Code of Georgia on Spatial Planning, Architectural and Construction Activities

Law of Georgia

Code of Georgia on Spatial Planning, Architectural and Construction Activities

Article 1. Scope of the Code🔗

1. This Code establishes:

a) the system of spatial planning and urban planning plans of Georgia, its main principles, goals and objectives, as well as the hierarchy and composition of spatial planning and urban planning plans, the rules for their elaboration and approval;

b) the conditions for the use of a land plot for construction and the main requirements for buildings and structures;

c) the issuance of construction permits, construction supervision, certain types of construction offences, liability measures, and the rules of administrative proceedings related to the consideration of a construction offence case.

2. Construction of facilities with increased technical risk, protection of cultural heritage, social housing and other similar issues shall be determined by the relevant legislation of Georgia.

Article 2. Purpose and Objectives of the Code🔗

1. The purpose of this Code is the legal regulation of spatial planning, urban planning, architectural and construction activities in the territory of Georgia.

2. The objectives of this Code are:

a) regulation of the use and development of the entire territory of Georgia and its parts through spatial planning and urban planning plans elaborated and approved on the basis of harmonization of public interests and private interests;

b) creation of a dignified environment for human life and activity, protection of human health, the environment, natural resources and cultural heritage in the process of spatial planning, urban planning and construction;

c) ensuring effective public participation in the process of spatial planning and urban planning;

d) promotion by the State of improving the quality of architectural and construction activities;

e) ensuring by the State of the development of the architect's creative freedom and architectural education;

f) establishment of main requirements related to the structural strength, stability, reliability, seismic resistance, fire resistance, energy efficiency and noise protection of buildings and structures;

g) ensuring safe urban development for human health and life, establishing best practices of construction activities and improving the quality of construction;

h) ensuring a stable investment environment by simplifying administrative proceedings related to obtaining a construction permit and increasing the effectiveness of construction supervision.

Article 3. Definition of Terms🔗

For the purposes of this Code, the terms used herein have the following meaning:

a) agglomeration – a spatial grouping of settlements of monocentric or polycentric configuration that are dependent on each other through intensive business, production, cultural-educational, transport and engineering infrastructure links;

b) architectural sketch – an outline reflecting an architectural concept created as a result of architectural creative work, which meets the requirements determined by the relevant resolution of the Government of Georgia;

c) architectural project – the main document reflecting an architectural concept created as a result of architectural creative work and professional activity, which meets the requirements determined by the relevant resolution of the Government of Georgia;

d) architectural activity – an activity that involves the design of a building, structure, interior, exterior, the resolution of spatial-planning issues, and the determination of tasks for the design of the engineering-technical, technological and other parts of the project;

e) new construction – construction carried out on the part of the land plot where no building or structure stands or where the existing building or structure is completely replaced; installation/placement of a temporary building or structure;

f) type of use – the type of actual use of the territory or the use determined by an urban planning document. The type of use is homogeneous (dominant type) if not less than 75% of the territory is used with an identical function, and the type of use is mixed if more than 25% of the territory is used with a different function;

g) development plan – the plan determined in accordance with Article 40 of this Code;

h) detailed development plan – the plan determined in accordance with Article 41 of this Code;

i) development regulation line (red line) – an imaginary boundary established for the land plot by an urban planning document, beyond which the building or structure must be located. One or more red lines may be established for the land plot;

j) mandatory development line (blue line) – an imaginary boundary established for the land plot by an urban planning document, on which the building or structure must be located. One or more blue lines may be established for the land plot;

k) developed territory – part of the settlement territory, which may include any zone determined by the main provisions, except for the environmental protection zone, landscape-recreational zone, agricultural zone, transport zone 2 and military purpose zone 2;

l) (deleted – 3 September 2025, No. 952).

m) special regulation territory − a territory having the status of a special regulation territory, granted by a legal act of the Government of Georgia to a settlement or to a municipality or to a part of its territory, proceeding from factors of great public, economic, ecological, humanitarian, defence, resort, sports-and-health, recreational, cultural and/or other importance;

n) settlement − the distribution of the economic and other types of activity of the population throughout the entire territory of Georgia;

o) general plan − the plan determined in accordance with Article 39 of this Code;

p) settlement − the territorial unit of population settlement determined by the Organic Law of Georgia "Local Self-Government Code";

q) internal development of a settlement − an urban planning process the aim of which is to raise the potential of an established settlement by densification of development (increase of development intensity) in individual territories, by re-use of degraded spaces and by other similar measures;

r) dismantling − the organised demolition/taking down of an existing building or structure or a part thereof;

s) (removed - 20.12.2019, No. 5693);

t) insolation − the illumination of the surface of a territory and/or of the internal, habitable parts of a building by solar rays;

u) accredited inspection body − the body determined by subparagraph "f" of Article 15 of the Code of Product Safety and Free Movement;

v) infrastructure − the aggregate of engineering-technical, transport, as well as communication facilities, structures and networks;

w) historical development protection zone − the historical development protection zone determined in accordance with the Law of Georgia "On Cultural Heritage";

x) conservation − the aggregate of measures carried out in the manner established by the legislation of Georgia for the purpose of maintaining the existing condition of a building or structure, protecting the building or structure from destruction or irreversible changes;

y) structural project − a detailed (working) document reflecting the structural calculation and solution necessary for the implementation of construction, which satisfies the requirements determined by the relevant Resolution of the Government of Georgia;

z) structural scheme − the main document reflecting the structural solution and calculation necessary for the implementation of construction, which satisfies the requirements determined by the relevant Resolution of the Government of Georgia;

aa) cultural heritage protection zone − the cultural heritage protection zone determined in accordance with the Law of Georgia "On Cultural Heritage";

bb) neighbourhood boundary zone − a part of a land plot which is located at a distance of less than 3 metres from the neighbourhood boundaries of the land plot;

cc) construction − the aggregate of actions carried out during the preparation of a construction site, the new construction, reconstruction, dismantling, conservation and/or repair of buildings or structures or parts thereof;

dd) person carrying out construction − the holder of the construction permit or a person who carries out unpermitted construction;

ee) construction organisation project − an integral part of the construction project, in which the conditions for carrying out the construction are defined in detail, including: the day of commencement of construction works, the stages and duration of construction, the schedule for carrying out the construction taking into account the stages of construction, the place on the construction site designated for construction machinery and building materials, the place for placing temporary buildings/structures, the methods and measures for ensuring safety, the list of acts of concealed works, inspection and testing, the optimal time limit for carrying out a particular work and other issues provided for by the legislation of Georgia;

ff) construction notice − the obligation of the person carrying out construction, for the purpose of carrying out the construction of Class I-II buildings/structures, to give notice (simple notice, detailed notice) to the authorised body issuing the construction permit;

gg) structure – a structural system created from construction materials and products, which is immovably connected to the ground;

gg¹) reconstruction − substantial alteration of an existing building/structure and/or its part for the purpose of their physical, qualitative and property renewal;

gg²) milestone protocol − the relevant document drawn up on the completion of individual stages of construction;

gg³) public boundary zone − a zone of not more than 15 metres in length from the public boundary of the land plot to the middle line of the adjacent public space (if a greater distance is not established by the detailed development plan);

gg⁴) public space − the adjacent registered or unregistered space of the land plot which is used for public purposes, namely, a street, road, highway, dead-end, pavement, lawn, garden, square, water mirror, landscape-recreational zone, public road, servitude and other similar space;

gg⁵) Agency − a Legal Entity of Public Law within the system of the Ministry − the Spatial and Urban Development Agency;

gg⁶) construction documentation − permit documentation approved/agreed in accordance with the legislation of Georgia, which is the basis for carrying out construction;

gg⁷) construction material − a product produced for construction purposes;

gg⁸) quality of construction material − the set of qualitative characteristics of construction material;

gg⁹) construction site – the territory defined by the construction organisation project, which is necessary for carrying out construction works and their servicing;

gg¹⁰) construction works − the process of carrying out the construction of an object;

gg¹¹) construction/permit conditions − the construction conditions defined by the construction permit or the construction notice and the construction documentation;

gg¹²) construction activity − preparation of permit documentation, organisation of the construction site, performance of construction and of construction/permit conditions − each of these activities separately or jointly;

gg¹³) permit documentation − documents developed in accordance with the legislation of Georgia, which are submitted to the administrative body issuing the construction permit in order to obtain a construction permit. Requirements for permit documentation are determined in accordance with Article 106 of this Code;

gg¹⁴) spatial planning − geographical reflection of the economic (including agrarian, industrial, transport, etc.), social, cultural and ecological policy of society, which develops within the framework of a multilateral and multidisciplinary approach and ensures, in accordance with the common strategy, balanced development and the physical organisation of space;

gg¹⁵) need for spatial planning and urban planning − the priority and necessity determined on the basis of the goals, tasks and basic principles of spatial planning and urban planning, which are established by the relevant authorised body;

gg¹⁶) strategic environmental assessment − the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia for the study and general forecasting, on the basis of relevant research, of the possible impact on the environment and human health as a result of the implementation of the plan defined by the first paragraph of Article 5 of this Code;

gg¹⁷) technological scheme − the main document reflecting the installation and functioning of technological equipment-units and/or systems necessary for the implementation of construction;

gg¹⁸) unauthorised construction − construction carried out without the legal grounds established by the legislation of Georgia or with such a violation of construction documentation that the function of the building/structure changes and/or the development intensity coefficient is exceeded;

gg¹⁹) urban heritage − the established totality of material and immaterial values of urban life;

gg²⁰) functional zone − a regulated area which has general characteristics, purpose and use and is the subject of specific restrictions. The functional zone is divided into subzones of different purposes (zones with specific characteristics);

gg²¹) urban planning plan − a general plan, a development plan and/or a detailed development plan, which is a normative administrative-legal act. The urban planning plan may be prepared for a city, a town or a village;

gg²²) urban planning − the process of developing an urban planning plan for settlements and various types of territories, on the basis of the principles of sustainable development and the principles of protection of cultural heritage, with the aim of creating a dignified, healthy and safe environment for human life, activity and recreation;

gg²³) urban zoning − planning of a populated territory for the purpose of defining functional zones and establishing development regulation parameters;

gg²⁴) urban development measure – a system of measures in urban development carried out for the purpose of improving the conditions of the transport and engineering infrastructure of the territory and/or the operation of a building/structure, including the improvement of sanitary-hygienic conditions;

gg²⁵) repair – construction during the implementation of which defects are eliminated without changing the appearance and load-bearing structures of the building/structure;

gg²⁶) building/structure which creates a covered space and is bounded by walls and/or other enclosing structures;

gg²⁷) building/structure – a building and/or a structure;

gg²⁸) main provisions – the Resolution of the Government of Georgia “On the Main Provisions for the Regulation of the Use and Development of Territories”;

gg²⁹) pre-design study – topographic-geodetic study, engineering-geological study, study of the ecological situation, study of the condition of the building/structure, development study, documentary study and/or other relevant study;

gg³⁰) results of the pre-design study – part of the permit documentation, which, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, reflects the results of topographic-geodetic, engineering-geological, ecological situation, condition of the building/structure, development, documentary and/or other relevant studies;

gg³¹) Ministry – the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia;

gg³²) greening project – a project for the arrangement of the planned greening space on the construction territory, which may provide for the green plant/plants existing at the relevant site, including woody plants (tree, shrub) and non-woody plants, the implementation of their compensatory planting and/or the planting of green plants in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Law of Georgia of 26 April 2022 No. 1516 – website, 13.05.2022.

Law of Georgia of 5 April 2023 No. 2738 – website, 18.04.2023.

Law of Georgia of 3 September 2025 No. 952 – website, 05.09.2025.

Article 4. Tasks of Spatial Planning and Urban Development Planning🔗

1. The tasks of spatial planning and urban development planning are: the ordering, development and proper provision of the entire territory of Georgia and its parts, and of settlements, the reconciliation of different sectoral interests and the overcoming of possible contradictions between different levels of planning, the creation of conditions for the harmonious development of the human living environment.

2. The development of individual parts of the territory of Georgia shall comply with the main principles of spatial planning, while in the spatial planning of the entire territory of Georgia, the main requirements for the development of its individual parts shall be taken into account.

3. The main goals of the spatial planning of Georgia shall contribute to its full integration with the main requirements of European and international development.

Article 4¹. Implementation and direction of state policy in the field of spatial planning and urban planning🔗

1. State policy in the field of spatial planning and urban planning shall be implemented by the Ministry and, within its competence, directed by the Agency.

2. In order to ensure methodological guidance, coordination and management of the field of spatial planning and urban planning, the Agency shall carry out the study, analysis and assessment of the developed/approved spatial planning and urban planning plans and the documents related thereto, as well as of the territory to be planned, shall establish the compliance of these documents with the requirements of the legislation of Georgia, and shall prepare and issue an appropriate conclusion.

3. At the request of the Agency and/or the Ministry, the body authorised to plan shall be obliged to provide it with the information/documentation necessary for the implementation of the measures defined by paragraph 2 of this article.

4. The conclusion issued by the Agency in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article shall be mandatory for the body authorised to plan when developing spatial planning plans/urban planning plans or when introducing amendments thereto.

Law of Georgia of 3 September 2025 No. 952 – website, 05.09.2025.

Article 5. System of spatial planning and urban planning plans, their hierarchy and compatibility🔗

1. The following hierarchy of spatial planning and urban planning plans shall apply in Georgia:

a) Spatial planning plans. These include:

a.a) Spatial planning plan of Georgia;

a.b) Spatial planning plan of an autonomous republic;

a.c) Multimunicipal/municipal spatial planning plan;

b) Urban planning plans. These include:

b.a) General plan;

b.b) Development plan;

b.c) Detailed development plan.

2. In the process of spatial planning and urban planning, the compatibility of hierarchically subordinate plans with hierarchically superior plans shall be ensured.

3. The absence of a hierarchically superior plan or of individual component parts of a plan shall not hinder the development of a hierarchically subordinate plan. In this case, the requirements established by paragraph 2 of article 4 of this Code shall be taken into account.

4. In individual cases, a plan for the agglomeration of settlements may be developed. The rules established for the development and approval of a multimunicipal/municipal spatial planning plan shall apply to it.

5. The establishment, by a hierarchically subordinate plan, of requirements substantially different from the requirements of a hierarchically superior plan shall be possible only after a corresponding amendment has been introduced into the hierarchically superior plan or simultaneously therewith.

Article 6. Integrated Plans and Sectoral Plans🔗

1. Spatial planning and urban planning shall be carried out through integrated plans and sectoral plans.

2. The plans defined by paragraph 1 of Article 5 of this Code are integrated plans.

3. An integrated plan combines all main issues of spatial planning and formulates the main directions of spatial development for the relevant territory, taking into account paragraphs 3 and 4 of Article 16 of this Code.

4. From an integrated plan, individual aspects may be separated and specified in the form of an independent plan (landscape protection, waste management, seismic zoning and others). The requirements established by this Code for spatial planning and urban planning plans shall apply to it without change.

5. A sectoral plan (environmental protection, protection of cultural heritage, energy development, agricultural development, transport system development and others) is a document developed and approved by the relevant authorised body, the issues related to its content, development and approval are regulated by the legislation of the relevant field, and which is relevant for spatial planning and urban planning plans.

6. The main aspects of sectoral development plans of a territory shall be incorporated and harmonised in the system of spatial planning and urban planning plans of Georgia.

Article 7. Compatibility of a Sectoral Plan with Integrated Plans🔗

1. A sectoral plan shall comply with the requirements of spatial planning and urban planning plans.

2. Spatial planning and urban planning plans shall not contradict a hierarchically superior sectoral plan and shall take into account its requirements.

3. For the purposes of this article, compatibility shall be ensured both when formulating planning objectives and drawing up the planning concept, and in the process of developing, reviewing, coordinating and approving draft plans.

Article 8. Guiding principles of spatial planning and urban planning and compliance of plans with new circumstances🔗

1. Spatial planning and urban planning are based on the principles of sustainable development, which ensure the harmonisation of the economic and social preconditions for the use and development of the relevant territory with the reduction of emergency risks and environmental requirements. For this purpose, spatial planning and urban planning in Georgia shall be carried out in compliance with the following principles:

a) creation and maintenance of dignified living conditions for humans both in populated and unpopulated territories;

b) creation of equal preconditions for the country's economic, social and ecological development, maintenance and proper ensuring of the long-term development potential;

c) development of a polycentric structure of settlements, improvement of links between the city and the village by urban means;

d) giving preference, compared to the development of unpopulated territories, to the renewal and/or intensification of the territories of settlements (including degraded or abandoned settlements), economical and thrifty use of land, preservation of various possibilities of spatial use for the future;

e) protection of the system of unpopulated territories and preservation of naturally and/or culturally formed diversity;

f) formation of a settlement with weakly developed infrastructure as an independent (self-sufficient) functional unit on the basis of partnership with cities and other development centres;

g) effective compliance of service and transport/engineering infrastructure with the system of populated and unpopulated territories, accessibility of communications and of the receipt of information throughout the entire territory of the country, development of social infrastructure, encouragement and promotion of economic activity by creating appropriate territorial preconditions;

h) promotion of the establishment of an integrated transport system in settlements and giving preference to public transport;

i) maximum reduction of the negative impact of transport/engineering infrastructure on the environment, overcoming other expected negative impacts;

j) protection and preservation of historical and cultural links, cultural and natural landscapes, their characteristic features, historical and natural monuments;

k) preservation and development of protected areas and recreational areas, preservation, protection and restoration of soil, water, flora, fauna and climate;

l) protection of populated and unpopulated territories from natural, technogenic and social threats and emergency situations (including fire) through appropriate planning solutions, engineering and economic-organisational measures;

m) preservation of promising sites for the development of renewable energy, creation of spatial-territorial preconditions conducive to the absorption of greenhouse gases from atmospheric air;

n) Ensuring the possibility of scientific research, the safety and efficiency of navigation routes, and the sustainable use of the relevant natural resources in the planning of the space of the territorial sea (waters) of Georgia and the exclusive economic zone of Georgia;

o) Preservation and sustainable development of natural and cultural landscapes, in particular − by promoting the development of agricultural territories and multifunctional-compact settlements;

p) Taking into account the seismic situation existing in Georgia in the process of spatial planning and urban planning.

2. Consideration of the guiding principles of spatial planning and urban planning is mandatory for an administrative body with planning authority.

3. In the process of spatial planning and urban planning, in the event of an inconsistency between a spatial category and a functional zone in individual territories, the matter shall be resolved in accordance with the requirements established by Article 9 of this Code.

4. Where there is a need for spatial planning and urban planning and newly emerged circumstances, the spatial planning and urban planning plans shall be updated.

5. Amendments to spatial planning and urban planning plans shall be made in accordance with the procedure established for the development and approval of new plans.

Article 9. Principle of reconciliation of interests🔗

1. Where necessary, alternative solutions of spatial planning and urban planning shall be presented and taken into account in the process of reconciliation of interests.

2. The administrative body authorized in the process of spatial planning and urban planning shall ensure the weighing and balancing of all significant public interests and private interests.

Article 10. Strategic environmental assessment🔗

Spatial planning plans (the spatial planning plan of Georgia, the spatial planning plan of an autonomous republic, the multi-municipal/municipal spatial planning plan) and urban planning plans (general plan, development plan) shall be subject to strategic environmental assessment in accordance with the procedure and in the cases established by the Environmental Assessment Code. At the same time, those activities provided for by paragraph 9.2 and/or 11.2 of Annex II to the Environmental Assessment Code, which are determined by those urban planning plans (general plan, development plan) for which the strategic environmental assessment procedure provided for by the Environmental Assessment Code has been conducted, shall no longer be subject to the environmental impact assessment screening procedure established by the Environmental Assessment Code.

Law of Georgia of 26 June 2025 No. 789 – website, 04.07.2025.

Article 11. Structure of Spatial Planning and Urban Development Plans🔗

1. Spatial planning and urban development plans consist of a textual part and a graphic part.

2. The textual part describes in writing the essential aspects of spatial planning and the measures to be implemented: the existing situation and its assessment, the main requirements, tasks and planned measures.

3. The textual part shall contain a justification indicating all those significant circumstances on the basis of which the reconciliation of interests took place during the planning process.

4. The graphic part shall comply with cartographic norms and the scales established by the legislation of Georgia.

5. Spatial planning and urban development plans determine the period for the revision of these plans.

Article 12. Obligatory Nature of Spatial Planning and Urban Development Plans🔗

Compliance with the requirements established by spatial planning and urban development plans shall be obligatory for any person.

Article 13. Proactivity of Spatial Planning and Urban Development Plans🔗

For the purpose of full and timely access to information, the administrative body authorised to plan shall be obliged to ensure the publication of spatial planning and urban development plans on the official website of the respective body. In the event of amendments to these plans, they shall be updated.

Article 14. Information System of Spatial Planning and Urban Development Planning🔗

1. The purpose of the information system of spatial planning and urban development planning is the creation of maximally complete and objective information data for the implementation of spatial planning and urban development planning.

2. The information system of spatial planning and urban development planning is maintained at the levels of the Agency and the municipality/municipalities, which may be based on various information databases existing in this field.

3. (deleted on 26.04.2022, No. 1516).

