the Registration and Deregistration of Vehicles".

13. Registration numbers (state licence plate or plates), transit numbers, internal transit, "TEST" numbers shall be affixed to vehicles (except above-ground electric transport) at special places.

Law of Georgia of 30 June 2017 No. 1197 – website, 14 July 2017.

Law of Georgia of 16 November 2021 No. 1011 – website, 22 November 2021.

Law of Georgia of 21 June 2022 No. 1659 – website, 30 June 2022.

Article 54. Categories and Subcategories of Vehicles1. The right to drive a vehicle of the category and/or subcategory defined by this Article shall be held only by the person:🔗

a) whose state of health complies with the requirements for the state of health necessary for driving a vehicle determined by the legislation of Georgia;

b) who has been granted, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, the right to drive a vehicle of the corresponding category and/or subcategory, and this right is not suspended, revoked or terminated (cancelled);

c) who has been admitted by the Agency to the second stage of the practical examination for obtaining the right to drive a vehicle and participates in it during the course of the said stage.

2. Vehicles for driving which obtaining the corresponding driving right is mandatory are divided into the following categories:

a) "AM" – moped and light quadricycle;

b) "A" – motorcycle;

c) "B" – motor vehicle (except for a vehicle belonging to category "A"), the permissible maximum mass of which does not exceed 3,500 kg and the number of seating places of which, excluding the driver's seat, does not exceed 8; a category "B" motor vehicle coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum mass of which does not exceed 750 kg; a category "B" motor vehicle coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum mass of which exceeds 750 kg but does not exceed the unladen mass of the motor vehicle, and the total permissible maximum mass of such combination does not exceed 3,500 kg;

d) "C" – motor vehicle (except for a vehicle belonging to category "D"), the permissible maximum mass of which exceeds 3,500 kg; a category "C" motor vehicle coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum mass of which does not exceed 750 kg;

e) "D" – motor vehicle intended for the carriage of passengers and the number of seating places of which, excluding the driver's seat, exceeds 8; a category "D" motor vehicle coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum mass of which does not exceed 750 kg;

f) "BE" – a category "B" motor vehicle coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum mass of which exceeds 750 kg and the unladen mass of the motor vehicle; a category "B" motor vehicle coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum mass of which exceeds 750 kg, and the total permissible maximum mass of such combination exceeds 3,500 kg;

g) "CE" – a category "C" motor vehicle coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum mass of which exceeds 750 kg;

h) "DE" – a category "D" motor vehicle coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum mass of which exceeds 750 kg;

i) "T" – agricultural machine; a category "T" mechanical vehicle coupled to a trailer;

j) "S" – specialised self-propelled machine; a category "S" mechanical vehicle coupled to a trailer;

k) tram.

3. Vehicles established within categories "A", "B", "C", "CE", "D" and "DE", for the driving of which obtaining the respective driving right is mandatory, are divided into the following subcategories:

a) "A1" − a motorcycle with an engine capacity not exceeding 125 cm3, a maximum power of 11 kW, and a power/weight ratio of 0.1 kW/kg (light motorcycle);

b) "A2" − a motorcycle with a maximum power not exceeding 35 kW, and a power/weight ratio of 0.2 kW/kg;

c) "B1" − a motorized tricycle; a quadricycle;

d) "C1" − a motor vehicle (except for a vehicle belonging to category "D") with a permissible maximum mass exceeding 3,500 kg but not exceeding 7,500 kg; a "C1" subcategory motor vehicle coupled to a trailer with a permissible maximum mass not exceeding 750 kg;

e) "D1" − a motor vehicle designed for the carriage of passengers and having more than 8 but not more than 16 seating places, excluding the driver's seat; a "D1" subcategory motor vehicle coupled to a trailer with a permissible maximum mass not exceeding 750 kg;

f) "C1E" – a "C1" subcategory motor vehicle coupled to a trailer with a permissible maximum mass exceeding 750 kg but not exceeding the unladen mass of the motor vehicle, and the total permissible maximum mass of such a combination not exceeding 12,000 kg;

g) "D1E" − a "D1" subcategory motor vehicle coupled to a trailer which is not designed for the carriage of passengers and with a permissible maximum mass exceeding 750 kg but not exceeding the unladen mass of the motor vehicle, and the total permissible maximum mass of such a combination not exceeding 12,000 kg.

Law of Georgia of 16 November 2021 No. 1011 – website, 22.11.2021.