4. The administrative body authorised to plan at the local level shall be obliged to organise the management of the information system of spatial planning and urban development planning within the scope of its area of operation and to provide all information at its disposal to the Agency.

5. The Agency shall systematise and/or process the data provided by the administrative body authorised to plan and/or another body and/or the information obtained on its own initiative.

6. The Agency shall be obliged to ensure the publicity of the information created in accordance with paragraph 5 of this Article in the manner established by the legislation of Georgia.

7. The rules for the management of the information system of spatial planning and urban development planning shall be determined by the Government of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 7011 – website, 28.07.2020.

Law of Georgia of 26 April 2022 No. 1516 – website, 13.05.2022.

Article 14¹. Goals of the Agency's activity, its powers, management and structure🔗

1. The Agency is a Legal Entity of Public Law established by this Code and included in the system of the Ministry.

2. The legal status of the Agency, the goals of its activity and the powers of the Agency shall be determined by this Code, other legislative and subordinate normative acts of Georgia and the statute of the Agency.

3. The legal bases of the Agency's activity are: the Constitution of Georgia, international treaties of Georgia, this Code, the statute of the Agency and the relevant legislation of Georgia.

4. The structure of the Agency and the functions of its structural subdivisions shall be determined by the statute of the Agency. The statute of the Agency shall be approved by the Ministry.

5. The head of the Agency shall be appointed and dismissed by the Minister of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia.

6. The head of the Agency shall be entitled to issue normative acts.

7. Administrative-legal acts of the Agency may be appealed to court.

8. State control over the Agency shall be exercised by the Ministry.

9. The Agency shall be entitled to receive, for the provision of services envisaged by the legislation of Georgia, a fee for the provision of services by the Agency, which shall be credited to the Agency's account.

10. The types of services provided by the Agency, the rates of the respective fees, the procedure for the payment of fees, exemption from their payment and the refund of paid fees shall be determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia, subject to the following conditions:

a) the rate of the fee for services related to the spatial planning plan/urban development plan and/or their constituent parts within the scope of the Agency's powers shall not exceed 10% of the cost of developing such a plan;

b) the rate of the fee for the services of trainings, consultations, granting of the status of the relevant zone, issuance of preliminary assessment documents and conclusions shall not exceed GEL 50,000.

11. The sources of funding of the Agency are: targeted funds allocated from the State Budget of Georgia, the fee for the provision of services by the Agency, and other income permitted by the legislation of Georgia.

12. To achieve the goals of its activity and to perform its own functions, the Agency has property. The procedure for the creation of the Agency's property shall be determined by the legislation of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 26 April 2022 No. 1516 – website, 13.05.2022.

Article 15. Objectives of the Spatial Planning Plan of Georgia🔗

1. The objectives of the Spatial Planning Plan of Georgia are: spatial regulation, development and proper provision of the entire territory of the country, as well as creation of preconditions for the implementation of spatial planning coordinated at the lower level.

2. For the resolution of special spatial planning tasks, a planning unit identified by historical-cultural, economic and/or other characteristics may be defined by a legal act of the Government of Georgia.

3. For the planning unit provided for by paragraph 2 of this article, the Agency shall, in compliance with the requirements established by this Code, develop and, upon submission by the Ministry, the Government of Georgia shall approve the spatial planning plan.

Law of Georgia of 3 September 2025 No. 952– website, 05.09.2025.

Article 16. Composition of the Spatial Planning Plan of Georgia🔗

1. The Spatial Planning Plan of Georgia shall cover the following issues:

a) the existing and prospective structure of settlement (settled and unsettled territories), the hierarchy of centres of settlement at various levels, aspects of demography, urbanisation and decentralisation;

b) spatial categories (settled territory, agricultural purpose territory, natural landscape, other territory);

c) the system of development centres;

d) places of employment, places of intensive development of housing, territories with weakly developed structure;

e) measures for the protection of unsettled territories, preservation and development of their functions;

f) places for the extraction of minerals in unsettled territories;

g) water bodies and water catchment areas;

h) agricultural purpose territories;

i) territories for the protection and development of forest massifs;

j) the system of protected areas;

k) recreational territories and resort territories;

l) territories for the protection of cultural heritage;

m) main engineering and transport communications;

n) main planning axes of infrastructure and spatial-territorial development;

o) energy facilities;

p) territories with production potential;

q) main measures to be taken to improve the ecological situation existing in individual parts of the country, preservation of natural and historical-cultural heritage territories;

r) territories designated for defence purposes.

2. Depending on the needs of spatial planning, the Spatial Planning Plan of Georgia may also cover special territories to be used for other purposes, including free industrial, economic and tourist zones.

3. The Spatial Planning Plan of Georgia shall also cover measures for the protection, improvement and development of the landscape.

4. If the requirements provided for by paragraph 3 of this article are defined independently in the plan, the rules established by Articles 6 and 7 of this Code shall apply.

Article 17. Special requirements for the spatial planning plans of the territorial sea (waters) of Georgia and the space of the exclusive economic zone of Georgia🔗

1. For the purposes of this Code, the territorial sea (waters) of Georgia and the exclusive economic zone of Georgia shall be interpreted in accordance with the Law of Georgia “On the Maritime Space of Georgia”.

2. The spatial planning plan of Georgia may include the spatial planning plans of the territorial sea (waters) of Georgia and the space of the exclusive economic zone of Georgia. These plans may include areas within the said zones intended for the extraction and use of living and non-living natural resources of the sea, the formation of an artificial environment, a special environmental protection regime, aquaculture, tourism development and scientific research.

3. The development and approval of the spatial planning plans of the territorial sea (waters) of Georgia and the space of the exclusive economic zone of Georgia shall be carried out in the manner established for the spatial planning plan of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 24 June 2020 No. 6417 – website, 01.07.2020.

Article 18. Authority to develop the spatial planning plan of Georgia🔗

1. Based on the need for spatial planning, the development of the spatial planning plan of Georgia shall be ensured by the Agency, and the Ministry shall submit this plan to the Government of Georgia for approval.

2. The Agency is entitled, in accordance with the legislation of Georgia, to commission another entity to develop the spatial planning plan of Georgia or a part thereof and/or to prepare other documents related thereto.

Law of Georgia of 26 April 2022 No. 1516 – website, 13.05.2022.

Law of Georgia of 3 September 2025 No. 952 – website, 05.09.2025.

Article 19. Administrative proceedings in connection with the consideration and approval of the draft spatial planning plan of Georgia🔗

1. The consideration and approval of the spatial planning plan of Georgia shall be carried out in two interdependent, but from the standpoint of administrative proceedings independent, stages:

a) Stage I − consideration and approval of the concept of the spatial planning plan of Georgia;

b) Stage II − consideration and approval of the spatial planning plan of Georgia.

2. The concept of the spatial planning plan of Georgia shall include the main goals and objectives of the country's spatial planning, and the ways of achieving and resolving them.

3. The concept of the spatial planning plan of Georgia developed by the Agency, and the conclusion on this concept, shall be submitted by the Ministry to the Government of Georgia.

4. The concept of the spatial planning plan of Georgia shall be approved by the Government of Georgia.

5. The spatial planning plan of Georgia shall be developed on the basis of the approved concept of the spatial planning plan of Georgia.

6. The conclusion submitted by the Agency on the spatial planning plan of Georgia shall be submitted by the Ministry to the Government of Georgia.

7. The spatial planning plan of Georgia shall be approved by the Government of Georgia upon submission by the Ministry.

Law of Georgia of 26 April 2022 No. 1516 – website, 13.05.2022.

Law of Georgia of 3 September 2025 No. 952 – website, 05.09.2025.

Article 20. Amendment of the spatial planning concept of Georgia and/or the spatial planning plan of Georgia🔗

The spatial planning concept of Georgia and/or the spatial planning plan of Georgia shall be amended in accordance with the procedure established for its approval.

Article 21. Mandatory nature of the spatial planning plan of Georgia, its relation to hierarchically subordinate spatial planning plans and the possibility of allowing an exception🔗

1. Compliance with the requirements established by the spatial planning plan of Georgia shall be mandatory for hierarchically subordinate spatial planning plans.

2. The composition of the spatial planning plan of Georgia may be presented both in the form of mandatory requirements and in the form of the possibility of allowing alternatives.

3. Hierarchically subordinate plans may establish different requirements if such a possibility is provided for by the spatial planning plan of Georgia and/or if the establishment of different requirements does not change its main essence, which shall be agreed with the Agency.

4. The establishment of substantially different requirements by hierarchically subordinate plans shall be possible only after the relevant amendment is made to the spatial planning plan of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 26 April 2022 No. 1516 – website, 13.05.2022.

Article 22. Preliminary assessment of infrastructure and/or other similar construction projects having an impact on the spatial planning of Georgia🔗

1. During the period of pre-project study of infrastructure and/or other similar construction projects having an impact on the spatial planning of Georgia, an interested person shall have the right to apply to the Agency with an application requesting the determination of conceptual compliance of these projects with spatial planning plans, principles and objectives, as well as with approved infrastructure projects.

2. The information submitted by an interested person for the purpose of determining the conceptual compliance of infrastructure and/or other similar construction projects having an impact on the spatial planning of Georgia shall enable a decision to be taken on the relevant matter. The Agency shall be entitled to additionally require the interested person to provide other information and documents necessary for taking a decision on the said matter.

3. A decision on the matter defined by paragraph 1 of this article shall be taken by the Agency.

4. A decision defined by this article shall not release a person in the future from the obligations provided for by the legislation of Georgia, the fulfilment of which is necessary for taking a final decision in connection with infrastructure and/or other construction projects.

5. The rules and conditions for determining the conceptual compliance of infrastructure and/or other similar construction projects having an impact on the spatial planning of Georgia shall be determined by the Government of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 26 April 2022 No. 1516 – website, 13.05.2022.

Article 23. Submission of a proposal on ensuring the compliance and/or cancellation of hierarchically subordinate spatial planning or urban development plans and/or measures significant from a spatial-territorial point of view🔗

The Agency shall be entitled, in the event of violation of the requirements provided for by paragraph 3 and/or paragraph 4 of Article 21 of this Code, to submit to the authorised body a proposal on ensuring the compliance and/or cancellation of hierarchically subordinate spatial planning or urban development plans and/or measures significant from a spatial-territorial point of view.

Law of Georgia of 26 April 2022 No. 1516 – website, 13.05.2022.

Article 24. Objectives of the spatial planning plan of the autonomous republics, its elaboration and composition🔗

1. The spatial planning plan of the autonomous republics specifies the spatial planning plan of Georgia within the administrative boundaries of the respective autonomous republic.

2. The objectives of the spatial planning plan of the autonomous republics are: regulation, development and proper provision of the physical environment and infrastructure of the entire territory of the respective autonomous republic, as well as creation of the necessary preconditions for the coordinated implementation of spatial planning at the lower level.

3. To ensure the harmonized development of municipalities, the spatial planning plan of the autonomous republics shall, as far as possible, take into account the interests related to the spatial development of adjacent municipalities and/or the requirements of the current spatial planning and urban planning plans.

4. The spatial planning plan of the autonomous republics, in accordance with the need for spatial planning, determines the main aspects of the spatial planning of the autonomous republics, which are provided for by Article 16 of this Code.

Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 7011 – website, 28.07.2020

Article 25. Public administrative proceedings in connection with the consideration and approval of the spatial planning plan of the autonomous republics🔗

1. The consideration and approval of the spatial planning plan of an autonomous republic shall be carried out in two interdependent, but from the standpoint of administrative proceedings independent, stages:

a) Stage I − consideration and approval of the concept of the spatial planning plan of the autonomous republic;

b) Stage II − consideration and approval of the spatial planning plan of the autonomous republic.

2. The concept of the spatial planning plan of an autonomous republic shall include the main goals and objectives of spatial planning and the ways of achieving and resolving them.

3. Stage I includes the consideration and approval of the draft concept of the spatial planning plan of the autonomous republic. The Government of the Autonomous Republic shall submit to the Government of Georgia the conclusion issued by the Agency on the concept of the spatial planning plan of the autonomous republic. The concept of the spatial planning plan of the autonomous republic shall be approved by the Government of the Autonomous Republic in agreement with the Government of Georgia.

4. Stage II begins after the elaboration of the draft spatial planning plan of the autonomous republic on the basis of the approved concept of the spatial planning plan of the autonomous republic, for the purpose of its consideration and approval.

5. The Government of the Autonomous Republic shall submit to the Government of Georgia the conclusion issued by the Agency on the spatial planning plan of the autonomous republic. The spatial planning plan of the autonomous republic shall be approved by the Government of the Autonomous Republic in agreement with the Government of Georgia.

6. The rule for the elaboration of the spatial planning plan of the autonomous republics and the content of this plan shall be determined by a legal act of the Government of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 3 September 2025 No. 952 – website, 05.09.2025.

Article 26. Mandatory nature of the spatial planning plan of the autonomous republics for hierarchically subordinate plans and the possibility of allowing an exception🔗

1. Compliance with the requirements established by the spatial planning plan of the autonomous republics shall be mandatory for the spatial planning and urban development plans of the municipalities falling within the administrative boundaries of the autonomous republics.

2. With regard to the establishment in hierarchically subordinate plans of requirements different from the requirements of the spatial planning plan of the autonomous republics, the rules established by paragraphs 3 and 4 of Article 21 of this Code shall apply. In the said case, the respective bodies of the autonomous republics shall have the authority to agree on the different requirements.

Article 27. Compliance of hierarchically subordinate plans🔗

The respective agencies of the autonomous republics shall be entitled, in the event of a violation of the requirements established by Article 26 of this Code, to apply with a proposal to bring the hierarchically subordinate spatial planning plans into compliance and/or to annul them to the body having the authority to annul these acts.

Article 28. Basis for the development of the multimunicipal/municipal spatial planning plan and the objectives of this plan🔗

1. The development of a spatial planning plan within the administrative boundaries of a municipality falls within the own powers of the respective municipality.

2. The objectives of the municipal spatial planning plan are: the arrangement, development and proper provision of the physical environment and infrastructure of the territories within the administrative boundaries of the respective municipality.

3. On the basis of an agreement between municipalities, a multimunicipal spatial planning plan may be developed. In this case, the final draft of the multimunicipal spatial planning plan shall be submitted for legal consultation to the legal supervision body in accordance with the procedure established by Article 137 of the Organic Law of Georgia "Local Self-Government Code".

Article 29. Composition of the multimunicipal/municipal spatial planning plan🔗

Depending on the need for spatial planning, the multimunicipal/municipal spatial planning plan shall include the aspects provided for by Article 16 of this Code.

Article 30. Public administrative proceedings in connection with the development of a multimunicipal spatial planning plan🔗

1. The development of a multimunicipal spatial planning plan begins on the basis of the agreement defined by paragraph 3 of Article 28 of this Code.

2. To ensure the development of the draft multimunicipal spatial planning plan, upon the submission of the mayor of the respective municipality, the municipal council approves the composition and regulations of the joint council. In carrying out its activities, the joint council shall be guided by Chapter VII of the General Administrative Code of Georgia and the rules established by the regulations of the joint council.

3. The multimunicipal spatial planning plan, upon the submission of the joint council, is approved by a joint normative act of the municipal councils of the respective municipalities.

4. The procedure for the development of the multimunicipal spatial planning plan and the content of this plan shall be determined by a resolution of the Government of Georgia.

Article 31. Public administrative proceedings in connection with the consideration and approval of a municipality's spatial planning plan🔗

1. The consideration and approval of a municipality's spatial planning plan shall be carried out in two interdependent but, from the standpoint of administrative proceedings, independent stages:

a) Stage I − consideration and approval of the concept of the municipality's spatial planning plan;

b) Stage II − consideration and approval of the municipality's spatial planning plan.

2. Stage I shall begin after the elaboration of the concept of the municipality's spatial planning plan, during which, on the basis of pre-project studies, the consideration and approval of the concept of the municipality's spatial planning plan shall be carried out. The concept shall cover the main goals and objectives of the municipality's spatial planning and the ways of achieving and accomplishing them.

3. The concept of the municipality's spatial planning plan shall be submitted by the relevant municipality to the Agency for the purpose of obtaining a conclusion. The Agency shall ensure the participation of other interested ministries/agencies and, on the basis of its own remarks and opinions, the preparation of the relevant conclusion and its submission to the municipality.

4. The concept of the municipality's spatial planning plan shall be approved by the Sakrebulo of the relevant municipality.

5. Stage II shall begin after the elaboration of the draft municipality's spatial planning plan on the basis of the approved concept of the municipality's spatial planning plan, for the purpose of its consideration and approval.

5¹. The final draft of the municipality's spatial planning plan shall be submitted by the relevant municipality to the Agency for the purpose of obtaining a conclusion. The Agency shall ensure the participation of other interested ministries/agencies and, on the basis of its own remarks and opinions, the preparation of the relevant conclusion and its submission to the municipality.

6. The final draft of the municipality's spatial planning plan, on which the Agency's conclusion has been issued, shall be submitted for legal consultation to the legal supervision body in accordance with the procedure established by Article 137 of the Organic Law of Georgia "Local Self-Government Code".

7. The municipality's spatial planning plan shall be approved by the Sakrebulo of the relevant municipality.

8. Amendments to the municipality's spatial planning plan shall be made by a decision of the Sakrebulo of the municipality, on the basis of an application by any person, in accordance with the rules established for the consideration and approval of the municipality's spatial planning plan.

9. The rules for the elaboration of the municipality's spatial planning plan and the content of this plan shall be determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 26 April 2022 No. 1516 – website, 13.05.2022.

Law of Georgia of 3 September 2025 No. 952 – website, 05.09.2025.

Article 32. Consideration of the interests of adjacent municipalities in the multi-municipal/municipal spatial planning plan🔗

1. To ensure harmonized development, the interests of other adjacent municipalities or the requirements of effective plans shall be taken into account in the multi-municipal/municipal spatial planning plan.

2. For the purposes of paragraph 1 of this Article, upon commencement of the development of the multi-municipal/municipal spatial planning plan, the relevant municipality shall ensure the involvement of adjacent municipalities in the public administrative proceedings related to the development and approval of this plan.

Article 33. Binding nature of the multi-municipal/municipal spatial planning plan for hierarchically subordinate plans and possibility of allowing an exception🔗

1. Compliance with the requirements established by the multi-municipal/municipal spatial planning plan shall be mandatory for hierarchically subordinate urban development plans.

2. Hierarchically subordinate urban development plans may establish different requirements if such a possibility is provided for by the multi-municipal/municipal spatial planning plan or if the establishment of different requirements does not change its fundamental essence.

3. The establishment by hierarchically subordinate urban development plans of requirements substantially different from the requirements of the multi-municipal/municipal spatial planning plan shall be possible only after the relevant amendment is made to this multi-municipal/municipal spatial planning plan.

Article 34. Amendment of the multi-municipal spatial planning plan🔗

1. An amendment to the multi-municipal spatial planning plan may be made by a decision of the interested municipality if this amendment does not concern common interests. In this case, the adjacent municipality shall be involved in the administrative proceedings related to the amendment to the multi-municipal spatial planning plan.

2. If the amendment to be made to the multi-municipal spatial planning plan concerns common interests, upon the request of the interested municipality, the said amendment shall be made to this plan on the basis of the consent of all relevant municipalities.

3. The multi-municipal spatial planning plan shall be declared invalid in accordance with the procedure established by paragraph 2 of this Article.

Article 35. Urban development planning🔗

The implementation of urban development planning within the administrative boundaries of a municipality falls within the own powers of the relevant municipality, except for the case provided for by Article 36 of this Code.

Article 36. Territory of Special Regulation🔗

1. Based on public, economic, ecological, humanitarian, defence, resort, sports-and-health, recreational, cultural and/or other factors of great importance, a settlement or a municipality or part of its territory may be granted the status of a territory of special regulation by a legal act of the Government of Georgia.

2. For the territory defined by paragraph 1 of this Article, the Government of Georgia approves the general plan, and the Agency − the development plan/detailed development plan. When developing them, the requirements established by this Code for the development of an urban planning plan shall apply, taking into account the specificities defined by this Article.

3. The Government of Georgia is entitled to establish for the territory of special regulation special regulatory norms in force on the same territory − different rules for the regulation of the use and development of territories and/or for the development/approval of urban planning documentation.

4. On the territory defined by paragraph 1 of this Article, a construction permit shall be issued in compliance with the requirements provided by the Resolution of the Government of Georgia, taking into account the specificities defined by this Article.

Law of Georgia of 26 April 2022 No. 1516 – website, 13.05.2022.

Law of Georgia of 3 September 2025 No. 952 – website, 05.09.2025.

Article 37. Types of urban planning plans and main tasks of the plans🔗

1. Urban planning on the territory of a municipality shall be carried out through a two-stage system, which implies:

a) regulation of land use, which is carried out through the general plan;

b) regulation of development, which is carried out through the development plan and/or the detailed development plan.

2. The tasks of the general plan are: development of the entire territory of the settlement, general regulation of its use and development and its proper provision.

3. The tasks of the development plan are: development of parts of the territory of the settlement, specific regulation of their use and development and their proper provision.

4. Where necessary, the development plan may cover the entire territory of the settlement, if the task of this plan is the general regulation of the use and development of the entire territory of the settlement.

5. The content of the urban planning plan shall be determined by a legal act of the Government of Georgia.

6. If the development plan covers all the conditions provided by Article 41 of this Code, the development of a detailed plan is not mandatory.

Article 38. Basic Principles of Urban Planning🔗

1. The urban development plan shall be developed and implemented in such a way as to promote the sustainable development of settlements, the welfare of society, socially just land use, the creation and development of a dignified and safe environment, and the preservation and enhancement of the aesthetic quality of architectural, urban planning and landscape appearance.

2. In addition to the requirements established by paragraph 1 of this Article, in the process of urban planning, reconciliation of public and private interests in the field of spatial planning shall be ensured, including:

a) creation and maintenance of a living environment harmless to health and safe working conditions;

b) creation and maintenance of stable social infrastructure;

c) satisfaction of the needs of the population (in particular – families, children, young people, the elderly and persons with disabilities) in the field of social and cultural development;

d) creation of favorable spatial-territorial conditions for education, sports and recreation;

e) maintenance, renewal and development of social and technical infrastructure of settlements;

f) preservation, management and development of planning elements of settlements that have cultural, historical, architectural, urban heritage and aesthetic value (streets, squares, buildings and structures, green areas);

g) protection of the environment and recreational areas (reduction of negative impact on biodiversity, land, water and atmospheric air, protection of climate and landscape, promotion of emission reduction and development of renewable energy, and others), fulfillment of requirements established by various sectoral environmental plans;

h) ensuring the development of economic sectors;

i) creation of an attractive and safe investment environment;

j) provision with communication systems;

k) ensuring population mobility through the development of an integrated transport system, creation of favorable conditions for the use of public transport;

l) maximum reduction of the negative impact of transport on the environment;

m) protection of settlements from natural and man-made emergency situations (including fire);

n) comprehensive development of military defense capability and civil security.

3. The principle of rational use of land shall be taken into account in the urban development plan.

4. Urban planning is based on the principle of zoning.

5. If a land plot is simultaneously located within a cultural heritage protection zone or is subject to a regime established by another sectoral plan, the conditions for its use for construction shall also take into account the requirements established by the relevant legislation for this zone and/or regime.

6. In order to ensure harmonized and coordinated development, the interests of the adjacent municipality shall be taken into account in the general plan and the development plan.

Article 39. Composition of the General Plan🔗

Proceeding from the needs of spatial planning, the general plan, in addition to the aspects provided for by Article 16 of this Code, shall include:

a) functional zones, and, where necessary, subzones;

b) territories designated for social infrastructure, in particular – for schools, kindergartens, healthcare, culture, sports and other social institutions;

c) territories designated for technical infrastructure, for electricity and natural gas supply, water supply, sewerage, drainage, communications and waste processing systems;

d) territories designated for transport infrastructure; issues of developing a comprehensive transport scheme;

e) territories hazardous in terms of the impact of expected floods, mudflows and other natural phenomena;

f) non-building territories (agricultural territories, green area systems, beaches, cemeteries and others);

g) cultural heritage protection zones and data of other sectoral plans (if any);

h) reserve territories.

Article 40. Composition of the Development Plan🔗

1. The development plan consists of a textual part and a graphic part.

2. Taking into account the needs of urban planning, the development plan may establish specific urban planning conditions, including:

a) functional subzones;

b) types of land use in functional subzones;

c) development regulation parameters;

d) type of development (perimeter, group, free, combined and others);

e) other aspects that are established for the general plan, if it follows from the needs of urban planning.

3. The development plan may also include the urban planning conditions established by Article 41 of this Code.

Article 41. Composition of the detailed development plan🔗

1. The detailed development plan consists of a textual part and a graphic part.

2. The detailed development plan, from the standpoint of functional zoning of the land plot, shall establish:

a) functional subzones, and the following parameters of development regulation in these subzones:

a.a) the maximum development coefficient;

a.b) the maximum development intensity coefficient, or simultaneously the maximum and minimum development intensity coefficients;

a.c) the minimum greening coefficient;

a.d) the maximum indicator of the number of storeys and/or height of the development;

b) the type of development;

c) the permitted types of use of the land plot and the building-structure;

d) the parameters of the land plot area (minimum indicator and/or maximum indicator and/or overall dimensions);

e) development regulation lines (red lines);

f) mandatory development lines (blue lines);

g) transport infrastructure and engineering-utility networks;

h) the number of parking spaces for motor vehicles;

i) the greening project, except for individual residential houses and that functional zone in which the minimum greening coefficient is not defined, as well as a detailed description and qualitative assessment of the green planting(s) existing on the land plot.

3. In the event of a need for urban planning, the detailed development plan may also include:

a) places designated for public space (designated for play, recreation, sports purposes, parking and other);

b) territories designated for special purposes (designated for warehousing, public activity, tourism development, ports and other);

c) the conditions of use of those territories which shall not be developed;

d) electricity and natural gas supply, water supply, sewerage, telecommunications and other systems.

4. The detailed development plan shall take into account the requirements established by Article 85 of this Code in relation to ensuring the possibility of use of public space for persons with disabilities.

5. The maximum development coefficient and/or the maximum development intensity coefficient established by the basic provisions may be exceeded on the basis of the detailed development plan, if this is compensated by other measures, this is required by special reasons of urban development (for example, protection and development of urban value), this is not opposed by public interests and will not cause deterioration of the sanitary-hygienic condition of the living environment and working environment of persons.

Law of Georgia of 5 April 2023 No. 2738 – website, 18.04.2023.

Article 42. Public Administrative Proceedings relating to the consideration and approval of the general plan🔗

1. A municipality is entitled, in accordance with the legislation of Georgia, to order from another entity the development of a general plan or part thereof and/or the preparation of other documents related thereto.

2. The general plan shall be considered and approved in two interdependent but, from the standpoint of administrative proceedings, independent stages:

a) Stage I − consideration and approval of the general plan concept;

b) Stage II − consideration and approval of the general plan.

3. Stage I begins after the development of the general plan concept. At this time, on the basis of pre-project studies, the general plan concept shall be considered and approved. The main goals and objectives of urban planning, as well as ways of achieving and resolving them, shall be reflected in the general plan concept.

4. The respective municipality shall submit the general plan concept to the Agency for the purpose of obtaining an opinion. Documents reflecting the positions of other interested ministries/agencies shall be attached to this concept. The Agency shall ensure the preparation of the relevant opinion on the basis of the comments and opinions of other interested ministries/agencies and its own, and its submission to the municipality.

5. The general plan concept shall be approved by the Municipal Council of the respective municipality, and in the case provided for by Article 36 of this Code, by the Government of Georgia.

6. Stage II begins after the development of the draft general plan on the basis of the approved concept of the general plan, for the purpose of its consideration and approval.

7. The respective municipality shall submit the final draft of the general plan to the Agency for the purpose of obtaining an opinion. Documents reflecting the positions of other interested ministries/agencies shall be attached to this draft. The Agency shall ensure the preparation of the relevant opinion on the basis of the comments and opinions of other interested ministries/agencies and its own, and its submission to the municipality.

8. The final draft of the general plan, on which the Agency's opinion has been issued, shall be submitted to the legal supervision body for legal consultation, in accordance with the procedure established by Article 137 of the Organic Law of Georgia "Local Self-Government Code".

9. The general plan shall be approved by the Municipal Council of the respective municipality, and in the case provided for by Article 36 of this Code, by the Government of Georgia.

10. Amendments to the general plan shall be made by a decision of the Municipal Council of the municipality (in the case provided for by Article 36 of this Code, by a decision of the Government of Georgia), on the initiative of the Municipal Council of the municipality (in the case provided for by Article 36 of this Code, on the initiative of the Agency) or on the basis of an application by any person.

11. In the case of making a non-essential amendment to the general plan, Stage I provided for by this Article shall not be carried out.

12. Information on the commencement of the elaboration of the general plan concept (including information on the precise boundaries of the planning area) shall be published by the authorised administrative body no later than 1 month before the commencement of the administrative proceedings.

13. The administrative proceedings related to the consideration and approval of the general plan for the territory provided for by Article 36 of this Code shall be carried out by the Agency, and it shall submit the elaborated general plan concept/final draft of the general plan, through the Ministry, to the Government of Georgia for approval in accordance with the procedure established by this Article (except for paragraphs 4, 7 and 8 of this Article).

14. The rule for the elaboration of the general plan shall be determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 26 April 2022 No. 1516 – website, 13.05.2022.

Law of Georgia of 3 September 2025 No. 952 – website, 05.09.2025.

Article 43. Public administrative proceedings in relation to the consideration and approval of a development plan/detailed development plan🔗

1. A municipality is entitled, in accordance with the legislation of Georgia, to commission another entity to develop a development plan/detailed development plan or a part thereof and/or to prepare other documents related thereto.

2. If no general plan exists for a territory, the decision of the executive body of the relevant municipality on the development of a development plan/detailed development plan shall be agreed with the Sakrebulo of the same municipality.

3. At each stage of the public administrative proceedings related to a development plan/detailed development plan, an information board shall additionally be placed in a place visible to the public, which shall contain, at a minimum, information on the boundaries of the territory to be planned, the period for receiving opinions and assessments from interested persons, and the approximate timeframes for approval of the plan.

4. A development plan is considered and approved in 2 interdependent but, from the standpoint of administrative proceedings, independent stages:

a) Stage I − consideration and approval of the concept of the development plan;

b) Stage II − consideration and approval of the development plan.

5. Stage I begins after the development of the concept of the development plan. At this point, on the basis of pre-design studies, the concept of the development plan shall be considered and approved. The concept of the development plan shall reflect the main goals and objectives of urban planning, as well as the ways of achieving and resolving them.

6. The concept of the development plan shall be submitted by the relevant municipality to the Agency for the purpose of obtaining a conclusion. Documents reflecting the positions of other interested ministries/bodies shall be attached to this concept. The Agency shall ensure the preparation of the relevant conclusion on the basis of the comments and opinions of other interested ministries/bodies and its own, and its submission to the municipality.

7. The concept of the development plan shall be approved by the Sakrebulo of the relevant municipality, and in the case provided for by Article 36 of this Code − by the Agency.

8. Stage II begins after the development of the draft development plan on the basis of the approved concept of the development plan, for the purpose of its consideration and approval.

9. The final draft development plan shall be submitted by the relevant municipality to the Agency for the purpose of obtaining a conclusion. Documents reflecting the positions of other interested ministries/bodies shall be attached to this draft. The Agency shall ensure the preparation of the relevant conclusion on the basis of the comments and opinions of other interested ministries/bodies and its own, and its submission to the municipality.

10. The development plan shall be approved by the Sakrebulo of the relevant municipality, and in the case provided for by Article 36 of this Code − by the Agency.

11. An amendment to the development plan shall be made by decision of the municipal council (in the case provided for by Article 36 of this Code – by decision of the Agency), on the initiative of the municipal council (in the case provided for by Article 36 of this Code – on the initiative of the Agency) or on the basis of an application by any person.

12. In the case of making a non-essential amendment to the development plan, Stage I provided for by this Article shall not be carried out.

13. Information on the commencement of the elaboration of the development plan (including information on the precise boundaries of the planning area) shall be published by the authorised administrative body no later than 1 month before the commencement of administrative proceedings.

14. If the purpose of the development plan is the intensive development of a populated area, Stage I provided for by this Article shall not be carried out.

15. Administrative proceedings related to the consideration and approval of a detailed development plan shall be limited to the consideration and approval of the draft detailed development plan. In this case, Stage I provided for by this Article shall not be carried out.

16. The final draft detailed development plan shall be submitted by the relevant municipality to the Agency for an opinion (except for administrative proceedings related to the consideration and approval of a detailed development plan of a settlement where a hierarchically superior urban planning plan is in force). This draft shall be accompanied by documents reflecting the positions of other interested ministries/agencies. The Agency shall ensure the preparation of the relevant opinion on the basis of the comments and opinions of other interested ministries/agencies and its own, and its submission to the municipality.

17. Information on the commencement of the elaboration of the detailed development plan shall be placed by the person on an information board in a place visible to the public adjacent to the project area, no later than 2 weeks before the commencement of administrative proceedings.

18. The detailed development plan shall be approved by the council of the relevant municipality, and in the case provided for by Article 36 of this Code – by the Agency.

19. An amendment to the detailed development plan shall be made by decision of the municipal council (in the case provided for by Article 36 of this Code – by decision of the Agency), on the initiative of the municipal council (in the case provided for by Article 36 of this Code – on the initiative of the Agency) or on the basis of an application by any person.

20. Administrative proceedings related to the consideration and approval of a development plan/detailed development plan for the territory provided for by Article 36 of this Code shall be carried out by the Agency in accordance with the procedure established by this Article (except for paragraphs 2, 6, 9 and 16 of this Article).

21. The procedure for the elaboration of a development plan/detailed development plan shall be determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 26 April 2022 No. 1516 – website, 13.05.2022.

Law of Georgia of 3 May 2023 No. 2818 – website, 19.05.2023.

Law of Georgia of 3 September 2025 No. 952 – website, 05.09.2025.

Article 43¹. Rule for submitting an application and adopting a decision on the elaboration of a detailed development plan and/or on making amendments thereto🔗

1. An application on the elaboration of a detailed development plan and/or on making amendments thereto shall be submitted to the body with planning authority; administrative proceedings shall be conducted and a decision shall be adopted in accordance with the rule established by Article 101¹ of this Code.

2. Under paragraph 1 of this Article, administrative proceedings shall be conducted using automated means of administration. All decisions adopted in the course of the said administrative proceedings shall be published publicly on the relevant portal.

Law of Georgia of 3 September 2025 No. 952 – website, 05.09.2025.

Article 44. Mandatory nature of the general plan🔗

Where a general plan exists, the development plan/detailed development plan shall take into account the requirements established by the general plan.

Article 45. Principle of functional zoning🔗

1. Functional zoning is the division of a territory into functional zones by urban planning documentation. Functional zoning determines construction territories, non-construction territories and the conditions for their use and development.

2. Functional zoning shall be carried out in such a way as to promote the development of types of mixed use in a populated area.

3. The change, for a land plot, of the functional zone determined by an effective urban planning plan shall be made on the basis of an amendment to the same plan.

4. For a land plot that is not within the area of operation of an urban planning plan, the function designated for construction purposes may be established only on the basis of the rules provided for by Articles 67, 68 and 103 of this Code.

Article 46. Main provisions🔗

1. The use and development of territories shall be based on the principle of functional zoning, which shall be interpreted in accordance with Article 45 of this Code.

2. The task of the main provisions is to create legal grounds for urban planning plans and, together with these plans, to establish the conditions for the use of a land plot for construction.

3. The main provisions establish:

a) requirements for construction territories, functional zones and functional subzones;

b) development parameters of a land plot in accordance with functional zones and functional subzones and the rules for their calculation;

c) types of development, the rule for determining the areas designated for development on a land plot;

d) regulations for boundary zones and the rules for calculation;

e) the list of types of permitted use in functional subzones;

f) non-construction territories and the list of types of buildings and structures permissible on these territories.

4. The draft main provisions elaborated by the Agency shall be submitted by the Ministry to the Government of Georgia for approval.

Law of Georgia of 26 April 2022 No. 1516 – website, 13.05.2022.

Article 47. Administrative contract related to urban planning issues🔗

1. The body authorized to plan may, for the purpose of exercising its own authority, conclude an administrative contract with another subject (for example, a contract on the elaboration of an urban planning plan, implementation of urban planning measures, construction of infrastructure and/or its improvement).

2. It is possible for natural persons and legal entities of private law to initiate the elaboration of a detailed plan for the development of a separate territory and its implementation with private funding. In the case of a positive decision by the authorized body, a corresponding contract is concluded between this body and the initiator.

3. When concluding a contract defined by the first paragraph of this article, relations related to state procurement and competition are regulated by the legislation of the relevant field.

[ 3. When concluding a contract defined by the first paragraph of this article, relations related to public procurement and competition are regulated by the legislation of the relevant field. (shall enter into force from January 1, 2027)]

4. When concluding a contract provided for by the first paragraph of this article, the deadline for the performance of the corresponding assignment is determined. In the case of a detailed development plan, this deadline shall not exceed 12 months. In the case of a substantiated request, the said deadline may be extended by no more than 12 months.

Law of Georgia of 9 February 2023 No. 2577 – website, 27 February 2023.

Law of Georgia of 5 September 2024 No. 4426 – website, 23 September 2024.

Law of Georgia of 3 September 2025 No. 952 – website, 5 September 2025.

Article 48. Temporary restriction on the issuance of construction permit during the process of elaboration of an urban planning plan🔗

1. If an urban planning plan is in the process of elaboration, the body issuing construction permits may, on the basis of a substantiated refusal, suspend the administrative proceedings related to the issuance of a construction permit. The duration of the said restriction shall not exceed 12 months. If the urban planning plan is approved before the expiry of this period, the administrative proceedings shall be resumed from the date of approval of the plan.

2. The duration of the restriction established by the first paragraph of this article may be extended by no more than 3 months.

3. If, after the expiry of the period established by the first paragraph and/or the second paragraph of this article, the procedure for issuing a construction permit has not been resumed, the applicant for the permit has the right to demand compensation for damage. The amount of damage shall be determined in accordance with the procedure established by Article 49 of this Code.

4. The executive body of the relevant municipality, in agreement with the Government of Georgia, or the Government of Georgia has the right, in order to achieve the goals defined by the first paragraph of Article 36 of this Code, to declare a restriction on the development of territories for a reasonable period.

Article 49. Compensation for damage caused by amending and/or repealing the urban development plan🔗

1. The owner of an immovable thing or his/her lawful user shall have the right to claim compensation for direct damage caused to him/her by the authorized body's amendment to the detailed development plan or repeal of this plan. In this case, the amount of damage shall be calculated according to the financial expenses incurred by the owner of the immovable thing or his/her lawful user in the course of carrying out construction activity/design activity and which directly resulted from the said plan. The amount of damage may be determined on the basis of an agreement reached between the owner of the immovable thing and/or his/her lawful user and the authorized administrative body. In case of disagreement, the owner of the immovable thing or his/her lawful user may apply to court.

2. The right to claim defined by paragraph 1 of this article shall no longer exist if 5 years have passed since the amendment to the detailed development plan or the repeal of this plan.

Article 50. Right of the State and Municipality to Preferential Purchase for Essential Public Need🔗

1. The State and/or municipality has the right of preferential purchase of a land plot and a building or structure permanently attached thereto for an essential public need in the event of its alienation by the owner, if the land plot is located:

a) within the area of operation of the urban planning plan and, according to this plan, the land plot must be used for the construction of public-purpose or defence facilities, for the implementation of urban planning measures or for settlement development;

b) within the historical development protection zone and if the buildings or structures located in the said area do not comply with the requirements established for this zone.

2. The right of preferential purchase of the State and municipality is subject to registration in the Registry of Rights to Immovable Things in accordance with the procedure established by the Law of Georgia "On the Public Registry".

3. The authorised administrative body must issue a reasoned legal act for the exercise of the right of preferential purchase. This act shall be submitted to the National Agency of Public Registry for registration of the right of preferential purchase.

4. For the purposes of this Code, the right of preferential purchase means the right of the State and municipality to acquire property from the owner at the price and on the same terms on which the owner intends to sell this property to a third party.

5. The owner shall offer his/her property to the State and/or municipality at the price and on the same terms on which he/she intends to sell this property to a third party. In the event of a change in the price and/or terms agreed with the third party, the owner shall offer the State and/or municipality to acquire the property by exercising the right of preferential purchase at the changed price and/or terms.

6. The State and/or municipality shall, within 10 days, notify the owner in writing of the decision on the exercise of the right of preferential purchase. Failure to respond within this period shall be considered a refusal to exercise the right of preferential purchase.

7. A contract between the owner and the State and/or municipality shall be concluded within 5 working days from the response by the State and/or municipality.

Article 51. Rotation of Land Plots🔗

1. The need for rotation of land plots may arise from the following measures necessary for the implementation of a development plan/detailed development plan:

a) arrangement or expansion of internal transport roads and/or an engineering and communication network;

b) construction of another infrastructure facility;

c) rational change of the configuration of land plots.

2. Rotation of land plots implies the acquisition by the municipality of the right of ownership over the land plot necessary for the implementation of the measures defined by paragraph 1 of this Article, by transferring to the owner, in exchange, ownership of an equal-value land plot, or, in the case of rotation of a land plot of unequal value, also by giving appropriate monetary compensation or transferring other property. During rotation of land plots, the consent of the owner of the land plot is required.

3. As a result of rotation of land plots, the value of the land plot to be transferred to the owner shall, as a rule, not be less than the value of the land plot in his/her ownership. The value of the land plot shall be determined on the basis of an audit (expert) report. The costs related to the preparation of this report, as well as of the cadastral map/maps of the land plot, shall be reimbursed by the Mayor's Office of the relevant municipality.

4. If the value of the property to be transferred to a private owner is less than the value of the property in his/her ownership, the relevant municipality shall compensate the owner for the difference between the property values by transferring a monetary amount and/or other property.