Article 55. Examination for the right to drive a vehicle and requirements necessary for granting the right to drive 1. Except for the cases provided for by the legislation of Georgia, the right to drive vehicles of the categories and/or subcategories defined by Article 54 of this Law may be granted to a person who has successfully passed the relevant examination for the right to drive (theoretical and/or one- or two-stage practical).🔗

2. A person shall be admitted to the examination for the right to drive vehicles of the categories and/or subcategories defined by Article 54 of this Law if:

a) he/she has successfully completed, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, the full course of theoretical and practical training for drivers at a driver training institution/institutions (except for the cases provided for by paragraph 3 of this Article and the case of admission of a person to the examination for the right to drive a vehicle of category "AM");

b) he/she meets the requirements established by the legislation of Georgia for granting the right to drive;

c) the ground for suspension or deprivation of the right to drive has been eliminated and the period of suspension or deprivation of the right to drive has expired, except for the cases provided for by paragraph 5¹ of Article 59 of this Law;

d) there is no ground for termination (revocation) of the right to drive;

e) he/she meets other requirements established by the legislation of Georgia.

3. A person who has reached the age of 18 and who has not undergone the appropriate training at a driver training institution may be admitted to the examination for the right to drive a vehicle of category "B"/subcategory "A1", "A2" or "B1". The rule established by this paragraph shall also apply to the admission, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, of a person who has reached the age of 21 to the examination for the right to drive a vehicle of category "A".

4. The following minimum age limit is established for granting the right to drive a vehicle:

a) for a vehicle of category "AM" – 16 years;

a¹) for a vehicle of subcategory "A1" – 17 years;

a²) for a vehicle of subcategory "A2" – 18 years;

b) for a vehicle of category "A":

b.a) 21 years, if, not less than 2 years before the requirement to obtain the right to drive a vehicle of this category, the person was granted the right to drive a vehicle of subcategory "A2";

b.b) 24 years, if the circumstance defined by subparagraph "b.a" of this paragraph does not exist;

c) for a vehicle of subcategory "B1" – 16 years;

d) for a vehicle of category "B" – 17 years;

e) for a vehicle of category "BE" – 18 years;

f) for vehicles of subcategories "C1" and "C1E" – 18 years;

g) for vehicles of categories "C" and "CE" – 21 years;

h) for vehicles of subcategories "D1" and "D1E" – 21 years;

i) for vehicles of categories "D" and "DE" – 24 years;

j) for a vehicle of category "T" – 17 years;

k) for an "S" category vehicle — 18 years;

l) for a tram — 21 years.

5. The right to drive a "C1" subcategory vehicle may be granted to a person who, at the moment of the request for obtaining it, holds the right to drive a "B" category vehicle.

6. The right to drive "C" and "D" category, as well as "D1" subcategory vehicles may be granted to a person 1 year after the granting of the right to drive "B" category vehicles (the time of suspension or deprivation of the driving right shall not be counted in this period).

7. The right to drive a "C1E" subcategory vehicle may be granted to a person who, at the moment of the request for obtaining it, holds the right to drive a "C1" subcategory vehicle.

8. The right to drive a "D1E" subcategory vehicle may be granted to a person who, at the moment of the request for obtaining it, holds the right to drive a "D1" subcategory vehicle.

9. The right to drive a "BE" category vehicle may be granted to a person who, at the moment of the request for obtaining it, holds the right to drive a "B" category vehicle.

10. The right to drive a "CE" category vehicle may be granted to a person who, at the moment of the request for obtaining it, holds the right to drive a "C" category vehicle.

11. The right to drive a "DE" category vehicle may be granted to a person who, at the moment of the request for obtaining it, holds the right to drive a "D" category vehicle.

12. In the presence of circumstances determined by the legislation of Georgia, it is mandatory, when the authorized body admits a person to the examination for obtaining the right to drive a vehicle, as well as when restoring a suspended or deprived driving right, to establish the compliance of the person's state of health with the health requirements necessary for driving a vehicle.

[ 12. In the case of the existence of circumstances determined by the legislation of Georgia, it is mandatory, when the authorized body admits a person to the examination for obtaining the right to drive a vehicle, when restoring a suspended or deprived driving right, as well as when replacing or restoring a driving licence, to verify the compliance of the person's state of health with the health requirements necessary for driving a vehicle. In order to verify the compliance of a person's state of health with the health requirements necessary for driving a vehicle, the authorized body shall obtain the relevant data also from the unified information database of persons with mental health problems, suffering from alcoholism, drug addiction and/or toxicomania (hereinafter — the unified information database). (shall enter into force from 1 May 2026)]

13. A person who, under the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, has been imposed a restriction on driving vehicles of the categories/subcategories defined by Article 54 of this Law, related to the wearing of any device and/or adaptation of the vehicle, and/or has been restricted from performing any action and/or has been imposed another restriction, the driving right granted to the driver shall have legal force only where the requirements provided for by these restrictions are fulfilled. The restrictions defined by this paragraph shall be reflected in coded form in the driving licence. In addition to the restrictions defined by this paragraph, data containing additional information may be indicated in the driving licence in accordance with the established procedure.