5. If the initiator of the rotation of land plots is a private owner and the value of the property to be transferred to him/her exceeds the value of the property to be transferred to the municipality, the municipality shall be compensated for the difference between the property values by transferring a monetary amount and/or other property.

6. Rotation of land plots may be carried out through administrative proceedings conducted in parallel with the administrative proceedings related to urban planning measures, if there is a draft development plan developed on the basis of Article 63 of this Code.

Article 52. Administrative proceedings in connection with the rotation of land plots🔗

1. Administrative proceedings on the need for the rotation of land plots may be initiated on the initiative of the executive body of the municipality or on the basis of an application by a private owner who is the initiator of the rotation.

2. The decision on the need for the rotation of a land plot shall be taken by the Mayor's Office of the respective municipality on the basis of the consent of the Sakrebulo of the same municipality.

3. Where necessary, the decision defined by paragraph 2 of this article may be taken on the basis of a land plot rotation plan. This plan shall cover the area of rotation of land plots, the boundaries of the land plots subject to rotation, the value of the land plots, a new cadastral map and information on the owners and monetary compensation.

4. Within 2 months from the adoption of the respective decision on the need for the rotation of land plots, an administrative contract on the rotation of land plots shall be concluded between the municipality and the owner.

5. On the initiative of the Government of the Municipality of the City of Tbilisi, instead of carrying out the rotation of land plots, the property exchange procedure provided for by the Organic Law of Georgia "Local Self-Government Code" may be applied.

Article 53. Provision of the territories of settlements with public infrastructure🔗

1. In order to fulfil the requirements established by urban planning plans, the municipality shall be responsible, within the scope of the competence determined by the legislation of Georgia, for providing the territories of settlements with public transport infrastructure and drainage networks.

2. The owner/user of a land plot shall be entitled to apply to the Mayor's Office of the municipality with an initiative to provide, at his/her own funding, the local-importance public transport infrastructure and drainage networks of the settlements. If the Mayor's Office of the municipality adopts a positive decision, an administrative contract shall be concluded with the interested person.

3. Taking into account the densities determined on the basis of urban planning plans, persons authorised in the field of providing the territories of settlements with public transport infrastructure and drainage networks shall be obliged to plan networks of the respective throughput capacity and to implement these plans consistently.

Article 54. Implementation of urban planning measures in a populated area and in a cultural heritage protection zone🔗

1. Issues related to the implementation of urban planning measures in a populated area shall be regulated in accordance with the rules established by this Chapter.

2. In the case of a cultural heritage protection zone and a cultural heritage monument, in addition to the requirements established by this Chapter for the implementation of urban planning measures, the requirements established by the legislation of the relevant field shall apply.

Article 55. Purpose of urban development measures🔗

1. Urban development measures shall serve public interests and shall create opportunities for development by improving the environmental, social, cultural, economic and hygienic condition of individual parts of the country.

2. The necessity of implementing urban development measures is determined in accordance with the degree of degradation of existing development, the housing and working conditions of the population and the level of decline in the functional capacity of settlements.

Article 56. Rule for implementing urban development measures🔗

1. The executive body of a municipality, a legal entity founded by a municipality or a person holding the relevant permit shall have the right to implement an urban development measure.

2. The consent of the apartment owners' association of a multi-apartment building located within the area of an urban development measure or of the owner of an individual house for carrying out works within the framework of the said measure is not required, if these are minor reconstruction works (change of facade, repair of roof, reinforcement of balcony and others) and during their carrying out the main parameters of the building/structure and/or of the space in private ownership are not changed.

3. Development and/or rehabilitation of a multi-apartment building located within the area of an urban development measure by the person implementing the urban development measure shall be carried out with the consent of that member/members of the apartment owners' association whose property in individual ownership exceeds half of the total area of the property in individual ownership, while development and/or rehabilitation of an individual house shall be carried out with the consent of the owner of the individual house. The said consent may be expressed by a contract concluded between the owner and the person implementing the urban development measure.

4. Improvement of immovable property located within the area of an urban development measure may be financed from the funds of the State Budget of Georgia, the municipal budget, the person implementing the urban development measure, the owner of the immovable property and/or a third person.

5. If as a result of the urban development measure the total area of the building increases by 5 per cent or by more than 5 per cent, the increased area is isolated and its independent functioning is possible, the increased area shall be registered in the public registry as the ownership of the person implementing the urban development measure and/or the owner of the immovable property, in proportion to the expenses incurred by the owner for financing the increase of the area. The ownership right of the person implementing the urban development measure shall be registered in the public registry without the consent of the apartment owners' association and/or the owners.

6. If in a multi-apartment building the increased area is less than 5 per cent of the total area of the building and/or the increased area is not isolated and its independent functioning is impossible, the added area shall be the property of the condominium owners' association, while in the case of an individual house the added area shall be the property of the owner of the individual house. When developing immovable property located within the area of an urban development measure, the area of the building shall be at least equal to the area of the building existing before the development, and the value of the building shall exceed the value of the building existing before the development. In order to ensure this, the person implementing the urban development measure shall, before the development of the immovable property located within the area of the urban development measure, assess the area and value of the building and submit the relevant conclusion to the owner, and also, after the completion of the urban development measure, assess the area and value of the building and submit the relevant conclusion to the owner.

7. If immovable property located within the area of an urban development measure is in an emergency condition and is not subject to reinforcement, which is confirmed by a relevant expert opinion according to which its existence poses a threat to human health and/or life, the dismantling of such building shall be carried out without the consent of the owner of the building. In this case, the person implementing the urban development measure shall, before the dismantling of the building is carried out, transfer to the owner in exchange at least property of equal value to it or an amount of fair and full compensation, or, if a new building of the same function has been built on the same site, − transfer in the new building an area at least equal to the area that was in his ownership in the old building. If, during the construction of the new building, the total area of the building increases by more than 5 per cent, in such a way that the increased area is isolated and its independent functioning is possible, the added area shall be registered in the Public Registry as the property of the person implementing the urban development measure and/or of the owner of the immovable property, and shall be transferred into his ownership in proportion to the expenses incurred by him for financing the increase of the area. The ownership right of the person implementing the urban development measure shall be registered in the Public Registry without the consent of the condominium owners' association and/or the owners.

8. Damage caused to the owner as a result of an urban development measure implemented in accordance with this Article shall be compensated by the person implementing the urban development measure.

9. The person implementing the urban development measure is entitled to obtain a construction permit for any immovable property located within the area of the urban development measure.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Article 57. Informing an Interested Person about an Urban Development Measure🔗

1. Information about an urban development measure shall be provided in advance, no later than 2 weeks before the implementation of this measure, to all interested owners and/or users of immovable property. The interested person shall be informed by placing an information board in the vicinity of the project territory, in a place visible to the public, as well as through the official website of the city hall of the relevant municipality, and, if necessary, also through the mass media.

2. Any interested person has the right, in accordance with the procedure established by Article 118 of the General Administrative Code of Georgia, to submit his/her opinion to the relevant municipality on urban development measures.

Article 58. Preparatory Studies🔗

1. Before a decision is made on urban development measures, the executive body of the municipality shall conduct preparatory studies, on the basis of which the need for the implementation of these measures, as well as their social, economic and environmental aspects, shall be determined.

2. The preparatory studies defined by paragraph 1 of this article shall not be conducted if relevant information for the current period already exists in this territory.

Article 59. Decision on Urban Development Measures🔗

In compliance with the requirements established by Articles 55, 57 and 58 of this Code, the Sakrebulo of the relevant municipality, upon the submission of the executive body of the same municipality, approves the plan of urban development measures. This plan shall determine the goals and scope of the said measures, and may also include social, economic, environmental, cultural heritage protection, construction, infrastructural and other similar aspects aimed at reducing and eliminating the expected negative consequences.

Article 60. Temporary restriction on the issuance of a construction permit in the area of urban development measures🔗

1. During the course of urban development measures, the body authorised to issue a construction permit in the area of these measures may, on the basis of a reasoned refusal, suspend the administrative proceedings initiated for the issuance of a construction permit. The term of the said restriction shall not exceed 12 months.

2. The term of the restriction established by paragraph 1 of this Article may be extended by no more than 3 months.

3. If, after the expiry of the term established by paragraph 1 and/or paragraph 2 of this Article, the procedure for the issuance of a construction permit has not been resumed, the applicant for the construction permit shall be entitled to claim compensation for damage.

4. The amount of damage shall be calculated according to the financial expenditure incurred by the applicant for the construction permit in carrying out construction activities/design activities and which directly resulted from the relevant development plan/detailed development plan.

5. The amount of damage may be determined on the basis of an agreement reached between the authorised administrative body and the applicant for the construction permit, or by an independent expert/auditor jointly selected by them. The costs of the said expert/auditor shall be reimbursed by the applicant for the construction permit.

Article 61. Development of a detailed development plan for the area of urban development measures🔗

In case of need, on the basis of a decision adopted in accordance with Article 59 of this Code, the executive body of the municipality shall ensure the development of a draft detailed development plan.

Article 62. Person responsible for the implementation of the detailed development plan🔗

The relevant municipality shall be responsible for the fulfilment of the requirements established by the detailed development plan developed for the area of urban development measures.

Article 63. Rule for the development of a detailed development plan for the area of urban development measures🔗

Relations concerning the participation of the interested public and administrative bodies in the development of the detailed development plan defined by Article 61 of this Code shall be regulated in accordance with the rule established by Article 43 of this Code.

Article 64. Objectives of this Chapter🔗

1. The objectives of this Chapter are:

a) establishing the basic conditions for the use of a land plot for construction and for development and facilitating the establishment of best practice in construction activities;

b) establishing the conditions for the development, by way of exception, of a land plot located in a non-construction territory.

2. In the use of a land plot for construction and in development, human life, health, public safety and order shall be protected.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26 December 2019.

Article 65. Main Basis for the Regulation of Development of a Land Plot🔗

1. The main basis for the regulation of development of a land plot is the detailed development plan, in accordance with Article 66 of this Code.

2. Other cases not covered by paragraph 1 of this Article shall be regulated in accordance with Articles 67 and 68 of this Code and the Basic Provisions.

3. If the development plan/detailed development plan establishes a change of the functional zone, on the basis of which it is possible to change the designation of an agricultural land plot to a non-agricultural land plot, the interested person has the right to apply to the relevant authorized body regarding the registration of the change of the targeted designation of the land plot.

4. As a result of the approval of the development plan/detailed development plan defined by paragraph 3 of this Article, an application submitted by the interested person to the relevant authorized body regarding the change of the targeted designation of the land plot shall be the basis for the change of the targeted designation of the land plot by the National Agency of Public Registry.

Article 66. Land Plot Located within the Area of Operation of the Detailed Development Plan🔗

1. On a land plot located within the area of operation of the detailed development plan, construction shall be permitted in accordance with this plan.

2. The detailed development plan is the main basis for issuing a construction permit.

Article 67. Land Plot Located in the Established Development System🔗

1. On a land plot located in the established development system and to which the detailed development plan does not apply, a construction permit may be issued on the basis of the requirements of the current urban planning plan (if any) and the Basic Provisions, if it, in terms of the type of use, development parameters, type of development and placement of buildings and structures on the land plot, corresponds to the existing development environment and does not contradict neighborhood interests.

2. The conditions for the use of a land plot for construction in the established development system shall be determined in accordance with the rules established by Articles 103 and 104 of this Code and the Basic Provisions.

3. On an agricultural land plot in private ownership, the construction of an individual residential house shall be permitted in accordance with the functional zone/functional subzone and/or the existing development environment. Construction on such a land plot shall also be permitted in accordance with Article 68 of this Code.

Article 68. Land plot located outside the established development system🔗

On a land plot that is located outside the established development system and to which a detailed development plan does not apply, a construction permit may be issued only for the construction of a building/structure conditioned by the function of the relevant territory (except for the construction of a building/structure containing a residential function or defined by the main provisions), on the basis of the requirements of the current spatial planning, the urban development plan (if any) and the main provisions, if this does not contradict public interests.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Article 69. Determination of a land plot and/or building/structure unsuitable for construction development purposes🔗

1. A land plot and/or building/structure that does not comply with the type of permitted use under the development plan and/or the main provisions, the development parameters, the rules for placing a building/structure on a land plot, the parameters of the land plot area, or is located in a non-construction territory, is unsuitable for construction development purposes. Non-compliance is determined in each specific case, in relation to a specific construction development purpose.

2. An interested person has the right to apply to the authorised body with an application regarding the determination of compliance/non-compliance of a land plot and/or building/structure for the purposes of further construction development. The authorised body shall, within 5 working days, provide the applicant with information on the said matter.

3. If the information provided for by paragraph 2 of this Article has not been issued before the submission of an application on construction notification, the compliance/non-compliance of the land plot and/or building/structure is determined at the stage of consideration of the application on construction notification or at the I stage of issuing a construction permit, and in the case provided for by paragraph 1 of Article 102 of this Code − at the stage of consideration of the detailed development plan.

4. Further development of an unsuitable land plot and building/structure (new construction, reconstruction that causes a change in the parameters of the structure, adaptation, division of a land plot/merger of land plots) shall take place subject to the reduction or elimination of the non-compliance.

5. If a land plot and/or building/structure is simultaneously located within a cultural heritage protection zone, in the area of protected territories, forest, water fund or subsoil fund lands, or another regime applies to it, the conditions for its use for construction shall also take into account the requirements established for that zone and/or regime.

6. In a cultural heritage protection zone, a detailed development plan may establish individual indicators for the aspects provided for by paragraph 1 of this Article.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Law of Georgia of 22 May 2020 No. 5967 – website, 28.05.2020.

Article 70. Division of a construction land plot and/or consolidation of construction land plots🔗

In the case of division of a construction land plot/consolidation of construction land plots on which a building/structure is located, the requirements established by Articles 66–69 and 72 of this Code shall also be taken into account.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Article 71. Establishment of a necessary road and servitude on a land plot🔗

1. On a land plot in the ownership of the State and/or a municipality, a necessary road and/or servitude may be established on the basis of an administrative-legal act of an authorised body, if this is conditioned by State, public or private interests. The National Agency of Public Registry shall register a servitude on this land plot on the basis of the above-mentioned administrative-legal act.

2. Relations connected with the establishment of a necessary road and servitude on a land plot in private ownership shall be regulated in accordance with the Civil Code of Georgia.

3. If the factual circumstances on the basis of which the rights defined by paragraph 1 of this Article were established have been eliminated, the relevant administrative body shall revoke the act referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article.

Article 72. Provision of a land plot with infrastructure🔗

1. In a city, except for a cultural heritage protection zone, new construction on a land plot and/or such reconstruction of a building/structure located on a land plot as increases the existing parameters of the building/structure shall be permitted only if it is/will be duly provided with an access motor road, including through the use of a servitude.

2. In a cultural heritage protection zone, the provision of a land plot with infrastructure shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the relevant legislation.

3. The provision of a building/structure with electricity, natural gas, water supply, sewerage and drainage networks, communication lines and transport infrastructure shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.

4. In the case of the issuance of a construction permit, the body issuing the construction permit shall, within 10 working days, send the information defined by subparagraphs "a" and "b" of paragraph 3 of Article 103 of this Code to the companies owning the electricity distribution network, the natural gas distribution network, the water supply distribution network (where they exist) and to the owner of the drainage network (where the body issuing the construction permit and the owner of the drainage network are different persons). This paragraph shall not apply to a municipality where the procedure for issuing a construction permit in electronic form is established.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Article 73. Regulation of the provision of a land plot and a building with electricity, natural gas, water and sewerage🔗

At the request of an interested person, the provision of a land plot and a building with electricity, natural gas, water and sewerage shall be carried out by the owner of the respective network in accordance with the rules determined by the resolutions of the Georgian National Energy and Water Supply Regulating Commission "On approval of the rules for the supply and consumption of electricity (capacity)", "On approval of the rules for the supply and consumption of natural gas" and "On approval of the rules for the supply and consumption of drinking water".

Article 74. Regulation of the boundary zone on a land plot🔗

1. The purpose of regulating the boundary zone on a land plot is the protection of the requirements regarding insolation, natural lighting, ventilation, fire safety, evacuation and greening of the territory.

2. The boundary zone is of two types:

a) public boundary zone;

b) neighbourhood boundary zone.

3. Protection of the neighbourhood boundary zone is not necessary if, under the development plan and/or the detailed development plan, as well as on the basis of the legislation of Georgia, the placement of a building on the boundary of the land plot is mandatory or permitted.

4. Boundary zones shall be regulated by the main provisions. The main provisions shall include:

a) the relation of the boundary zones to each other and the rule for calculating the distance of a building;

b) the rule for determining the parameters (including height) of a building in relation to the boundary zone;

c) the rule for the intrusion of parts of a building into the boundary zone;

d) the rule for the placement of an auxiliary building in the boundary zone.

Article 75. Preservation of the places necessary for water permeability on a land plot🔗

1. When issuing a construction permit, the municipality shall be obliged to establish requirements that ensure the preservation on the land plot of the free places in the soil necessary for water permeability, taking into account the area established by the minimum greening coefficient.

2. The greening coefficient of a land plot determines the minimum share of the area of the land plot territory which must not be covered or overlaid with water-impermeable material, beneath which there must be no building and/or parts thereof, and which is intended for water permeability and greening.

3. The preservation of the free places determined by the first paragraph of this article also implies such surfacing of the land surface as to make it possible for water to be passed by the soil (water permeability).

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Article 76. Arrangement of a parking lot on a land plot🔗

Issues related to the arrangement of a parking lot on a land plot shall be regulated in accordance with the main provisions. Exceptions and/or additional conditions shall be established by a legal act of the Sakrebulo of the respective municipality.

Article 77. General rule for fencing a land plot🔗

1. A land plot shall be fenced (except for fencing with a temporary fence of a construction site) in such a way as to ensure the maintenance of illumination, ventilation, the aesthetics of the appearance of the settlement and the protection of other public interests.

2. The conditions for fencing a land plot established by the main provisions shall be based on the principles defined by paragraph 1 of this article.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Article 78. Technical regulations and standards related to the main requirements for buildings and structures🔗

1. The main requirements for buildings and structures are established by this Code, technical regulations and standards.

2. When developing the relevant technical regulation related to the requirements established by this Chapter, the Government of Georgia shall take into account the European standards developed by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) on the design, construction and operation of buildings and structures − Eurocodes, and, where necessary, also other international construction regulations and standards.

3. When developing the regulations and standards defined by this article, the best international practice shall also be taken into account.

4. In the case of a cultural heritage monument, when developing the regulations and standards defined by this article, the requirements established by the legislation of the relevant field shall also be taken into account.

Article 79. General requirements for buildings and structures🔗

1. A building or structure, during its operation, shall correspond to the function defined for it by the construction document (if such a document exists), as well as to the requirements of protection of human health, environmental safety, security and amenity.

2. A building or structure shall be designed and built in such a way as to ensure its maximum durability.

3. During the reconstruction of a building or structure built before 3 June 2019, the requirements established by this Chapter shall be observed to the maximum extent.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Article 80. Regulation of the architectural parameters and aesthetic characteristics of a building/structure🔗

1. The architectural parameters and aesthetic characteristics of a building/structure shall be determined by an urban development plan and/or a legal act of the municipal council, the purpose of which is the formation/maintenance of high aesthetic value development and the raising of the quality of life. The rule and conditions for determining the aesthetic characteristics of a building/structure provided for by this Article shall be determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

2. The architectural parameters and aesthetic characteristics of a building/structure may be determined both for the entire territory of a municipality and for its parts.

3. Non-compliance with the parameters and characteristics determined by paragraph 1 of this Article may become grounds for refusal to issue a construction permit if these parameters and characteristics were determined before the submission of the permit application for obtaining a construction permit.

4. In individual areas determined by a decision of the municipal council and/or in respect of an individual building/structure that has high urban value and/or in respect of the architectural-aesthetic solution of which there exists a high public interest, the architectural sketch/architectural project of new construction or substantial reconstruction of a building/structure shall be selected by way of an open competition.

5. If an open competition is announced for the architectural sketch/architectural project of new construction or substantial reconstruction of a building/structure, the announcer of the competition may establish new and/or detailed requirements in respect of the parameters and characteristics determined by paragraph 1 of this Article.

6. A project selected (winning) by way of an open competition constitutes a preliminary decision on the issuance of a construction permit. In the process of issuing a construction permit and/or carrying out construction works, only non-substantial changes may be made to this project.

7. The rule for holding the competition determined by this Article shall be determined by a legal act of the Government of Georgia.

8. The aesthetic aspect of a building/structure shall not contradict the established principles founded by valuable development and at the same time shall respond to modern requirements. Areas of high urban value and appropriate aesthetic parameters shall be regulated on the basis of a legal act of the municipal council.

9. (Removed - 20.12.2019, No. 5693).

10. (Removed - 20.12.2019, No. 5693).

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Law of Georgia of 3 September 2025 No. 952 – website, 05.09.2025.