14. The requirements for the state of health necessary for driving vehicles of the categories and/or subcategories defined by Article 54 of this Law, the authorised person establishing the compliance of a person's state of health with these requirements, the coded restrictions related to driving provided for by paragraph 13 of this Article and the conditions for their imposition, as well as the procedure for indicating data containing additional information shall be determined by a joint order of the Minister of Internally Displaced Persons from the Occupied Territories, Labour, Health and Social Protection of Georgia and the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

15. In addition to the requirements provided for by this Article, other requirements necessary for granting the right to drive a vehicle may also be established by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

16. With respect to military servicemembers in military service, requirements different from those defined by this Article may be established by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

17. In the presence of the circumstances defined by paragraph 13 of this Article, a person who, while driving a vehicle, fails to comply with the requirements provided for by the restrictions shall be considered as not having the right to drive.

Law of Georgia No. 3487 of 29 April 2015 – website, 14 May 2015.

Law of Georgia No. 711 of 21 April 2017 – website, 10 May 2017.

Law of Georgia No. 1720 of 13 December 2017 – website, 25 December 2017.

Law of Georgia No. 3071 of 5 July 2018 – website, 11 July 2018.

Law of Georgia No. 1011 of 16 November 2021 – website, 22 November 2021.

Law of Georgia No. 1145 of 9 December 2025 – website, 15 December 2025.

Article 56. Equivalence of the rights to drive vehicle categories and subcategories 1. A person holding the right to drive a vehicle of category "A", "B", "C" or "D" shall also have the right to drive a vehicle of subcategory "A1", "A2", "B1", "C1" or "D1" established within the said category.🔗

2. A person holding the right to drive a vehicle of category "CE" or "DE" shall also have the right to drive a vehicle of subcategory "C1E" or "D1E" established within the granted category.

3. A person holding the right to drive vehicles of category "CE" or "DE", as well as of subcategory "C1E" or "D1E", shall also have the right to drive a vehicle of category "BE".

4. A person holding the right to drive a vehicle of category "CE", who also has the right to drive a vehicle of category "D", shall also have the right to drive a vehicle of category "DE".

5. A person holding the right to drive a vehicle of subcategory "C1E", who also has the right to drive a vehicle of subcategory "D1", shall also have the right to drive a vehicle of subcategory "D1E".

6. A person holding the right to drive a vehicle of category "DE", who also has the right to drive a vehicle of subcategory "C1", shall also have the right to drive a vehicle of subcategory "C1E".

7. A person holding the right to drive a vehicle of category "C" shall, 1 year after obtaining the driving licence of this category, have the right, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, to transport passengers in the body of a truck, if the number of passengers, excluding the driver, does not exceed 8.

8. A person holding the right to drive vehicles of categories "C" and "D" shall, 3 years after obtaining the driving licence of category "C", have the right to transport more than 8 passengers in the body of a truck equipped in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.

8¹. A person holding the right to drive a vehicle of category "A" shall also have the right to drive a tricycle whose maximum power exceeds 15 kW.

8². A person holding the right to drive a vehicle of subcategory "A1" shall also have the right to drive a tricycle whose maximum power does not exceed 15 kW.

8³. A person holding the right to drive a vehicle of subcategory "A2" shall also have the right to drive a vehicle of subcategory "A1" and a tricycle whose maximum power does not exceed 15 kW.

8⁴. A person holding the right to drive a vehicle of any category/subcategory defined by Article 54 of this Law shall also have the right to drive a vehicle of category "AM".

9. A person holding the right to drive a “B” category vehicle shall be entitled to drive a wheeled agricultural tractor the permissible maximum mass of which does not exceed 4,250 kg, as well as the said mechanical vehicle coupled to a trailer, if the total permissible maximum mass of such combination does not exceed 4,250 kg.

10. A person holding the right to drive a “C1” subcategory vehicle shall be entitled to drive a wheeled agricultural tractor the permissible maximum mass of which does not exceed 8,250 kg, as well as the said mechanical vehicle coupled to a trailer, if the total permissible maximum mass of such combination does not exceed 8,250 kg.