Article 81. Structural strength, stability and reliability of a building🔗

A building shall be designed and constructed in such a way that, under the ultimate design load during its operation:

a) individual parts of the building, their joints, and the foundation of the building do not undergo fracture and retain strength;

b) the building retains stability/equilibrium, and its deformation does not exceed the permissible limit;

c) the load-bearing structures and engineering systems of the building are reliable and, throughout the entire period of its operation, especially during seismic impact, meet the requirements established by the relevant technical regulations.

Article 82. Fire safety protection🔗

A building shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the procedure established by Georgian legislation in such a way that, in the event of a fire:

a) the building retains strength and stability;

b) the spread of fire and/or smoke from one part of the building to other parts is minimized;

c) the spread of fire to adjacent buildings is minimized;

d) safe evacuation of people is possible, as well as extinguishing of the fire by fire-rescue units, and rescue of people and property.

Article 83. Protection of hygiene, health and the environment🔗

A building shall be designed and constructed in such a way that during its operation the requirements for insolation of the building (if any) and the interests of residents in the building, neighbours and employees are protected in order to ensure the protection of their health and natural lighting.

Article 84. Ensuring safety during the operation of a building🔗

1. A building shall be designed and constructed in such a way that during its operation it does not create a danger to human life and health. Particular attention shall be paid to damage to electrical wiring, falling of construction materials and products, collision, explosion, falling down and other issues.

2. When designing and constructing a building, civil safety engineering and technical measures shall also be taken into account, the purpose of which is to protect the population from emergency situations, reduce expected losses and destruction, and create the necessary conditions for facilitating rescue and other urgent works.

Article 85. Ensuring the possibility of use of a building and public space by persons with disabilities🔗

1. A building (except an individual dwelling) shall be designed and constructed in such a way that the conditions established by Georgian legislation for persons with disabilities are observed.

2. The requirement established by paragraph 1 of this article shall also apply to the land plot assigned to the building defined by the same paragraph, as well as to public space (park, garden, boulevard, square, street, sidewalk and others).

Article 86. Ensuring protection from noise🔗

A building/structure shall be designed and constructed so that sound insulation norms (if any) are observed and, in accordance with the noise norms in force in Georgia, the use of the property for its designated purpose by its users and/or persons located near it, and appropriate conditions for their rest and work, are ensured.

Article 87. Energy efficiency of a building🔗

Maximum energy efficiency of a building shall be ensured in the development by its rational placement, correct orientation relative to the sides of the horizon, selection based on thermal engineering calculations of enclosing structures and parameters, proper thermal insulation of enclosing structures, consideration of sun-protection elements based on insolation calculation, and use of heating, air-conditioning, lighting, ventilation and/or other modern energy-saving equipment and units.

Article 88. Use of renewable energy in a building/structure🔗

1. When designing and constructing a building/structure, the possibility of using renewable energy shall be taken into account.

2. The use of renewable energy in a building/structure may include the following technical means:

a) passive use of solar energy;

b) active use of solar energy (solar-powered water heating units, combined hot water supply systems, solar photovoltaic cells);

c) use of wind energy;

d) geothermal heating/cooling and hot water supply systems;

e) other systems that provide the possibility of efficient use of renewable energy.

Article 89. Requirements for construction material🔗

1. Construction material, in case of reasonable use and observance of the validity period, shall not pose a threat to human safety and health.

2. The basic requirements for construction material are established by technical regulation. When developing it, the requirements established by this Chapter, as well as the characteristics determining the classes of buildings/structures, shall be taken into account.

3. Placing of construction material on the market is carried out in accordance with the legislation of Georgia.

Article 90. Assessment of conformity of construction material🔗

Assessment of conformity of construction material is carried out in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Code of Product Safety and Free Movement.

Article 91. Information on the quality of construction material🔗

Provision to the consumer of information on the quality of construction material is carried out in accordance with Article 12 of the Code of Product Safety and Free Movement.

Article 92. Placement of a building or structure in a functional sub-zone designated for construction🔗

1. In a functional sub-zone designated for construction, the construction of a building or structure that corresponds to the type of use permitted in this sub-zone shall be permissible.

2. The construction of a building or structure corresponding to the type of use permitted in the functional sub-zone under the main provisions may not be permitted if this building or structure, by its location, volume and functional purpose, is contrary to the specific character of this sub-zone and/or the principle of protection of neighbourhood interests.

3. The maximum coefficient of land plot development and/or land plot development intensity may be exceeded only in the cases provided for by paragraph 5 of Article 41 of this Code.

4. During the implementation of a large infrastructure project, the requirements established by Articles 66-69 of this Code shall not apply. In this case, in the process of issuing a construction permit, the participation of the relevant municipality shall be ensured, and the spatial planning and urban planning plans of this municipality (if any) shall be taken into account in compliance with the principle of coordination of interests.

Article 93. Legal grounds for carrying out the construction of a building/structure🔗

1. The legal ground for carrying out the construction of a building/structure is a construction notice or a construction permit, except for the cases provided for by paragraphs 3 and 6 of this Article.

2. When carrying out construction works that are not subject to the obligation to obtain a construction notice or a construction permit, the requirements established by the relevant legislation shall be observed.

3. Making a minor change in a building/structure and/or in the construction documentation defined by the legislation of Georgia does not require a construction notice or a construction permit. Making such a change in a building/structure and/or in the construction documentation defined by the legislation of Georgia as exceeds the limits permissible for a minor change requires the re-obtaining of the legal grounds defined by this Article. The characteristics and parameters of the minor change the making of which does not require a construction permit or a construction notice shall be determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

4. Construction that is subject to a notice but was commenced without it is unauthorized construction. Construction carried out in violation of a construction notice that exceeds the characteristics of the class of building/structure defined for the notice obligation shall also be considered unauthorized construction.

5. In the case of extreme necessity (a natural, technogenic and/or other force majeure situation), an authorized state or municipal body may carry out construction activity before obtaining a construction permit. In this case, the said body, when carrying out the construction activity or after its completion, shall apply to the administrative body issuing the construction permit with a substantiated application regarding the issuance of the construction permit. The issue of proceedings under the simplified procedure related to the issuance of a construction permit shall be regulated by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

6. Works to be performed for the purpose of remedying a construction offence on the basis of an instruction/assignment of the administrative body exercising public supervision of construction or of a court judgment do not require a construction notice or a construction permit. In this case, the requirements established by technical regulations shall be observed.

7. The issue of issuing a construction permit under the simplified procedure in free industrial, economic-tourist zones shall be regulated by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26 December 2019.

Article 94. Construction of a building/structure subject to the obligation to give a construction notice or to obtain a construction permit🔗

1. The construction of a Class I building/structure, except for cases provided for by this Code, is subject to a simple construction notice.

2. The construction of a Class II–IV building/structure, except for cases provided for by this Code, is subject to the obligation to obtain a construction permit.

3. For the construction of a Class II building/structure within the administrative boundaries of a municipality or part thereof, the Municipal Council of that municipality has the right, instead of the obligation to obtain a construction permit, to establish the obligation of a detailed construction notice.

4. For the construction of a Class I building/structure within the administrative boundaries of a municipality or part thereof, the Municipal Council of that municipality has the right, instead of the obligation of a simple construction notice, to establish the obligation of a detailed construction notice or the obligation to obtain a construction permit.

Article 95. General rule for construction notice🔗

1. The list of documentation attached to a simple construction notice and a detailed construction notice, its content and the procedure for construction approval shall be determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

2. If the construction provided for by the construction notice does not comply with the requirements established by the legislation of Georgia, the relevant administrative body shall be obliged to adopt a negative decision.

3. If no response to the construction notice is given within the established period, the applicant is entitled to start the construction provided for by the construction notice. After expiry of the established period, upon request of the applicant for a construction permit, the relevant administrative body shall be obliged to issue written consent within 3 working days from the request.

4. In the case provided for by paragraph 3 of this Article, the construction provided for by the construction notice shall be carried out in accordance with the submitted documentation and the applicable technical regulations. The submitted documentation shall comply with the legislation of Georgia.

5. The applicant for a construction permit is entitled, instead of a simple construction notice or a detailed construction notice, to request the obtaining of a construction permit. In this case, the applicant for a construction permit shall be obliged to submit to the relevant administrative body the documentation defined by paragraph 1 of Article 106 of this Code.

6. The validity period of a construction notice is 1 year from the delivery of this notice.

Article 96. Classes of buildings/structures🔗

1. Buildings/structures are divided into 5 classes from the standpoint of protection of human health, environmental protection, as well as issuance of a construction permit and commissioning:

a) Class I building/structure − a building/structure characterized by insignificant risk;

b) Class II building/structure − a building/structure characterized by low risk;

c) Class III building/structure − a building/structure characterized by medium risk;

d) Class IV building/structure − a building/structure characterized by high risk;

e) Class V building/structure − a building/structure involving increased technical hazard.

2. The assignment of a building/structure to a class shall be made according to the functional purpose and parameters of the building/structure to be constructed or demolished.

3. When carrying out reconstruction, if the class of the building/structure increases or decreases, the assignment of the building/structure to a class shall be made according to the final characteristics and parameters provided for by the permit documentation.

4. If a building/structure or a group of buildings/structures has characteristics and parameters determining different classes, the assignment of this building/structure or group of buildings/structures to a class shall be made according to the highest characteristics and parameters.

5. For the purposes of paragraph 4 of this Article, a group of buildings/structures means buildings/structures for the construction of which the permit conditions are determined by a single construction permit act.

6. The characteristics determining the classes of buildings/structures and the types of construction shall be determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26 December 2019.

Article 97. Applicant for a construction permit and holder of a construction permit🔗

1. An applicant for a construction permit is a person who plans the construction of a Class I−IV building/structure and wishes to carry out a construction notification or to obtain a construction permit.

2. A holder of a construction permit is a person who holds the right to carry out the construction of a Class I−IV building/structure. In the event of a change of the holder of a construction permit, information on this shall be provided to the administrative body issuing the construction permit. In this case, the corresponding amendment shall be made to the construction permit.

3. At the final stage of the issuance of a construction permit, the applicant for a construction permit/holder of a construction permit may be the owner or user of a land plot or of a building/structure located or to be constructed thereon or of a part thereof, or a person authorized by him/them, who has an interest in the construction development of the object.

4. If construction is planned on a land plot or building/structure held in the private ownership or common ownership of another person, the applicant for a construction permit shall additionally submit the consent of the respective owner/co-owner.

5. In the case of construction planned in public space, the applicant for a construction permit may be an interested person if there is the consent of the administrative body having the right to plan/dispose of the public space for the carrying out of the construction.

6. On a street, square, bridge, pavement, in a tunnel and in a passage between land plots, the construction of a building/structure (except a building/structure of special state importance) shall be inadmissible, while in a park, garden, public garden and other similar space, the construction of such a building/structure as does not have public or state importance of common use shall be inadmissible.

7. In connection with the establishment of the conditions for the use of a land plot for construction or the approval of an architectural project, the applicant for a construction permit may be any interested person. The approval of an architectural project on a land plot does not exclude the approval of another architectural project on the same land plot. Matters related to the establishment of the conditions for the use of a land plot for construction and to the approval of an architectural project shall be regulated by a legal act of the Government of Georgia.

8. The applicant for a construction permit shall be obliged to commission the design of a building/structure from a person participating in construction activity who has the appropriate qualification, if the criteria of such qualification are precisely defined by the legislation of Georgia.

9. The holder of a construction permit shall be obliged to ensure that the construction of a building/structure is carried out by a person participating in construction activity who has the appropriate qualification, if the criteria of such qualification are precisely defined by the legislation of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Article 98. Person Authorized to Draw Up Permit Documentation🔗

1. Any person shall have the right to prepare the documentation attached to a construction notification for the construction of a Class I building/structure. This person shall be obliged to ensure the preparation of the documentation attached to the construction notification in accordance with the requirements of Georgian legislation.

2. The right to develop an architectural sketch/architectural project, a structural and/or technological scheme and/or a part thereof for a Class II, III, IV building/structure shall be vested, respectively, in the architect and the structural engineer.

3. The person authorized to draw up permit documentation shall be responsible for the compliance of the document drawn up by him/her with technical regulations.

4. Relations related to copyright and neighbouring rights in architectural and structural projects shall be governed in accordance with Georgian legislation.

Article 99. Person Authorized to Conduct Expert Assessment of Permit Documentation🔗

1. The expert assessment of permit documentation shall be carried out by an accredited inspection body and/or a certified expert in the cases provided for by Georgian legislation and in the established manner.

2. The accredited inspection body and the certified expert shall be persons with appropriate insurance whose competence is confirmed by the relevant authorized body.

3. The accredited inspection body and/or the certified expert shall issue the relevant expert opinion and, if necessary, a recommendation necessary to minimize the risks related to construction/design activities.

4. The accredited inspection body and the certified expert shall be vested with the authority to conduct expert activities in accordance with the procedure established by Georgian legislation.

5. The accredited inspection body and the certified expert shall be responsible for the competence and correctness of the opinions issued by them.

6. The applicant for a construction permit shall be obliged to reimburse the accredited inspection body and the certified expert the amount determined for expert services even if the expert opinion is negative.

Article 100. Body Issuing a Construction Permit🔗

The administrative body authorized to approve a construction notification or issue a construction permit shall be the executive body of the relevant municipality or a Legal Entity of Public Law founded by the municipality.

Law of Georgia No. 5693 of 20 December 2019 – website, 26.12.2019.

Article 101. Stages of issuing a construction permit🔗

1. A construction permit shall be issued in two stages, except for the case provided for by Article 108 of this Code (three-stage proceedings):

a) Stage I − approval of the conditions for use of the land plot for construction;

b) Stage II – issuance of the construction permit.

2. At each stage of issuing a construction permit, independent administrative proceedings shall be conducted.

3. If the precondition defined by paragraph 1 of Article 102 of this Code does not exist, the applicant for a construction permit may, only within the conditions defined by the individual administrative-legal act issued at Stage I of issuing the construction permit, request the initiation of the administrative proceedings established for the subsequent stage.

Article 101¹. Rule for submitting an application and adopting a decision on a construction permit/construction notification🔗

1. The executive body of the municipality shall, when conducting administrative proceedings related to a construction permit and for the purpose of issuing this permit, use only software and automatic management means.

2. The executive body of the municipality shall confirm the submission of an electronic application on any stage related to a construction permit by registering this application on the electronic portal and assigning a registration number to it.

3. The application submitted in accordance with paragraph 2 of this Article and the attached documentation shall be automatically reflected on the cadastral map, in an identified form on the immovable thing (cadastral unit), and shall be published publicly.

4. A construction permit/construction notification (a decision on any stage related to a construction permit) shall be issued using automatic management means and shall be published publicly on the relevant portal.

Law of Georgia of 3 September 2025 No. 952– website, 05.09.2025.

Article 102. Special Rule for the Issuance of a Construction Permit🔗

1. For a land plot to which a detailed development plan applies, the passing of Stage I of the issuance of a construction permit provided for by this Code is not required. In this case, the conditions for the use of the land plot for construction shall be determined by the detailed development plan.

2. If the detailed development plan provided for by paragraph 1 of this Article does not exist, the administrative proceedings established for Stage I of the issuance of a construction permit shall be conducted.

3. An applicant for a construction permit is entitled, before the issuance of the construction permit, to request approval of the architectural project in accordance with the procedure established by Article 108 of this Code (three-stage proceedings).

4. When using architectural projects of Class II, III and IV buildings and structures on another territory (except the territory of the cultural heritage protection zone), if it does not contradict the character of the established development, a construction permit may be issued under the simplified administrative proceedings procedure, on the basis of the conditions for the use of the land plot for construction, which shall not exceed 10 working days. On the basis of an additional geological report and a foundation project, if necessary, the relevant amendment shall be made to the construction documentation.

Article 103. Grounds for issuing the conditions for the use of a land plot for construction purposes and their main content🔗

1. The conditions for the use of a land plot for construction purposes shall be issued in the cases provided for by Articles 67 and 68 of this Code.

2. The conditions for the use of a land plot for construction purposes shall reflect the requirements established by the legislation of Georgia for the development of permit documentation.

3. The conditions for the use of a land plot for construction purposes shall include:

a) an extract from the public register and cadastral data on the land plot;

b) the main requirements for the construction development of the land plot and/or building(s):

b.a) the type of use;

b.b) the main parameters of development;

b.c) the type of development;

b.d) the conditions for the placement of building(s) on the land plot (including the development boundaries and/or the mandatory development lines) and for determining the maximum height, and, where necessary, also the number of storeys;

b.e) the functional purpose;

b.f) information on the planned landscaping, describing the proposed landscaping project (except for individual residential houses);

b.g) an expert opinion on the description and qualitative assessment of the green plant(s) existing on the land plot and a topographic plan indicating the green plants according to the numbers assigned by the expert opinion (except for the functional zone in which the minimum landscaping coefficient is not determined);

c) other requirements established by the legislation of Georgia.

4. The matters defined by paragraph 3 of this Article shall be regulated by a legal act of the Government of Georgia.

5. The conditions for the use of a land plot for construction purposes may require the repair/reconstruction of existing main infrastructure networks and transport lines, if the planned construction causes their expansion and/or damage.

6. The requirement defined by paragraph 5 of this Article shall be reflected in the construction permit conditions, in connection with the implementation of which the rules established by Articles 72 and 73 of this Code shall apply.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26 December 2019.

Law of Georgia of 5 April 2023 No. 2738 – website, 18 April 2023.

Article 104. Administrative proceedings related to the approval of the conditions for use of a land plot for construction purposes🔗

1. The administrative body issuing the construction permit shall adopt a decision on the approval of the conditions for use of the land plot for construction purposes in accordance with the administrative proceedings procedure established by Chapter VI of the General Administrative Code of Georgia.

2. The decision on the approval of the conditions for use of the land plot for construction purposes, except for the case provided for by Article 109 of this Code, shall be adopted within 10 working days from the receipt of the application.

3. The applicant for a construction permit shall submit an application to the administrative body issuing the construction permit. This application shall meet the requirements established by Article 78 of the General Administrative Code of Georgia.

4. All documents required by the legislation of Georgia shall be attached to the submitted application.

5. The rules provided for by Article 83 of the General Administrative Code of Georgia shall apply for determining the compliance of the submitted application and the attached documentation with the list defined by the legislation of Georgia and for identifying defects.

6. If, in order to establish circumstances of substantial importance to the case, a period longer than that defined for administrative proceedings by paragraph 2 of this Article is necessary, the administrative body issuing the construction permit shall be entitled, before the expiry of that period, to adopt a reasoned decision on the extension of the administrative proceedings period by not more than 3 months.

7. If the decision was not adopted within the period established by the legislation of Georgia, the conditions for use of the land plot requested in the application shall be considered approved, taking into account the norms established by the legislation of Georgia for the relevant facility. After the expiry of the established period, upon the request of the permit applicant, the administrative body shall be obliged to issue the conditions for use of the land plot for construction purposes immediately upon request, but not later than 3 working days, if they meet the requirements established by the legislation of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Article 105. Validity period of the conditions for use of a land plot for construction purposes🔗

The validity period of the conditions for use of a land plot for construction purposes is 3 years from their approval until the commencement of Stage II of the permit proceedings.

Article 106. Documents attached to a construction permit application submitted for obtaining a construction permit🔗

1. A construction permit application shall include:

a) information on ownership of the land plot and the building/structure (if any);

b) an administrative-legal act on approval of the conditions for use of the land plot for construction, or information on the detailed development plan;

c) results of the pre-design study;

d) architectural project;

e) construction organisation project;

f) preliminary decision (if any);

g) engineering-geological study, structural scheme/project, and, where necessary, also a technological scheme/project;

h) in cases provided by the legislation of Georgia — the conclusion of an accredited inspection body and/or a certified expert on the architectural project, engineering-geological study, structural scheme/project, and, where necessary, also the technological scheme/project;

i) a document confirming payment of the construction permit fee;

j) photographs showing the information board;

k) a landscaping project (where a detailed development plan exists — the landscaping project agreed within the framework of that plan), which must necessarily indicate the area determined by the minimum landscaping coefficient, the species and characteristics of the green plants to be planted (including age, circumference, height), the completion date of the landscaping project, the person responsible for the maintenance of the planted green plants, and also the image of the landscaping project must be presented in the form of a photomontage (except for individual residential houses and architectural projects of those buildings/structures whose approval is required in the functional zone of the land plot in which the minimum landscaping coefficient is not determined);

l) photographs showing an additional information board, on which information is indicated on the development of the area determined by the minimum landscaping coefficient on the construction site, and on the main aspects and parameters of the landscaping project.

2. Requirements for the documents determined by paragraph 1 of this Article shall be determined by a legal act of the Government of Georgia.

3. The documents determined by subparagraph "b" of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not be required if the planned construction does not cause a change in the main parameters of the development and the type of use of the existing building/structure. In this case, the requirements established by Article 85 of this Code shall be taken into account.

4. In the case of a three-stage process, in addition to the documents determined by paragraph 1 of this Article, an individual administrative-legal act on approval of the architectural project, adopted on the basis of Article 108 of this Code, shall additionally be submitted. In the said case, the documents determined by subparagraphs "b", "c", "f" and "h" of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not be required.