11. A person holding the right to drive a “C” category vehicle shall be entitled to drive a wheeled agricultural tractor the permissible maximum mass of which does not exceed 12,000 kg, as well as the said mechanical vehicle coupled to a trailer, if the total permissible maximum mass of such combination does not exceed 12,000 kg.

12. The rights defined by paragraphs 9–11 of this Article shall apply only in the territory of Georgia.

13. The rights defined by paragraphs 1–11 of this Article shall extend to the holder of a driving licence issued by a foreign country only if this is provided for by the legislation of the country issuing the driving licence.

14. In addition to the equivalence defined by paragraphs 1–11 of this Article, other equivalences of the rights to drive categories and subcategories of vehicles may also be established by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

15. In the cases provided for by the legislation of Georgia, where the authorised person notes the relevant recommendation in the health status certificate, the person holding the right to drive may not be granted, or may be restricted in, the right to drive a vehicle of the equivalent category/subcategory defined by this Article, established within the acquired category/subcategory, and/or another type of restriction on driving a vehicle may be imposed.

Law of Georgia of 29 April 2015 No. 3487 - website, 14.05.2015.

Law of Georgia of 16 November 2021 No. 1011 – website, 22.11.2021.

Article 57. For granting to a person under 18 years of age the right to drive a vehicle, the written consent of one of his/her parents or curator shall be mandatory for admission to the driving test for a person under 18 years of age in the cases provided for by the legislation of Georgia. In the event of successfully passing this test, the person under 18 years of age shall be granted the right to drive a vehicle of the corresponding category/subcategory and shall be issued a driving licence.🔗

Law of Georgia of 16 November 2021 No. 1011 – website, 22.11.2021.

Article 58. Some legal and organisational regulations related to the granting of the right to drive a vehicle 1. Within the scope of its competence, the Agency shall conduct the examination for obtaining the right to drive vehicles of the categories and subcategories defined by Article 54 of this Law, grant and revoke the right to drive, restore a suspended, withdrawn or terminated (revoked) right to drive, and also issue (including replace and restore) and revoke a driving licence, a tram driving licence and an international driving licence.🔗

2. The granting to a person of the right to drive a vehicle of category „AM“, „A“, „B“, „C“, „D“, „BE“, „CE“, „DE“, „T“, „S“ and/or subcategory „A1“, „A2“, „B1“, „C1“, „D1“, „C1E“, „D1E“ shall be confirmed by the issuance of a driving licence (hereinafter – the driving licence), while the granting of the right to drive a tram – by the issuance of a tram driving licence. At the same time:

a) the date of granting the right to drive a vehicle of each category/subcategory shall be deemed to be the date of issuance of the driving licence for a vehicle of that category/subcategory;

b) the validity period of the driving licence for the right to drive vehicles of categories „AM“, „A“, „B“, „BE“, „T“, „S“/subcategories „A1“, „A2“, „B1“ shall be:

b.a) 15 years (except for the case provided for by subparagraph „b.b“ of this paragraph);

b.b) where an authorised person notes in a certificate on the state of health a recommendation on the issuance of the driving licence for a limited period – the period determined for the necessary verification of the state of health of the interested person, but not more than 5 years;

c) the validity period of the driving licence for the right to drive vehicles of categories „C“, „CE“, „D“, „DE“/subcategories „C1“, „C1E“, „D1“, „D1E“ shall be:

c.a) 5 years (except for the case provided for by subparagraph „c.b“ of this paragraph);

c.b) where an authorised person notes in a certificate on the state of health a recommendation on the issuance of the driving licence for a limited period – the period determined for the necessary verification of the state of health of the interested person, but not more than 3 years;

d) the validity period of the driving licence for the right to drive a tram shall be:

d.a) 5 years (except for the case provided for by subparagraph „d.b“ of this paragraph);

d.b) where an authorised person notes in a certificate on the state of health a recommendation on the issuance of the driving licence for a limited period – the period determined for the necessary verification of the state of health of the interested person, but not more than 3 years.

2¹. A driving licence confirming the right to drive vehicles of the categories and subcategories defined by Article 54 of this Law and having legal force shall be assigned a points system.

2². A driving licence issued in Georgia shall, under the points system, be assigned 100 points:

a) on 1 January of each calendar year;

b) on the day of issuance of the driving licence during a calendar year (obtaining additionally the right to drive a vehicle of another category (subcategory), restoration in the same calendar year of a driving right suspended or withdrawn during the calendar year (except for the cases provided for by paragraph 5¹ of Article 59 of this Law), replacement of the driving licence during a calendar year or restoration of a lost driving licence does not result in an increase or any other change in the number of points determined by this paragraph);

c) upon restoration of the driving right in the cases provided for by paragraph 5¹ of Article 59 of this Law.