5. If obtaining a construction permit is related to such construction the activity envisaged by which is also subject to the implementation of the procedures defined by the Environmental Assessment Code, the applicant for the construction permit shall, for the purpose of obtaining the relevant decision, apply to the Legal Entity of Public Law within the system of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture of Georgia − the National Environmental Agency. In this case, the applicant for the construction permit shall, in addition to the permit documentation defined by this Article, also submit the said decision to the administrative body issuing the construction permit.

6. The permit application shall also indicate information as to which technical regulation and/or standard was used in drawing up the permit documentation.

7. The detailed list and content of the documentation to be submitted in order to obtain a construction permit for the construction of a building or structure of class II−IV shall be determined by a legal act of the Government of Georgia.

8. (removed – 03.09.2025, No. 952).

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Law of Georgia of 17 March 2022 No. 1447 – website, 24.03.2022.

Law of Georgia of 5 April 2023 No. 2738 – website, 18.04.2023.

Law of Georgia of 3 September 2025 No. 952 – website, 05.09.2025.

Article 107. Administrative proceedings related to the issuance of a construction permit🔗

1. A construction permit shall be issued through the simplified administrative proceedings established by Chapter VI of the General Administrative Code of Georgia.

2. For determining the compliance of the submitted application and the attached documentation with the list defined by the legislation of Georgia and for identifying defects, the rules provided for by Article 83 of the General Administrative Code of Georgia shall apply.

3. The administrative body issuing the construction permit shall, except for the case provided for by Article 109 of this Code, be obliged to adopt a decision on the issuance of a construction permit or on refusal to issue a construction permit within 20 working days. In the case of three-stage proceedings, the decision on the issuance of a construction permit or on refusal to issue a construction permit shall be adopted within 5 working days.

4. If, in order to establish circumstances of substantial importance to the case, a period longer than that determined for administrative proceedings by paragraph 3 of this Article is necessary, the administrative body issuing the construction permit shall be entitled, before the expiry of that period, to adopt a reasoned decision on the extension of the administrative proceedings period by not more than 20 working days, and in the case of a cultural heritage protection zone − by not more than 30 working days.

5. The expert opinion shall contain the method of conducting the expert examination and the remarks, as well as, in the case of a positive expert opinion, its substantiation. The final expert opinion shall be unambiguously positive or negative. In the case of a negative expert opinion, the administrative body issuing the construction permit shall be obliged to adopt a decision on refusal to issue a construction permit.

6. In the case of a reasonable doubt arising with respect to a positive expert opinion, the administrative body issuing the construction permit shall be entitled to apply for clarification to the body/person conducting the expert examination or to an alternative body/person. In the case of an incorrect expert opinion, the question of the expert's liability shall be raised in accordance with the relevant contract and the legislation of Georgia.

7. If, within the period established by the legislation of Georgia, no positive or negative decision related to the issuance of a construction permit has been adopted, the construction permit shall be deemed issued.

8. The municipal council shall be entitled to establish the rules and the amount of the fee for the service of accelerated issuance of a construction permit.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Article 108. Administrative proceedings related to approval of an architectural project🔗

1. The administrative body issuing the construction permit shall adopt a decision on approval of the architectural project through the simplified administrative proceedings established by Chapter VI of the General Administrative Code of Georgia.

2. To approve the architectural project, the applicant for the construction permit shall submit an application to the administrative body issuing the construction permit. This application must meet the requirements established by Article 78 of the General Administrative Code of Georgia. This application shall be accompanied by:

a) the architectural project;

b) the documents defined by subparagraphs "b", "c", "f", "h", "k" and "l" of paragraph 1 and paragraph 5 of Article 106 of this Code.

3. The decision on approval of the architectural project, except for the case provided by Article 109 of this Code, shall be adopted within 17 working days.

4. For determining compliance of the submitted application and attached documentation with the list defined by Georgian legislation and identifying defects, the rules provided by Article 83 of the General Administrative Code of Georgia shall apply.

5. If within the period established by paragraph 3 of this Article no decision on approval of the architectural project has been adopted, the architectural project shall be considered approved.

6. The validity term of the approved architectural project is 5 years from its approval until the commencement of Stage III of the permit proceedings.

Law of Georgia of 5 April 2023 No. 2738 – website, 18.04.2023.

Article 109. Participation of another administrative body in administrative proceedings related to issuance of a construction permit🔗

1. Within the period established by Article 84 of the General Administrative Code of Georgia, in administrative proceedings related to approval of the conditions for use of a land plot for construction and/or approval of an architectural project (including two-stage proceedings), the administrative body issuing the construction permit may, if necessary, involve another administrative body.

2. Another administrative body shall adopt a decision on the issue raised in relation to approval of the conditions for use of a land plot for construction no later than 20 working days from submission of the respective application and shall submit this decision to the administrative body issuing the construction permit. The period defined by this Article shall not be included in the period established by paragraph 2 of Article 104 of this Code.

3. Another administrative body shall, within 10 working days, examine compliance of the architectural project with the conditions for use of the land plot for construction and prepare the respective conclusion, which shall be submitted to the administrative body issuing the construction permit. This period shall not be included in the periods defined by paragraph 3 of Article 107 and paragraph 3 of Article 108 of this Code.

Article 110. Participation of an interested person in administrative proceedings related to the issuance of a construction permit🔗

1. In order to provide the interested person with timely information on the commencement of the individual stages of the issuance of a construction permit, an information board shall be placed on the side of the zone of the public boundary of the construction territory 3 calendar days before the commencement of the administrative proceedings.

1¹. Within 10 days from the issuance of the permit in the established manner, the permit holder shall place, next to the existing information board, another, additional information board, which shall indicate information on the development of the area determined by the minimum greening coefficient on the construction site, on the main aspects and parameters of the greening project (except for individual residential houses and architectural projects of those buildings and structures whose approval is required in the functional zone of the land plot in which the minimum greening coefficient is not determined), namely:

a) the area determined by the minimum greening coefficient;

b) the date of approval of the greening project;

c) the species and characteristics of the green plants to be planted (including age, circumference, height);

d) the date of completion of the greening project;

e) information on the person responsible for the maintenance of the planted green plants;

f) the duration of maintenance of the planted green plants;

g) a model or/and an image of the approved greening project in the form of a photo montage.

2. An interested person whose lawful interest is directly and immediately affected by the planned construction shall be involved in the administrative proceedings in accordance with the procedure established by Article 95 of the General Administrative Code of Georgia.

3. The administrative body shall be obliged to give the interested person the opportunity, within a reasonable time, to review the permit application submitted for obtaining a construction permit and the documentation attached thereto.

4. The interested person shall have the right, in accordance with the requirements established by Article 98 of the General Administrative Code of Georgia, to submit evidence, as well as motions requesting the examination of the circumstances of the case.

Law of Georgia of 5 April 2023 No. 2738 – website, 18.04.2023.

Article 111. Entry into force and duration of validity of a construction permit🔗

1. A construction permit shall be issued for a reasonable period determined by the construction organisation project.

2. A construction permit shall enter into force from the moment of delivery/acknowledgement to the applicant of the notification on the issuance of the construction permit.

3. The notification on the issuance of a construction permit shall be sent by insured letter, through the official website or by technical means (telephone or/and e-mail).

4. The administrative body issuing the construction permit shall itself decide by which means to send the applicant the notification on the issuance of the construction permit.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Article 112. New construction permit, issuance of a construction permit in case of unauthorised construction, amendment to a construction permit🔗

1. If the validity term of the construction permit has expired and the construction is not completed and/or the requirements of the construction documentation are violated, the holder of the construction permit shall apply to the administrative body issuing the construction permit with an application for the issuance of a new construction permit.

2. If unauthorised construction has been carried out which complies with the requirements established by the legislation of Georgia, the administrative body issuing the construction permit is entitled, on the basis of an application of an interested person, to consider the issue of issuing a construction permit.

3. The application defined by paragraph 1 of this Article shall be accompanied by the construction schedule necessary for carrying out the remaining works, information on the reasonable term requested for completing the construction, in the case of violation of the requirements of the construction documentation − a receipt confirming payment of the relevant fine, a new document (receipt) confirming payment of the fee paid for obtaining the construction permit, in the case of the need to amend the architectural project − also the corrected architectural project. In this case, the administrative body issuing the construction permit shall issue the construction permit in accordance with the procedure established by this Code.

4. In the case provided for by paragraph 2 of this Article, the applicant shall submit a receipt confirming payment of the relevant fine, an expert opinion on the compliance of the carried out construction with the technical regulations and the measurement drawings of the existing building or the architectural project.

5. An amendment to a construction permit is possible if the person requests the extension of the validity term of the construction permit and no such construction works have been carried out on the construction site which require a new construction permit.

6. In the case provided for by paragraph 5 of this Article, the holder of the construction permit shall, before the expiry of the validity term of the construction permit, submit to the administrative body issuing the construction permit a request for the extension of the validity term of the construction permit. This request shall be accompanied by the construction schedule necessary for carrying out the remaining works and information on the reasonable term requested for completing the construction in accordance with this schedule. In this case, the relevant amendment shall be made to the construction permit.

7. The issue of making such an amendment to the construction documentation which does not require a new construction permit, as well as issues related to the issuance of a construction permit, shall be regulated by a legal act of the Government of Georgia.

Note:

1. If, in a cultural heritage protection zone existing within the administrative boundaries of Tbilisi City Municipality, the validity period of a construction permit/permit for works/rehabilitation on an immovable monument of cultural heritage has expired during the carrying out of construction or works/rehabilitation on an immovable monument of cultural heritage, and the construction/rehabilitation has not been completed and/or the requirements of the construction documentation have been violated, or unauthorized construction has been carried out which complies with the requirements established by the legislation of Georgia, the administrative body exercising public supervision of construction shall, before initiating proceedings in a construction offence case, set the offender a 90-day period for obtaining the relevant consent/permit or for remedying this violation. This period may be extended by no more than 1 month if, during this period, the offender submitted a relevant application to the administrative body issuing the construction permit and the said body has not adopted a decision.

2. In the case provided for by the first paragraph of this Note, when submitting an application for the relevant consent/permit to the administrative body issuing the construction permit, the document confirming payment of the relevant fine (receipt) provided for by paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article shall not be required.

3. The first and second paragraphs of this Note shall apply to the construction of a new building or to construction carried out for the purpose of increasing the dimensions of an existing building, if the increased area of the new building or the increased area during construction carried out for the purpose of increasing the dimensions of an existing building does not exceed 10 square metres.

Law of Georgia of 13 June 2024 No. 4279 – website, 27.06.2024.

Article 113. Preliminary decision🔗

1. A preliminary decision is the approval, by the administrative body issuing the construction permit, on the basis of an administrative-legal act, of an architectural sketch (construction concept) prepared in connection with the construction of a planned building or part thereof.

2. A person has a legitimate expectation in respect of a preliminary decision, unless there are grounds provided for by paragraph 2 of Article 9 of the General Administrative Code of Georgia.

Article 114. Submission of an application for a preliminary decision🔗

1. Any person has the right to request a preliminary decision.

2. An application for a preliminary decision and the attached documentation must be so detailed as to create the actual possibility of adopting a decision. The list of the said documentation shall be determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

Article 115. Term of validity of a preliminary decision, procedure for making a preliminary decision🔗

1. The term of validity of a preliminary decision is 5 years from the making of this decision.

2. The procedure for making a preliminary decision is determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

3. A preliminary decision shall not be issued if there are no conditions for the use of the land plot for construction or a detailed development plan.

Article 116. Inadmissibility of suspension of the validity of a construction permit and exceptional rule🔗

1. The validity of the right to carry out construction obtained on the basis of a construction permit or a construction notification (an individual administrative-legal act) shall not be suspended due to the filing of an administrative complaint or an appeal to a court.

2. The authorised administrative body or court may, at the request of an interested party, suspend the validity of an individual administrative-legal act or part thereof, if there is a reasoned doubt as to the lawfulness of the appealed act or if the urgent enforcement of this act causes substantial damage to the interested party or makes it impossible to protect the lawful right or interest of the said party.

3. In the case provided for by paragraph 2 of this Article, the body making the decision shall determine a reasonable term for suspension of the validity of the appealed act.

Article 117. Types of construction supervision🔗

1. The types of construction supervision are:

a) public supervision of construction;

b) technical supervision of construction;

c) construction safety supervision.

2. Public supervision of construction shall be carried out by the municipality. Technical supervision of construction shall be carried out by an accredited inspection body and/or a certified expert (in projects carried out by the Tbilisi City Municipality − also by a legal entity founded by the Tbilisi City Municipality), while construction safety supervision shall be carried out by a person with the relevant competence established by the legislation of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Article 118. Public supervision of construction🔗

1. Public supervision of construction is supervision of the fulfilment of construction/permit conditions, construction safety, commissioning of a building/structure and the fulfilment of other requirements established by the legislation of Georgia, as well as the detection of and appropriate response to unauthorised construction or construction carried out in violation of the legislation of Georgia.

2. The administrative body exercising public supervision of construction is the person determined by the representative body of the municipality.

3. When the person exercising technical supervision of construction carries out technical supervision of construction, the administrative body exercising public supervision of construction shall carry out public supervision of construction:

a) on a selective basis;

b) based on risk analysis;

c) on the basis of a complaint of an interested person and/or an application of an accredited inspection body/certified expert.

4. The administrative body exercising public supervision of construction shall be obliged to carry out, annually, public supervision of not less than 10% of the total number of buildings/structures of classes III and IV for the construction of which construction permits were issued in the previous year.

5. The administrative body exercising public supervision of construction is entitled to enter the construction site without hindrance and inspect it, as well as to require from the persons responsible for construction the relevant documentation related to the construction site, including documents confirming compliance with the requirements established by technical regulations.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Article 119. Technical supervision of construction🔗

1. Technical supervision of construction shall be carried out by an accredited inspection body and/or a certified expert. An accredited inspection body is a person defined by the Code of Product Safety and Free Movement, which carries out construction supervision in accordance with the procedure established by this Code and other legislative and subordinate normative acts of Georgia. A certified expert is a person defined by the legislation of Georgia who, on the basis of the relevant certificate, carries out construction supervision in accordance with the procedure established by this Code and other legislative and subordinate normative acts of Georgia.

1¹. Technical supervision of construction on projects implemented by the Tbilisi City Municipality shall also be carried out by a legal entity founded by the Tbilisi City Municipality.

2. An accredited inspection body or a certified expert shall be entitled to carry out technical supervision only in such activity for which it is accredited or certified.

3. Carrying out technical supervision implies control by the holder of the construction permit over the fulfilment, in the course of construction, of the requirements established by the construction documentation.

4. The holder of a construction permit for class I and II buildings shall be entitled, and the holder of a construction permit for class III and IV buildings shall be obliged, to order the inspection of the construction site from an accredited inspection body and/or a certified expert on the basis of the relevant contract. The accredited inspection body or certified expert shall be obliged to notify the public construction supervision body thereof.

5. If, in the course of construction of a class I and/or class II building, the holder of the construction permit does not appoint a technical supervisor of construction, he/she shall himself/herself be responsible for the fulfilment, in the course of construction, of the requirements established by the construction documentation.

6. The person carrying out technical supervision of construction shall be responsible for the correctness of the work carried out by him/her and for the veracity of the information reflected by him/her. The person carrying out technical supervision of construction shall be obliged to keep documentation reflecting the construction process. The procedure for keeping this documentation shall be determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

7. The accredited inspection body or certified expert shall be obliged to:

a) have the relevant professional liability insurance in order to obtain the authority to carry out inspection of a construction site;

b) submit the relevant documentation on the completion of individual stages of construction to the relevant public construction supervision body;

c) bear full liability for damage caused to the holder of the construction permit through its fault;

d) bear liability, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, for the correctness of the documentation drawn up by it.

8. Issues of inspection of a construction site by an accredited inspection body and a certified expert and of insurance of their liability shall be regulated by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

Note: The obligation to submit the milestone protocol provided for by subparagraph „b“ of paragraph 7 of this Article shall not apply to the construction of an individual residential house.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Law of Georgia of 2 November 2021 No. 964 – website, 05.11.2021.

Article 120. Verification of the compliance of documentation submitted to the construction public supervision body with the construction/permit conditions🔗

1. Within 15 working days from the submission by an accredited inspection body and/or a certified expert of a positive conclusion on the completion of individual stages of construction (except for a linear structure, and in the case of a linear structure — within 5 working days), the construction public supervision body is entitled to verify on site the compliance of the documentation reflecting the relevant stage of construction with the construction/permit conditions. After the expiry of this period, the said stage of construction shall be deemed completed.

2. If the construction public supervision body finds a defect in the submitted conclusion or a non-compliance of the documentation reflecting the construction stage with the construction/permit conditions, this stage shall not be deemed completed. The reason(s) for the non-completion of the construction stage shall be notified in writing to the holder of the construction permit within the period defined by paragraph 1 of this Article. In this case, the construction public supervision body shall set a reasonable period for the holder of the construction permit for the purpose of eliminating the defect or ensuring the compliance of the documentation reflecting the construction stage with the construction/permit conditions. Failure to eliminate the defect within this period shall be considered a violation of the permit conditions.

3. At the final stage of construction, the completion of this stage and the acceptance of the building/structure into operation may be carried out on the basis of 1 application, within 10 working days from the request of the holder of the construction permit, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of Georgia.

4. In the case of the construction of a Class II individual residential house, the holder of the construction permit is entitled, and in the case of the construction of Class III and IV individual residential houses, the holder of the construction permit is obliged, for the purpose of recognition of the building/structure as fit for acceptance into operation, to submit to the authorised body an assessment of an accredited inspection body and/or a certified expert on the compliance of the construction works carried out with the permit conditions. If, in the course of the construction of a Class II individual residential house, the holder of the construction permit does not appoint a technical supervisor of construction, he/she shall himself/herself be responsible for submitting to the authorised body, for the purpose of recognition of the Class II individual residential house as fit for acceptance into operation, an assessment on the compliance of the construction works carried out with the permit conditions.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019

Law of Georgia of 2 November 2021 No. 964 – website, 05.11.2021

Article 121. Supervision of construction safety🔗

1. In the process of construction of Class III and IV buildings, the holder of construction permits or the person carrying out the construction shall appoint a person responsible for construction safety. If, in the process of construction of Class I and II buildings, the holder of construction permits does not appoint a construction safety supervisor, he/she shall himself/herself carry out the supervision of construction safety.

2. The person responsible for construction safety is a person of relevant competence established by the legislation of Georgia, who permanently checks compliance with safety rules and norms in the construction process by the specialists employed in construction and, in the event of their violation, notifies the public construction supervision body thereof, which takes the measures established by the legislation of Georgia.

3. In the construction process, the use of all technical means required by the safety rules and norms in the construction process is mandatory.

Article 122. Concept of construction offence and construction offender🔗

1. A construction offence is an act provided for by Chapter XV of this Code, the administrative proceedings related to the consideration of the case of which are carried out in accordance with the procedure established by this Chapter.

2. For the purposes of Chapters XIV and XV of this Code, a construction offender may be:

a) the holder of a construction permit;

b) the person carrying out unauthorised construction;

c) the owner or user of a building and/or construction land plot − if the person carrying out the construction cannot be identified;

d) in the case of unauthorised construction, if the land plot is the property of the State and/or a municipality, − the person carrying out the unauthorised construction, and if this person cannot be identified − the user of the land plot;

e) an owner whose building's degree of dilapidation poses a direct threat to human life and/or health, except for a building having the status of a cultural/architectural monument, the reconstruction and/or dismantling of which the owner has applied to the relevant body for and has been unable to obtain the required permit.

3. If the person who, on the basis of a Resolution, was tasked/would have been tasked with bringing unlawfully carried out construction into compliance with the legislation of Georgia, has died, the obligation to fulfil this task passes to the owner/user of the relevant building and/or construction land plot. In the event of reorganisation of a legal entity, the obligation to fulfil the said task passes to its legal successor (if any).

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Article 123. Administrative proceedings related to a construction offence🔗

1. Except for the cases provided for by paragraph 2 of this Article, the construction public supervision body shall initiate administrative proceedings against the offender by issuing a directive, which constitutes a remark issued to the offender in respect of the construction activity concerning non-compliance and a request, which determines a reasonable period within which he/she shall fulfil the conditions established by the directive in order to remedy the construction offence.

2. Administrative proceedings related to a construction offence shall be initiated by drawing up an inspection report:

a) in the presence of an offence provided for by Article 136 of this Code;

b) upon adoption of a resolution on the assessment of a penalty for the offence;

c) upon fining the offender with an amount three times the penalty amount;

d) in case of failure to submit the milestone protocol in accordance with the established procedure;

e) in case of failure to submit to the authorised body, within the established period, an application for acceptance into operation of the facility whose construction has been completed;

f) if the offender, on the basis of an application, acknowledges the offences existing at the construction facility and requests the taking of measures established by law;

g) in the presence of an offence provided for by paragraph 1 of Article 138 of this Code, if it is committed in a territory defined by the Forest Code of Georgia or the Law of Georgia "On Water", in a territory or zone of special regulation, in a cultural heritage protection zone and/or within the administrative boundaries of the Tbilisi Municipality.