2³. The points awarded to a driving licence shall be valid throughout the calendar year. On 1 January of the following calendar year, the remaining number of points awarded to the driving licence shall be cancelled and 100 points shall be awarded to the driving licence anew. The commission of an administrative offence in the field of road traffic on the territory of Georgia during a calendar year shall result in a reduction of the number of points awarded to the driving licence in accordance with Annex No. 5 to this Law.

2⁴. The suspension, withdrawal or restoration of the driving right during a calendar year (except for the cases provided for by paragraph 5¹ of Article 59 of this Law) shall not affect the number of points awarded to the driving licence during the said calendar year. At the same time, in the event of restoration during the current calendar year of a driving right that was suspended or withdrawn during the previous calendar year, the rule established by subparagraph „b“ of paragraph 2² of this Article shall apply.

2⁵. If, in accordance with a committed administrative offence, the number of points awarded to the driving licence during a calendar year is reduced to such an extent that it equals zero or a number less than zero, the said number of points shall be considered exhausted. The exhaustion of the number of points awarded to the driving licence shall result in the suspension for 1 year of the right of the holder of this driving licence to drive vehicles of all categories (subcategories) awarded to him/her.

2⁶. The authorised body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia shall be obliged, by e-mail and/or short text message, to warn the holder of the driving licence about the risk of suspension of the driving right when the number of points awarded to the driving licence is reduced to 50 and, subsequently, when reduced to 20, if it has the relevant contact information of this person.

2⁷. A driving licence issued by a foreign country shall be awarded 100 points on the territory of Georgia on a one-time basis:

a) from the day of the emergence of legal force on the territory of Georgia;

b) in the cases provided for by subparagraphs „a“ and „c“ of paragraph 2² of this Article.

2⁸. The rules established by Articles 58 and 59 of this Law shall apply to the driving licence defined by paragraph 2⁷ of this Article. In the event of exhaustion of the number of points awarded to a driving licence issued by a foreign country, the holder of that driving licence shall be prohibited from driving a mechanical vehicle in Georgia. In this case, the restoration of the right to drive on the territory of Georgia shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

2⁹. The rule on the reduction of the number of points awarded to a driving licence shall not apply to administrative offences recorded on photographic film and/or video film.

2¹⁰. The rule for the administration of the points system awarded to a driving licence shall be determined by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

3. In the cases provided for by subparagraphs „b“, „c“ and „d“ of paragraph 2 of this Article, the validity period of a driving licence for the right to drive vehicles of the awarded categories (subcategories) shall be renewed in accordance with the procedure established by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

4. The total validity period of a driving licence shall correspond to the maximum validity period of the driving licence for the right to drive a vehicle of the awarded category (subcategory) reflected therein.

5. Except for the cases provided for by the legislation of Georgia, the issuance of a driving licence and a tram driving licence shall be deemed to be the production (printing) by the Agency of a driving licence for the awarded category/subcategory and the reflection of the relevant entries in the register of issuance of driving licences. Before the issuance of a driving licence, a person shall be deemed not to have the right to drive.

6. The relevant information on the issuance (including replacement and restoration) of a driving licence, a tram driving licence and an international driving licence shall be reflected in the register of issuance of driving licences maintained by the Agency. In the event of inconsistency between the entries existing in the register of issuance of driving licences and the entries reflected in a driving licence, a tram driving licence or an international driving licence, preference shall be given to the entries existing in the register of issuance of driving licences, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of Georgia.

7. The procedure and conditions for conducting the examination for the right to drive vehicles of the categories and subcategories defined by Article 54 of this Law, for granting and revoking the right to drive, for restoring a suspended, withdrawn or terminated (revoked) right to drive, for issuing (including replacement and restoration) and revoking a driving licence, a tram driving licence and an international driving licence, for maintaining the register of issuance of driving licences, as well as for replacing and recognising a document certifying the right to drive a vehicle issued by a foreign country, shall be determined by this Law and by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

8. The examination tests (tickets) of the theoretical examination for obtaining the right to drive vehicles of the categories and subcategories defined by Article 54 of this Law shall be approved by Order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

8¹. The form of a driving licence (except for the form of a tram driving licence) shall be approved by the Government of Georgia.