[g) in the presence of an offence provided for by paragraph 1 of Article 138 of this Code, if it is committed in a territory defined by the Forest Code of Georgia or the Law of Georgia "On Water Resources Management", in a territory or zone of special regulation, in a cultural heritage protection zone and/or within the administrative boundaries of the Tbilisi Municipality.

(shall enter into force from 1 September 2026) ]

3. In the event of the commission of a construction offence, on the basis of a substantiated motion of the offender, the inspection report may be drawn up before the expiry of the period determined by the directive. This circumstance shall be noted in the inspection report.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Law of Georgia of 22 May 2020 No. 5967 – website, 28.05.2020.

Law of Georgia of 30 June 2023 No. 3436 – website, 20.07.2023.

Article 124. Issuance of an instruction for a construction offence and drawing up of an inspection report🔗

1. The body exercising public supervision of construction is entitled to issue an instruction:

a) on the submission of construction documentation and/or on the rectification of the violation;

b) on the prohibition of the use of construction materials, products and structures existing at the construction site, if they fail to meet the established requirements;

c) on the rectification of the violation of the rules established by the construction organisation project.

2. An instruction on the rectification of the violation shall be issued within a reasonable period.

3. After the expiry of the period determined by the instruction, the body exercising public supervision of construction shall, within a period of not more than 7 calendar days, verify the fulfilment of the instruction, draw up an inspection report and reflect in it information on the fulfilment or non-fulfilment of the instruction.

Article 125. Resolution on the imposition of a fine on a construction offender🔗

1. The construction public supervision authority shall, within 2 months from the drawing up of the inspection report, adopt a resolution in the case of a construction offence.

2. Where there is a reasoned basis, the time limit for adopting a resolution in the case of a construction offence may be extended by not more than 2 months.

2¹. The offender shall be notified in writing of the place, date and time of the hearing of the case and of the identity of the official hearing the said case, except in the case of a construction offence provided for by Article 138 of this Code.

3. In the case of a violation provided for by paragraph 1 of Article 138 of this Code, if it is committed in the territory defined by the Forest Code of Georgia or the Law of Georgia “On Water”, in a special regulation territory or zone, in a cultural heritage protection zone and/or within the administrative boundaries of the Tbilisi municipality, the construction public supervision authority shall, immediately upon the drawing up of the inspection report, forthwith adopt a resolution on the imposition of a fine.

[3. In the case of a violation provided for by paragraph 1 of Article 138 of this Code, if it is committed in the territory defined by the Forest Code of Georgia or the Law of Georgia “On Water Resources Management”, in a special regulation territory or zone, in a cultural heritage protection zone and/or within the administrative boundaries of the Tbilisi municipality, the construction public supervision authority shall, immediately upon the drawing up of the inspection report, forthwith adopt a resolution on the imposition of a fine.

( shall enter into force from 1 September 2026) ]

4. If a violation is recorded in the inspection report, the construction public supervision authority shall adopt a resolution on the imposition of a fine on the construction offender.

5. The construction public supervision authority shall adopt a resolution on the termination of the proceedings in the case of a construction offence if:

a) the instruction was complied with and the violations were remedied;

b) the administrative body issuing the construction permit has adopted a decision on the legalisation of the object;

c) there is no ground for adopting the resolution provided for by paragraph 4 of this Article or paragraph 2 of Article 127 of this Code;

d) the instruction was not complied with in due time, but the violation was remedied before the adoption of the resolution, except for a violation provided for by paragraph 1 of Article 138 of this Code, if it is committed in the territory defined by the Forest Code of Georgia or the Law of Georgia “On Water”, in a special regulation territory or zone, in a cultural heritage protection zone and/or within the administrative boundaries of the Tbilisi municipality.

[d) the instruction was not complied with in due time, but the violation was remedied before the adoption of the resolution, except for a violation provided for by paragraph 1 of Article 138 of this Code, if it is committed on the territory defined by the Forest Code of Georgia or the Law of Georgia “On Water Resources Management”, in a special regulation territory or zone, in a cultural heritage protection zone and/or within the administrative boundaries of the Tbilisi Municipality.

( shall enter into force from 1 September 2026) ]

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Law of Georgia of 22 May 2020 No. 5967 – website, 28.05.2020.

Law of Georgia of 30 June 2023 No. 3436 – website, 20.07.2023.

Article 126. Rule for the payment of a fine by a construction offender and the accrual of penalty interest to him🔗

1. A fine imposed for a construction offence shall be paid by the construction offender within 30 calendar days from the delivery of the resolution on the imposition of a fine on the construction offender. The amount of the fine shall be credited to the relevant budget in accordance with the procedure established by the Budget Code of Georgia.

2. In the event of non-payment of the fine (except for the triple-amount fine provided for by paragraph 3 of this Article) within the established period, after the expiry of the period provided for by paragraph 1 of this Article, penalty interest shall be accrued to the construction offender in the amount of the fine amount determined by the resolution on the imposition of a fine on the construction offender.

3. In the event of failure to eliminate the grounds for the imposition of the fine, every 3 months after its imposition, the construction offender shall be fined in the triple amount of the fine amount provided for by the initially imposed fine, which may be imposed on him not more than three times, except for the case provided for by paragraph 4 of Article 132¹ of this Code.

4. The resolution provided for by this Article shall be submitted for enforcement in accordance with the Law of Georgia “On Enforcement Proceedings”.

5. Payment of the fine shall not release the construction offender from the obligation to remedy the violation.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Law of Georgia of 5 February 2020 No. 5706 – website, 10.02.2020.

Article 127. Resolution on suspension of unauthorised construction or construction in progress in violation of permit conditions and/or on demolition of illegally carried out construction🔗

1. The public supervision body for construction is authorised to suspend, in whole or in part, ongoing construction if it is unauthorised construction or is proceeding in violation of permit conditions and its correction is impossible without suspension of the construction.

2. The public supervision body for construction is authorised to:

a) adopt a Resolution on complete or partial demolition of a building/structure built in violation of Georgian legislation;

b) without issuing an instruction, adopt a Resolution on demolition of unauthorised construction – if the person carrying out the unauthorised construction cannot be identified and the land plot is State and/or municipal property;

c) adopt a Resolution on demolition of unauthorised construction – if the person carrying out the unauthorised construction has been identified and the land plot is State or municipal property.

3. The public supervision body for construction is authorised to adopt, together with the Resolution provided for by paragraph 4 of Article 125 of this Code, the decisions provided for by paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article.

4. The Resolution provided for by paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall be adopted within the time limits determined by paragraphs 1–3 of Article 125 of this Code.

5. The Resolution of the public supervision body for construction on suspension of construction shall contain information on possible criminal liability in the event of non-suspension of the said construction.

Law of Georgia No. 2484 of 22 December 2022 – website, 29.12.2022.

Article 128. Rules for notification of a decision adopted by a superior administrative body based on an instruction, inspection report, resolution, notice and consideration of an administrative complaint, suspension of the running of the time period specified by the instruction, and appeal of a resolution🔗

1. Notification to the construction offender of an instruction, inspection report, resolution or notice shall be made officially, at the construction site. If the construction offender is not present at the construction site or refuses to be notified of the relevant act/acts, placement of the act/acts in a visible place at the construction site shall be deemed notification.

1¹. Notification to the construction offender of a decision adopted by a superior administrative body based on consideration of an administrative complaint submitted against a resolution shall be made officially, at the address indicated in the administrative complaint. If the construction offender is not present at the address indicated in the administrative complaint or refuses to be notified of the said decision, the following shall be deemed notification to the construction offender of this decision:

a) placement of the decision in a visible place at the construction site;

b) placement of the decision on the official website of the relevant municipality's city hall.

1². In the case provided for by subparagraph “a” of paragraph 1¹ of this Article, when placing in a visible place at the construction site a decision adopted by a superior administrative body based on consideration of an administrative complaint, the date of its placement shall be indicated on it, which shall be confirmed by drawing up a protocol by an authorized person.

1³. In the case provided for by paragraph 1¹ of this Article, only the title and operative part of a decision adopted by a superior administrative body based on consideration of an administrative complaint shall be placed in a visible place at the construction site and on the official website of the relevant municipality's city hall. When placing this information on the said website, the date of its placement shall be indicated. This information shall be retained for a reasonable period.

1⁴. If, in the case provided for by paragraph 1¹ of this Article, the construction offender is not present at the address indicated in the administrative complaint submitted against the resolution, or refuses to become acquainted with the relevant decision, for the purpose of making the decision adopted by the superior administrative body on the basis of the consideration of the administrative complaint known to the relevant person/persons, the appropriate body of the relevant municipality shall place the said decision both in a conspicuous place of the construction site and on the official website of the municipality's city hall. The decision adopted by the superior administrative body on the basis of the consideration of the administrative complaint shall be deemed to have been made known to the construction offender on the 7th day from the placement of this decision in a conspicuous place of the construction site or on the official website of the municipality's city hall. If the time of placement of the said decision in a conspicuous place of the construction site and the time of placement on the official website of the municipality's city hall do not coincide, the counting of the 7-day period for delivery of the decision shall begin from the later placement.

1⁵. If, in the case provided for by paragraph 1¹ of this Article, the administrative complaint submitted against the resolution indicates the telephone number and/or the email address of the author of the complaint, it is possible, by decision of the superior administrative body, to send to the relevant person/persons a short text message to the telephone number about the adoption of the relevant decision and/or to send the said decision by email. Sending the relevant information to the telephone number and/or by email in accordance with this paragraph shall not be deemed to constitute making the decision known.

2. For the purposes of paragraphs 1 and 1¹ of this Article, the following shall be considered a conspicuous place of the construction site:

a) an information board;

b) a building temporarily placed on the construction territory;

c) a safety fence enclosing the construction territory;

d) the facade of the construction site;

e) in the case of construction on a multi-apartment residential building − also the entrance door of the residential building.

3. A resolution adopted by the construction public supervision body may be appealed within 15 calendar days from becoming acquainted with it, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia. At the same time, appealing a resolution of the state supervision body over construction activity does not suspend its enforcement in the part concerning the suspension of construction or demolition.

4. Appealing the resolutions provided for by subparagraphs „b“ and „c“ of paragraph 2 of Article 127 of this Code does not suspend their operation.

5. The running of a time limit determined by reference shall be suspended from the commencement of the proceedings for the legalization of a facility or part thereof built without a construction permit and/or in violation of the project until the adoption of a decision by the relevant administrative body, but in total not more than 3 months.

6. (Removed – 20 December 2019, No. 5693).

7. (Removed – 20 December 2019, No. 5693).

8. A Resolution provided for by this Law is an administrative legal act, which shall be enforced in the manner established by this Code and the Law of Georgia “on Enforcement Proceedings”. The Resolution of the state supervision body over construction activities shall be substantiated and shall contain the requisites established for an administrative legal act, the name and address of the body with which this administrative legal act may be appealed, and the time limit for its appeal. The said Resolution shall be submitted for enforcement no later than 6 months from the day of its entry into legal force.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Law of Georgia of 26 April 2022 No. 1520 – website, 06.05.2022.

Article 129. Compensation for Damage and Expenses🔗

1. The imposition of a fine and/or the remedying of a construction offence shall not release the offender from the obligation to compensate for the damage caused by the offence.

2. In the event of failure to remedy the offence within the established time limit, if the immediate failure to remedy the offence may cause damage to state or public interests, as well as in the event that, during the proceedings of a construction offence case, the circumstances provided for by subparagraphs “b” and “c” of paragraph 2 of Article 127 of this Code are revealed, the administrative body exercising public supervision of construction shall be entitled to adopt a substantiated decision on the performance of the instruction by it or through a third person and at its own expense. This decision may be appealed in the manner established by the legislation of Georgia. An appeal against the said decision shall not suspend its enforcement.

3. After determining the expenses incurred in accordance with paragraph 2 of this Article, the administrative body exercising public supervision of construction shall issue a Resolution on compensation of expenses and shall send it to the construction offender. The time limit set for compensation of expenses shall not exceed 90 calendar days, unless another time limit is established by agreement of the parties, but not more than 180 calendar days.

4. A person who has incurred expenses for the preservation of the appearance of a building or structure in his ownership or lawful possession, for its stability and for the safety of the construction site, if the incurring of such expenses is caused by the failure to observe construction norms and the conservation regime during the performance of construction on an adjacent land plot, shall be entitled to demand from the offender compensation of the expenses incurred by him. In the event of failure to reach agreement on compensation of the said expenses, the dispute shall be considered by a court.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Article 130. Unauthorized construction🔗

1. Unauthorized construction (except for the cases provided for by paragraph 2 of this Article and Article 131 of this Code) shall result in a fine:

a) in a self-governing city – in the amount of GEL 6,000;

b) in a city – in the amount of GEL 4,000;

c) in a town or village − in the amount of GEL 1,000.

2. Unauthorized construction (except for the cases provided for by Article 131 of this Code) shall result in a fine:

a) on immovable property in the ownership of the State or a municipality, for the construction of a Class III or IV building or structure and/or for construction carried out on a Class III or IV building or structure, which results in a change of the dimensions of the building or structure, − in the amount of GEL 25,000;

b) on immovable property in private ownership, for the construction of a Class III or IV building or structure and/or for construction carried out on a Class III or IV building or structure, which results in a change of the dimensions of the building or structure, − in the amount of GEL 20,000.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Law of Georgia of 22 December 2022 No. 2484 – website, 29.12.2022.

Article 131. Unauthorised construction on the territories defined by the Forest Code of Georgia and the Law of Georgia “On Water”, in a territory or zone of special regulation, in a cultural heritage protection zone or within the administrative boundaries of the Tbilisi Municipality🔗

[Article 131. Unauthorised construction on the territories defined by the Forest Code of Georgia and the Law of Georgia “On Management of Water Resources”, in a territory or zone of special regulation, in a cultural heritage protection zone or within the administrative boundaries of the Tbilisi Municipality

(shall enter into force from 1 September 2026)]

1. Unauthorised construction (except for the cases provided for by paragraphs 11−3¹ of this Article) on the territories defined by the Forest Code of Georgia and the Law of Georgia “On Water”, in a territory or zone of special regulation, in a cultural heritage protection zone or within the administrative boundaries of the Tbilisi Municipality shall result in a fine:

a) on immovable property owned by the State or a municipality — in the amount of GEL 25,000;

b) on immovable property in private ownership (except for the case provided for by subparagraph “c” of this paragraph) — in the amount of GEL 8,000;

c) on immovable property in private ownership, for the construction of a Class III or Class IV building or structure and/or for construction carried out on a Class III or Class IV building or structure — in the amount of GEL 20,000.

[1. Unauthorised construction (except for the cases provided for by paragraphs 1¹−3¹ of this Article) on the territories defined by the Forest Code of Georgia and the Law of Georgia “On Management of Water Resources”, in a territory or zone of special regulation, in a cultural heritage protection zone or within the administrative boundaries of the Tbilisi Municipality shall result in a fine:

a) on immovable property owned by the State or a municipality — in the amount of GEL 25,000;

b) on immovable property in private ownership (except for the case provided for by subparagraph “c” of this paragraph) — in the amount of GEL 8,000;

c) on immovable property in private ownership, for the construction of a Class III or Class IV building or structure and/or for construction carried out on a Class III or Class IV building or structure — in the amount of GEL 20,000.

(shall enter into force from 1 September 2026)]

11. Unauthorised construction in a cultural heritage protection zone within the administrative boundaries of the Tbilisi Municipality (except for the cases provided for by paragraphs 1² and 3¹ of this Article) shall result in a fine:

a) on immovable property owned by the State or a municipality — in the amount of GEL 250,000;

b) on immovable property in private ownership:

b.a) for the construction of a Class I building or structure — in the amount of GEL 16,000;

b.b) for the construction of a Class II building or structure — in the amount of GEL 24,000;

b.c) for the construction of a Class III or Class IV building or structure and/or for construction carried out on a Class III or Class IV building or structure — in the amount of GEL 200,000.

12. If the authority to issue a permit for rehabilitation works on an immovable monument of cultural heritage has been delegated by the body determined by the legislation of Georgia to the Tbilisi Municipality, the unauthorised carrying out of the relevant works on an immovable monument of cultural heritage located within the administrative boundaries of the Tbilisi Municipality shall result in a fine:

a) in the case of carrying out minor rehabilitation works on an immovable monument of cultural heritage − in the amount of GEL 40,000;

b) in the case of carrying out rehabilitation works on an immovable monument of cultural heritage − in the amount of GEL 250,000.

Note:

1. For the purposes of this paragraph, the relevant works determined by the Law of Georgia “On Cultural Heritage” shall be considered minor rehabilitation works and rehabilitation works on an immovable monument of cultural heritage.

2. In the case provided for by this paragraph, public supervision of construction shall be carried out by the person determined in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 118 of this Code.

2. Unauthorised reconstruction on the territory determined by paragraph 1 of this Article, which does not result in a change of the dimensions of a building or structure, −

shall result in a fine in the amount of GEL 4,000.

2¹. Unauthorised reconstruction on the territory provided for by paragraph 1¹ of this Article, which does not result in a change of the dimensions of a building or structure, −

shall result in a fine in the amount of GEL 12,000.

3. Unauthorised new construction, reconstruction and/or demolition of a Class I building or structure on the territory determined by subparagraph “a” of paragraph 1 of this Article −

shall result in a fine in the amount of GEL 8,000.

3¹. Unauthorised new construction, reconstruction and/or demolition on the territory provided for by subparagraph “a” of paragraph 1¹ of this Article shall result in a fine:

a) for a Class I building or structure − in the amount of GEL 16,000;

b) for a Class II building or structure − in the amount of GEL 75,000.

4. (Deleted – 20.12.2019, No. 5693).

5. For the purposes of this Article, reconstruction without a change of the dimensions of a building or structure shall be considered such reconstruction during which the parameters of the foundation, external enclosing structures and roof of the building or structure do not change.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Law of Georgia of 22 May 2020 No. 5967 – website, 28.05.2020.

Law of Georgia of 2 November 2021 No. 964 – website, 05.11.2021.

Law of Georgia of 30 June 2023 No. 3436 – website, 20.07.2023.

Law of Georgia of 13 December 2023 No. 3898 – website, 28.12.2023.

Law of Georgia of 13 December 2023 No. 3897 – website, 28.12.2023.

Article 132. Violation of construction/permit conditions🔗

1. Violation of the construction/permit conditions determined by construction documentation and construction regulations:

a) on the territories determined by the Forest Code of Georgia and the Law of Georgia “On Water”, in a territory or zone of special regulation, in a cultural heritage protection zone or within the administrative boundaries of the municipality of the city of Tbilisi (except for the cases provided for by paragraphs 1¹ and 1² of this Article) shall result in a fine:

a.a) for the construction of a class I building/structure − in the amount of GEL 2,000;

a.b) for the construction of a class II building/structure − in the amount of GEL 4,000;

a.c) for the construction of a class III building/structure − in the amount of GEL 10,000;

a.d) for the construction of a class IV building/structure − in the amount of GEL 15,000.

[a) on the territories determined by the Forest Code of Georgia and the Law of Georgia “On Water Resources Management”, in a territory or zone of special regulation, in a cultural heritage protection zone or within the administrative boundaries of the municipality of the city of Tbilisi (except for the cases provided for by paragraphs 1¹ and 1² of this Article) shall result in a fine:

a.a) for the construction of a class I building/structure − in the amount of GEL 2,000;

a.b) for the construction of a class II building/structure − in the amount of GEL 4,000;

a.c) for the construction of a class III building/structure − in the amount of GEL 10,000;

a.d) for the construction of a class IV building/structure − in the amount of GEL 15,000; (shall enter into force from 1 September 2026) ]

b) in a city shall result in a fine:

b.a) for the construction of a class I or II building/structure − in the amount of GEL 800;

b.b) for the construction of a class III building/structure – in the amount of GEL 10,000;

b.c) for the construction of a class IV building/structure − in the amount of GEL 15,000;

c) in a town or village shall result in a fine:

c.a) for the construction of a class I or II building/structure – in the amount of GEL 200;

c.b) for the construction of a class III building/structure − in the amount of GEL 10,000;

c.c) for the construction of a class IV building/structure − in the amount of GEL 15,000.

1¹. Violation of the construction/permit conditions determined by construction documentation and construction regulations in a cultural heritage protection zone existing within the administrative boundaries of the municipality of the city of Tbilisi (except for the case provided for by paragraph 1² of this Article) shall result in a fine:

a) for the construction of a class I building/structure − in the amount of GEL 2,000;

b) for the construction of a class II building/structure − in the amount of GEL 4,000;

c) for the construction of a class III building/structure − in the amount of GEL 30,000;

d) for the construction of a class IV building/structure − in the amount of GEL 45,000.

1². If the authority to issue a permit for rehabilitation works on an immovable monument of cultural heritage is delegated by the legislation of Georgia to the relevant body for the Municipality of the City of Tbilisi, violation of the construction/permit conditions defined by the construction documentation and construction regulations on an immovable monument of cultural heritage located within the administrative boundaries of the Municipality of the City of Tbilisi shall result in a fine:

a) in the case of carrying out minor rehabilitation works on an immovable monument of cultural heritage – in the amount of GEL 20,000;

b) in the case of carrying out rehabilitation works on an immovable monument of cultural heritage – in the amount of GEL 150,000.