9. The form of a tram driving licence shall be approved by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

10. The validity term of a driving licence for the right to drive a vehicle of the assigned category (subcategory), as determined by paragraph 2 of this article, may be reduced in accordance with the procedure established by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 29 April 2015 No. 3487 – website, 14.05.2015.

Law of Georgia of 21 April 2017 No. 711 – website, 10.05.2017.

Law of Georgia of 16 November 2021 No. 1011 – website, 22.11.2021.

Article 59. Grounds for Suspension, Deprivation and Termination (Cancellation) of the Right to Drive a Vehicle1. The grounds for suspension of the right to drive vehicles of the categories and subcategories determined by Article 54 of this Law are:🔗

a) the state of health of a person failing to meet the health requirements necessary for driving a vehicle, as determined by the legislation of Georgia;

[ a¹) removal of a person from substitution treatment due to violation of the rules of substitution treatment; (shall enter into force from 1 May 2026)]

b) suspension of the right to drive a vehicle in accordance with the procedure established by the Code of Administrative Offences of Georgia;

c) expiry of the validity of the driving licence granted to a person for the right to drive a vehicle of category "AM", "A", "B", "C", "D", "BE", "CE", "DE", "T", "S" / subcategory "A1", "A2", "B1", "C1", "D1", "C1E", "D1E" (only for a vehicle of that category and/or subcategory);

d) expiry of the validity of the driving licence;

d¹) exhaustion, during a calendar year and in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, of the number of points awarded to the driving licence;

e) the existence of other circumstances established by the legislation of Georgia.

2. The grounds for deprivation of the right to drive vehicles of the categories and subcategories determined by Article 54 of this Law are:

a) deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle in accordance with the procedure established by the Criminal Code of Georgia;

b) deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle in accordance with the procedure established by the Law of Georgia "On Combating Drug Crime".

3. The grounds for termination (cancellation) of the right to drive vehicles of the categories and subcategories determined by Article 54 of this Law are:

a) a decision adopted by an authorised body (official) on the termination (cancellation) of the right to drive a vehicle;

b) the death of the person;

c) the existence of other circumstances established by the legislation of Georgia.

4. Suspension, deprivation and termination (cancellation) of the right to drive a vehicle shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.

[ 4¹. The procedure for the deprivation and restoration of the right to drive a vehicle for a person involved in substitution treatment shall be established by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia. (shall enter into force from 1 May 2026)]

5. In the presence of the circumstances defined by paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, a person shall be prohibited from driving a vehicle until the ground for suspension or deprivation of the right to drive has been eliminated and the right to drive has been restored, except for the case provided for by subparagraph "c" of paragraph 1 of Article 54 of this Law. The suspended or deprived right to drive a vehicle shall be restored in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.

5¹. A person whose right to drive has been suspended on the ground defined by subparagraph „d1“ of paragraph 1 of this Article shall have the right to drive restored upon the expiry of 1 calendar year from its suspension, or the right to drive shall be restored early after successfully passing the examination for obtaining the right to drive a vehicle, in accordance with the procedure established by Order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia. A person shall be admitted to the examination for obtaining the right to drive a vehicle only once during a calendar year for the purpose of early restoration of the right to drive.

6. From the suspension of the right to drive a vehicle on the grounds defined by subparagraphs „a“, „c“, „d“ and „d1“ of paragraph 1 of this Article until the restoration of the right to drive in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, a person whose right to drive has been suspended shall be considered as not holding the right to drive, except for the case provided for by subparagraph „c“ of paragraph 1 of Article 54 of this Law.

Law of Georgia of 21 April 2017 No. 711 - website, 10.05.2017.

Law of Georgia of 16 November 2021 No. 1011 – website, 22.11.2021.

Law of Georgia of 9 December 2025 No. 1145 – website, 15.12.2025.

[Article 59¹. Verification of the compliance of the health condition of a person holding the right to drive a vehicle with the health condition requirements necessary for driving a vehicle

The Agency is authorised to verify, by means of the unified information database, the compliance of the health condition of a person holding the right to drive a vehicle with the health condition requirements necessary for driving a vehicle. (shall enter into force from 1 May 2026)]

Law of Georgia of 9 December 2025 No. 1145 – website, 15.12.2025.

Article 60. Driver training institution1. The driver training institution and the rights and obligations of instructor-teachers, the rules of activity, the material and technical base necessary for the activity, the rules and forms of exercising control over their activity, as well as the training programs of the theoretical and practical instruction course for driver training shall be determined by the Resolution of the Government of Georgia "On the Activity of Driver Training Institutions and Instructor-Teachers".🔗

2. A driver training institution may conduct a theoretical and/or practical instruction course of driver training. If a person has successfully completed only the theoretical or the practical instruction course at a driver training institution, he/she shall be entitled to continue the remaining instruction course (theoretical or practical) at the driver training institution that provides training in that instruction course. Except for the cases provided by the legislation of Georgia, a person shall be admitted to the examination for obtaining the right to drive transport vehicles of the categories/subcategories defined by Article 54 of this Law, if he/she has successfully completed the full course of theoretical and practical instruction of driver training in accordance with the established procedure.

Law of Georgia of 29 April 2015 No. 3487 – website, 14.05.2015.

Article 61. Training drive1. For the purposes of this Article, the term "vehicle" includes vehicles of the categories and subcategories defined by Article 54 of this Law.🔗

2. The conduct of practical driving instruction (training drive) of a vehicle shall be permitted, taking into account the requirements established by the legislation of Georgia and in accordance with the established procedure, on a closed area, at a motor racing track and on a road. Training drive shall not be permitted on a motorway, at the entrance to and exit from a motorway, in a place declared a pedestrian zone, in a residential zone, in the area of operation of road sign 1.24, on an examination route and on a road included in the list approved by the relevant municipal body. The municipal body shall be entitled to approve the list of roads existing in the territory of the said municipality where training drive is not permitted.

3. A training vehicle used for practical driving instruction (training drive) of a vehicle on a road shall be equipped with additional clutch and brake pedals intended for the instructor-teacher, as well as a rear-view mirror. The corresponding identification sign shall be affixed to the said training vehicle in accordance with the procedure established by subparagraph "h" of paragraph 1 of Article 19 of this Law. If the training drive is conducted with a two- or three-wheeled mechanical vehicle, the said mechanical vehicle and the person driving it shall be equipped with the necessary safety means. For the admission of a person under 18 years of age to drive a training vehicle for the purpose of conducting a training drive, the consent of one of his/her parents or a curator shall be mandatory.

4. Training drive on a road shall be permitted only with a training vehicle together with an instructor-teacher, if the person possesses the initial skills of practical driving of a vehicle. An instructor-teacher shall have the right to conduct a training drive on a road only after he/she is satisfied that the person (student) has sufficiently mastered the initial skills of practical driving of a vehicle.

5. A person who is learning practical driving of a vehicle shall not be more than 1 year younger than the minimum age limit established by paragraph 4 of Article 55 of this Law for the granting of the right to drive the same vehicle.

6. The requirements established by paragraph 3 of this Article shall not apply to a specialised self-propelled machine and an agricultural machine.

7. Training drive with a specialised self-propelled machine and an agricultural machine shall be permitted only on a closed area and at a motor racing track.

Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 6876 – website, 28 July 2020.

Law of Georgia of 16 November 2021 No. 1011 – website, 22 November 2021.

Article 62. Transitional provisions🔗

1. Driving licences issued in Georgia from 1 April 2006 until the entry into force of this Law, which confer on a person (regardless of the date of conferral) the right to drive vehicles of categories (subcategories) "A", "B", "BE", "T", "S", "A1" and "B1", shall retain legal force until 1 September 2028 (except for the cases provided for by paragraph 4 of this Article).

2. Driving licences issued in Georgia from 1 April 2006 until the entry into force of this Law, which confer on a person (regardless of the date of conferral) the right to drive vehicles of categories (subcategories) "C", "CE", "D", "DE", "C1", "C1E", "D1" and "D1E", shall retain legal force until 1 March 2019 (except for the cases provided for by paragraph 4 of this Article).

3. Driving licences issued in Georgia before 1 April 2006 shall retain legal force until 1 April 2018 (except for the cases provided for by paragraph 4 of this Article).

4. Driving licences issued for a limited period due to circumstances provided for by the legislation of Georgia before the entry into force of this Law shall retain legal force for the period of validity determined for these licences.

5. (Removed - 23.12.2017, No. 1913).

6. (Removed - 23.12.2017, No. 1913).

7. A valid driving licence issued in Georgia shall be assigned, on 1 July 2017, the 100 points provided for by this Law, which shall be in force until 1 January 2018.

8. Where a driving right suspended or withdrawn before 1 July 2017 is restored after 1 July 2017, the driving licence shall be assigned the 100 points provided for by this Law.

9. A driving licence issued by a foreign country and having legal force in Georgia shall be assigned, on 1 July 2017, the 100 points provided for by this Law, which shall be in force until 1 January 2018, except where the legal force of the driving licence issued in a foreign country has been suspended on another ground provided for by the legislation of Georgia. From 1 January 2018, the said driving licence shall be assigned the 100 points provided for by this Law in accordance with the general procedure established by this Law.

Law of Georgia of 20 February 2014 No. 2038- website, 26.02.2014.

Law of Georgia of 19 February 2015 No. 3093 - website, 24.02.2015.

Law of Georgia of 21 April 2017 No. 711 - website, 10.05.2017.

Law of Georgia of 23 December 2017 No. 1913 – website, 28.12.2017.

Law of Georgia of 28 June 2018 No. 2713 - website, 29.06.2018,

Article 63. Measures to be implemented in connection with the entry into force of this Law1. The Government of Georgia shall be instructed to ensure, by 1 July 2014:🔗

a) the adoption of the following normative acts:

a.a) "On approval of the rules and conditions of agreement with the body (agency) authorised to permit an oversized (large-sized) or over-normative (heavyweight) vehicle to move on the road";

a.b) "On approval of the requirements imposed on roadworthiness testing centres for motor vehicles";

a.c) "On approval of the technical requirements imposed on motor vehicles (compliance with which is determined by roadworthiness testing) and of the testing methods";

a.d) "On the periodicity of mandatory roadworthiness testing of motor vehicles of various categories";

a.e) "On the form and the rules of production of roadworthiness testing marks for motor vehicles";

a.f) "On the rules for the modification of a vehicle";

a.g) "On self-made mechanical vehicles";

a.h) "On approval of the specimen of the vehicle registration number (state registration plates), internal transit, transit number and 'TEST' number";

a.i) "On approval of the rules for organising the work and rest of drivers of motor vehicles performing international carriage and for the use of control devices (tachographs) for vehicle movement parameters";

a.j) "On approval of the requirements imposed on workshops and mechanics performing the installation, inspection, maintenance and repair of control devices (tachographs)";

a.k) "On the activities of driver training institutions and instructor-teachers";

b) compliance of subordinate acts with this Law.

11. The Government of Georgia shall be instructed to ensure, by 1 November 2017, the adoption of the normative act "On approval of the form of the vehicle registration certificate".

2. The Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Protection of Georgia and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia shall be requested to ensure, by 1 July 2014, the issuance of a joint order "On determining the health requirements necessary for driving a vehicle, the coded restrictions related to driving and the conditions for imposing them, as well as the rules for indicating data containing additional information".

3. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia shall be instructed to:

a) ensure, by 1 July 2014, the issuance of the following normative acts:

a.a) "On establishing the form for the provision by the testing (examination) centre to the Patrol Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia of the list of tested motor vehicles";

a.b) "On approval of the form of the tram driving licence";

a.c) "On the registration and deregistration of vehicles";

a.d) „On approval of the examination tests (tickets) for the theoretical examination for obtaining the right to drive vehicles“;

b) compliance of sub-legislative acts with this Law;

c) by 1 July 2017, approve the rules for administering the system of points awarded to a driving licence.

4. Local self-government bodies shall be tasked, by 1 July 2014, to ensure approval, in their areas of operation, of the list of roads on which practical driving instruction (training drive) of a vehicle is permitted.

5. Before the implementation of the measures provided for by this Article, normative acts issued before the entry into force of this Law retain legal force, regardless of whether or not they comply with the provisions of this Law.

Law of Georgia of 21 April 2017 No. 711 – website, 10.05.2017.

Law of Georgia of 30 June 2017 No. 1197 – website, 14.07.2017.

Article 63¹. Normative acts to be adopted by the Government of GeorgiaThe Government of Georgia shall ensure by 1 January 2018:🔗

a) adoption of the normative acts indicated in paragraphs 4 and 5 of Article 11 of this Law;

b) compliance of sub-legislative normative acts with this Law.

Law of Georgia of 23 December 2017 No. 1913 – website, 28.12.2017.

Article 64. Final provisions1. This Law, except Articles 1–52 and 54–62 of this Law, shall enter into force on the 15th day after publication.🔗

2. Articles 1–52 and 54–62 of this Law shall enter into force from 1 March 2014.

3. Upon the entry into force of this Law, Article 9 of the Law of Georgia „On Road Traffic Safety“ (Legislative Herald of Georgia, No. 22(29), 1999, Art. 104) shall be removed.

4. From 1 March 2014, the Law of Georgia „On Road Traffic Safety“ (Legislative Herald of Georgia, No. 22(29), 1999, Art. 104) shall be declared invalid.

President of Georgia Giorgi Margvelashvili

Kutaisi,

2⁴ December 2013

No. 1830-rs