Note:

1. For the purposes of this paragraph, minor rehabilitation works and rehabilitation works on an immovable monument of cultural heritage shall be deemed to be the respective works defined by the Law of Georgia “on Cultural Heritage”.

2. In the case provided for by this paragraph, public supervision of construction shall be exercised by the person defined in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 118 of this Code.

2. (Removed – 20.12.2019, No. 5693).

3. If, in the course of construction (including reconstruction) of a Class II individual residential house (except for an immovable monument of cultural heritage and a commercial-purpose facility), the permit conditions are violated, and the violator, before the commencement of proceedings in the construction offence case, makes the appropriate amendment to the design documentation, he/she shall not be subject to the liability defined by paragraph 1 of this Article.

4. If, in the course of construction (including reconstruction) of a Class II individual residential house, the permit conditions are violated, the administrative body exercising public supervision of construction shall, before the commencement of administrative offence proceedings, set the violator a 45-day period for making the appropriate amendment to the design documentation or for remedying the offence. This period may be extended by not more than 3 months if, during the said period, the violator has submitted an application for an amendment to the design documentation and the body issuing the construction permit has not adopted a decision.

4¹. Construction carried out in violation of the construction notification shall not be considered a construction offence if it does not exceed the characteristics of a Class I building/structure and is confirmed by the person authorised to issue a construction permit in accordance with the procedure and conditions established by the legislation of Georgia.

5. The fine defined by subparagraphs “b” and “c” of paragraph 1 of this Article shall apply if the respective territory is not at the same time included in the territory defined by subparagraph “a” of the same paragraph.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Law of Georgia of 22 May 2020 No. 5967 – website, 28.05.2020.

Law of Georgia of 22 December 2022 No. 2484 – website, 29.12.2022.

Law of Georgia of 30 June 2023 No. 3436 – website, 20.07.2023.

Law of Georgia No. 3898 of 13 December 2023 – website, 28 December 2023.

Law of Georgia No. 3897 of 13 December 2023 – website, 28 December 2023.

Article 132¹. Failure to provide, as envisaged by the relevant technical regulation, arrangement of space and architectural and planning elements for persons with disabilities🔗

1. Failure to provide, as envisaged by the relevant technical regulation, arrangement of space and architectural and planning elements for persons with disabilities (except an individual residential house) shall result in a fine:

a) in a self-governing city, resort area or tourist zone:

a.a) for a Class I building or structure (public/public purpose) – in the amount of GEL 3,000;

a.b) for a Class II building or structure – in the amount of GEL 5,000;

a.c) for a Class III building or structure – in the amount of GEL 12,000;

a.d) for a Class IV building or structure – in the amount of GEL 20,000;

b) in a settlement of a municipality – in a city:

b.a) for a Class I building or structure (public/public purpose) – in the amount of GEL 1,000;

b.b) for a Class II building or structure – in the amount of GEL 2,000;

b.c) for a Class III building or structure – in the amount of GEL 5,000;

b.d) for a Class IV building or structure – in the amount of GEL 10,000;

c) in a settlement of a municipality – in a town or village:

c.a) for a Class I building or structure (public/public purpose) – in the amount of GEL 200;

c.b) for a Class II building or structure – in the amount of GEL 500;

c.c) for a Class III building or structure – in the amount of GEL 1,000;

c.d) for a Class IV building or structure – in the amount of GEL 3,000.

2. The state supervision body for construction activities, together with the adoption of a resolution on imposing a fine for the construction offence envisaged by paragraph 1 of this Article, shall warn the construction offender in writing regarding ensuring that the construction complies with the arrangement of space and architectural and planning elements for persons with disabilities and shall grant a period of not less than 30 days for remedying the violation.

3. Failure to comply with the requirement envisaged by paragraph 2 of this Article shall result in a fine in the amount of double the fine determined by paragraph 1 of this Article.

4. The provisions envisaged by paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article shall apply until the construction ensures compliance with the arrangement of space and architectural and planning elements for persons with disabilities.

Law of Georgia No. 5706 of 5 February 2020 – website, 10 February 2020.

Article 133. (repealed)🔗

Law of Georgia No. 5693 of 20 December 2019 – website, 26 December 2019.

Article 134. Failure to place an information board on a site or placement of incomplete information on an information board🔗

1. Failure to place an information board on a site or placement of incomplete information on an information board shall result in a fine:

a) in the territories defined by the Forest Code of Georgia and the Law of Georgia “On Water”, in a territory or zone of special regulation, in a cultural heritage protection zone and/or within the administrative boundaries of the municipality of the City of Tbilisi – in the amount of GEL 2,000;

[a) in the territories defined by the Forest Code of Georgia and the Law of Georgia “On Water Resources Management”, in a territory or zone of special regulation, in a cultural heritage protection zone and/or within the administrative boundaries of the municipality of the City of Tbilisi – in the amount of GEL 2,000;

(shall enter into force from 1 September 2026) ]

b) in a city – in the amount of GEL 400;

c) in a town or village – in the amount of GEL 50.

2. (removed - 20.12.2019, No. 5693).

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Law of Georgia of 22 May 2020 No. 5967 – website, 28.05.2020.

Law of Georgia of 30 June 2023 No. 3436 – website, 20.07.2023.

Article 135. Abandonment of an object under construction in violation of the conservation rules🔗

1. Suspension of construction for a period of more than 6 months in violation of the conservation rules shall result in a fine:

a) in the territories defined by the Forest Code of Georgia and the Law of Georgia "On Water", in a territory or zone of special regulation, in a cultural heritage protection zone or within the administrative boundaries of the municipality of the City of Tbilisi (except for the cases provided for by paragraphs 1¹ and 1² of this Article):

a.a) for the construction of a Class I or II building or structure − in the amount of GEL 5,000;

a.b) for the construction of a Class III or IV building or structure − in the amount of GEL 20,000.

[a) in the territories defined by the Forest Code of Georgia and the Law of Georgia "On Water Resources Management", in a territory or zone of special regulation, in a cultural heritage protection zone or within the administrative boundaries of the municipality of the City of Tbilisi (except for the cases provided for by paragraphs 1¹ and 1² of this Article):

a.a) for the construction of a Class I or II building or structure − in the amount of GEL 5,000;

a.b) for the construction of a Class III or IV building or structure − in the amount of GEL 20,000;

(shall enter into force from 1 September 2026)]

b) in a city:

b.a) for the construction of a Class I or II building or structure − in the amount of GEL 1,000;

b.b) for the construction of a Class III or IV building or structure – in the amount of GEL 2,000;

c) in a town or village:

c.a) for the construction of a Class I or II building or structure − in the amount of GEL 200;

c.b) for the construction of a Class III or IV building or structure – in the amount of GEL 1,000.

1¹. Suspension of construction for a period of more than 6 months in violation of the conservation rules in a cultural heritage protection zone located within the administrative boundaries of the municipality of the City of Tbilisi (except for the case provided for by paragraph 1² of this Article) shall result in a fine:

a) for the construction of a Class I or II building or structure − in the amount of GEL 5,000;

b) for the construction of a Class III or IV building or structure − in the amount of GEL 150,000.

1². If the authority to issue a permit for rehabilitation works on an immovable monument of cultural heritage is delegated by the legislation of Georgia to the municipality of the City of Tbilisi, suspension of construction for a period of more than 6 months in violation of the conservation rules on an immovable monument of cultural heritage located within the administrative boundaries of the municipality of the City of Tbilisi shall result in a fine:

a) in the case of minor rehabilitation works on an immovable monument of cultural heritage − in the amount of GEL 25,000;

b) in the case of rehabilitation works on an immovable monument of cultural heritage − in the amount of GEL 200,000.

Note:

1. For the purposes of this paragraph, the relevant works defined by the Law of Georgia "On Cultural Heritage" shall be considered minor rehabilitation works and rehabilitation works on an immovable monument of cultural heritage.

2. In the case provided for by this paragraph, public supervision of construction shall be exercised by the person defined in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 118 of this Code.

2. (removed – 20.12.2019, No. 5693).

3. The fine defined by subparagraphs „b“ and „c“ of paragraph 1 of this Article shall be applied if the territory indicated in these subparagraphs is not simultaneously included in the territory defined by subparagraph „a“ of the same paragraph.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Law of Georgia of 22 May 2020 No. 5967 – website, 28.05.2020.

Law of Georgia of 30 June 2023 No. 3436 – website, 20.07.2023.

Law of Georgia of 13 December 2023 No. 3898 – website, 28.12.2023.

Law of Georgia of 13 December 2023 No. 3897 – website, 28.12.2023.

Article 136. Failure to comply with a resolution of the construction public supervision body on suspension of construction🔗

1. Failure to comply with a resolution of the construction public supervision body on suspension of construction shall result in a fine:

a) on the territories defined by the Forest Code of Georgia and the Law of Georgia „on Water“, in a territory or zone of special regulation, in a cultural heritage protection zone and/or within the administrative boundaries of the municipality of the City of Tbilisi – in the amount of GEL 50,000;

[a) on the territories defined by the Forest Code of Georgia and the Law of Georgia „on Management of Water Resources“, in a territory or zone of special regulation, in a cultural heritage protection zone and/or within the administrative boundaries of the municipality of the City of Tbilisi – in the amount of GEL 50,000;

(shall enter into force from 1 September 2026) ]

b) in a city:

b.a) during the construction of a class I or II building or structure – in the amount of GEL 5,000;

b.b) during the construction of a class III or IV building or structure − in the amount of GEL 25,000;

c) in a town or village:

c.a) during the construction of a class I or II building or structure – in the amount of GEL 1,000;

c.b) during the construction of a class III or IV building or structure − in the amount of GEL 10,000.

2. (removed – 20.12.2019, No. 5693).

3. The fine defined by subparagraphs „b“ and „c“ of paragraph 1 of this Article shall be applied if the respective territory is not simultaneously included in the territory defined by subparagraph „a“ of the same paragraph.

4. The construction public supervision body shall, after adopting a resolution on suspension of construction, for the purpose of controlling the compliance with this resolution, in accordance with the procedure established by the municipal council, check the respective construction at least once a month.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Law of Georgia of 22 May 2020 No. 5967 – website, 28.05.2020.

Law of Georgia of 22 December 2022 No. 2484 – website, 29.12.2022.

Law of Georgia of 30 June 2023 No. 3436 – website, 20.07.2023.

Article 137. Failure to carry out mandatory reconstruction or demolition of a hazardous emergency building/structure🔗

1. If the owner of an emergency building/structure becomes aware that his/her property poses a threat to the life and/or health of third parties, the owner shall, no later than 10 working days from the receipt of such information, notify the relevant municipal body thereof and carry out one of the following actions:

a) within the period established by a legal act of the Government of Georgia, apply to the administrative body issuing construction permits with a request for the issuance of a permit for the reconstruction or demolition of the emergency building/structure and, upon receipt of such permit, carry out, respectively, the reconstruction or demolition;

b) comply with the instruction of the relevant body, as well as, within the limits of his/her capabilities, take safety measures to avert the threat.

2. Failure to carry out the action defined by subparagraph "a" or "b" of paragraph 1 of this Article shall result in a fine in the amount of GEL 5,000.

3. The matters defined by this Article shall be determined by the Resolution of the Government of Georgia "On the Rules and Conditions for the Issuance of Construction Permits and the Commissioning of Buildings/Structures".

Law of Georgia No. 7011 of 15 July 2020 – website, 28 July 2020.

Article 137¹. Failure to repair (renovate), reconstruct, restore and/or dismantle a building/structure that disfigures the appearance of the municipality🔗

Failure to repair (renovate), reconstruct, restore and/or dismantle a building/structure that disfigures the appearance of the municipality and is located in the area of visual perception from public space:

a) in a special regime zone for construction, where a special regime for construction is established, in an area defined by the forest fund or the Law of Georgia on Water, in a protected zone of cultural heritage, in a resort-recreational zone, or in the territory of the city of Tbilisi –

shall result in a fine in the amount of GEL 5,000;

[a) in a special regime zone for construction, where a special regime for construction is established, in an area defined by the state forest or the Law of Georgia on Management of Water Resources, in a protected zone of cultural heritage, in a resort-recreational zone, or in the territory of the city of Tbilisi –

shall result in a fine in the amount of GEL 5,000;

(shall enter into force from 1 September 2026)]

b) in a self-governing city, except for the territory indicated in subparagraph „a“ of this Article –

shall result in a fine in the amount of GEL 1,000;

c) in a settlement of a municipality – a city, except for the territory indicated in subparagraph „a“ of this Article –

shall result in a fine in the amount of GEL 500;

d) in a settlement of a municipality – a town or village, except for the territory indicated in subparagraph „a“ of this Article –

shall result in a fine in the amount of GEL 200.

Note:

1. For the purposes of this Article, a building/structure shall be considered to disfigure the appearance of the municipality if its exterior cladding, roofing, glazing, fencing, or external enclosing structure is damaged.

2. If an offence provided for by this Article exists, the public supervision body for construction activities shall issue an instruction to the owner of the building/structure, by which, taking into account the condition of the building/structure, it shall set a reasonable time period for remedying the offence (wrapping the building/structure with protective netting shall not be considered remediation of the offence). After the expiry of the time period set by this instruction, the public supervision body for construction activities shall draw up an inspection act. If the offence has not been remedied within the set time period, the fine provided for by this Article shall be imposed on the owner of the building/structure in accordance with the procedure established by this Code.

3. If an offence provided for by this Article exists, the public supervision body for construction activities shall have the right to issue an instruction to the owner of the building/structure demanding its dismantling only in the case where repair (renovation), reconstruction, or restoration of this building/structure is impossible.

4. The operation of this Article shall not apply to a residential house located on a household land plot, a cultural heritage monument, and a building/structure used for residential purposes.

Law of Georgia of 17 March 2020 No. 5779 – website, 23.03.2020.

Law of Georgia of 30 June 2023 No. 3436 – website, 20.07.2023.

Article 138. Violation of construction safety rules🔗

1. Violation of construction safety rules shall result in a fine in the amount of GEL 30,000.

2. (Removed – 20.12.2019, No. 5693).

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2019 No. 5693 – website, 26.12.2019.

Article 139. Acceptance of a building/structure into operation🔗

1. A Class I building/structure shall not be subject to recognition as suitable for acceptance into operation.

2. The rules for acceptance into operation of Class II, III and IV buildings/structures shall be determined by a legal act of the Government of Georgia.

Article 139¹. Functioning of a building/structure without acceptance into operation 1. It shall be inadmissible for a building/structure to function before the issuance, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, of the relevant act on the acceptance of that building/structure into operation.🔗

2. It shall be inadmissible to supply an unaccepted building/structure with electricity and natural gas.

3. The restriction provided for by paragraph 2 of this Article shall not apply to the supply of an unaccepted building/structure with electricity and natural gas for construction activities, which shall not exceed the term of validity of the relevant construction permit.

4. Matters related to the supply of an unaccepted building/structure with electricity and natural gas for construction activities shall be regulated by a normative act of the Georgian National Energy and Water Supply Regulatory Commission.

Law of Georgia of 12 July 2021 No. 722 – website, 14.07.2021.

Article 140. Mandatory certification in the performance of architectural and construction activities🔗

1. The following shall be subject to mandatory certification: an architect authorised to certify an architectural design, an engineer-constructor responsible for certifying a structural design and for performing construction works, and an expert of an architectural design and a structural design.

2. Specialists studying permit documentation in an administrative body issuing a construction permit shall be subject to mandatory certification.

3. The rules for certification of the persons defined by paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall be determined in accordance with the legislation of Georgia.

Article 141. Transitional provisions🔗

1. A construction permit issued before 3 June 2019 retains legal force; at the same time, in connection with the acceptance into operation of a building/structure constructed on its basis, the requirements and rules established by the legal acts in force at the time of issuance of that permit shall apply.

2. Buildings/structures under construction and constructed as of 3 June 2019 that before 3 June 2019 were not subject to the obligation to obtain a construction permit or to give construction notification shall not require the said permit or notification after 3 June 2019 either.

3. Until 31 December 2035, the Agency is entitled, upon the initiative of the relevant municipality and on the instruction of the Government of Georgia, to ensure the development of a municipal spatial planning plan and/or the concept/final plan of an urban planning plan and/or the preparation of documents related thereto. The concept/draft of the said plan must be approved by an administrative-legal act of the Agency. Thereafter, the concept/draft of the municipal spatial planning plan and/or urban planning plan shall be approved by the council of the relevant municipality.

4. All municipalities shall, by 31 December 2035, ensure the development and approval of the spatial planning plan of the relevant municipality.

5. (Removed - 20 December 2019, No. 5693).

6. A decision adopted before 3 June 2019 on increasing the maximum coefficient of development intensity, on the basis of which no project was agreed and/or no construction permit was issued before 1 January 2020, shall lose force from 1 January 2020.

7. The operation of paragraph 6 of this article shall not apply to a decision on increasing the maximum coefficient of development intensity established by a development regulation plan.

8. Reconstruction of a building/structure constructed before 3 June 2019, which is factually non-compliant due to the development of the land plot and/or exceeding the maximum coefficient of development intensity of the land plot, shall be permissible without increasing the said non-compliance or subject to its elimination or reduction.

9. Until 1 September 2026, the expert assessment and technical supervision of permit documentation defined by this Code shall be carried out, together with accredited inspection bodies and certified experts, by persons defined by the temporary rules for carrying out expert assessment and technical supervision of permit documentation.

10. Spatial arrangement plans approved before 3 June 2019/their planning assignments retain legal force. Based on the planning assignment of such a plan, the development of the relevant plan may be completed in accordance with the legislation in force at the time of approval of the said planning assignment.

11. General land use plans approved on the basis of legislation in force before 3 June 2019 and those development regulation plans which cover the issues regulated by a general land use plan shall retain legal force until the approval of the respective new plan, but not later than 3 June 2029.

12. On the basis of the planning assignment of general land use plans approved under legislation before 3 June 2019, as well as on the basis of the planning assignment of development regulation plans covering the issues regulated by a general land use plan, the elaboration of the respective plan may be completed in accordance with the legislation in force at the moment of approval of the said planning assignment. A plan approved on the basis of this paragraph shall retain legal force until the approval of a new plan, but not later than 3 June 2029.

13. In those territories to which extend the general land use plans approved on the basis of the legislation in force before 3 June 2019, as provided for by paragraphs 11 and 12 of this article, and those development regulation plans which cover the issues regulated by a general land use plan, the approval of hierarchically subordinate urban planning documentation, as well as the regulation of the use and development of settlement territories and the introduction of changes therein, shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the respective legal acts in force before 3 June 2019. The said regulation shall not apply to issues related to the implementation of urban planning measures. In the said case, the requirements of this Code (except Articles 61–63 of this Code) and of the respective subordinate normative acts shall apply.

14. Development regulation plans approved before 3 June 2029 on the basis of the respective legislation in force before 3 June 2019 correspond to the detailed development plans defined by this Code and shall retain legal force. If changes need to be made to the said plans, their compliance with the requirements of this Code and of the respective subordinate normative acts may be ensured.

15. (Removed – 20.12.2019, No. 5693).

16. The planning assignments of a development regulation plan approved before 3 June 2019 shall retain legal force until 3 June 2021. On the basis of the planning assignments of such a plan, the elaboration of the respective plan may be completed in accordance with the legislation in force at the moment of approval of the said planning assignments. If a change needs to be made to such a plan, its compliance with the requirements of this Code and of the respective subordinate acts may be ensured.

16¹. In the case of an urban planning plan approved without a concept, the administrative proceedings related to the introduction of a change may, until 3 June 2029, be carried out by considering and approving the draft change to be introduced into the said plan.

17. If the conditions for the use of a land plot for construction purposes were issued before 3 December 2019, for the purpose of issuing a permit during the period of validity of these conditions, the legislation and urban development plans in force at the moment of their approval shall apply.

18. In the case of the performance of technical supervision of construction, the legislation in force at the moment of the conclusion of the contract shall apply.

19. (Removed – 20 December 2019, No. 5693).

20. The legal acts provided for by paragraph 13 of this Article and the respective legal acts adopted on their basis shall retain legal force. Amendments to these legal acts or their repeal/declaration as invalid may be effected in the same manner as was established for their adoption or repeal/declaration as invalid.

21. Those municipalities that have approved the plans provided for by paragraph 11 of this Article shall, by 31 December 2021, develop an action plan according to which compliance with this Code of the general land use plans and/or of those construction regulation plans that cover the issues regulated by the general land use plan shall be ensured.

22. If necessary, the representative body of the municipality shall ensure, in accordance with Article 128 of this Code, the approval of the procedure and conditions for familiarisation with the decision adopted by the superior administrative body on the basis of the consideration of the administrative complaint submitted against the resolution issued to the construction offender.

23. Before the approval of the General Plan for the Development of the City of Batumi, but not later than 1 January 2027, in the case of a positive recommendation of the advisory council, on the submission of the Mayor of Batumi Municipality, by decision of the Batumi Municipality Council, in the form of temporary facilitating measures, within the administrative boundaries of Batumi Municipality, it is possible to increase the maximum coefficient of development intensity without a detailed development plan. It is also permissible to approve urban planning documentation and construction documentation, or to introduce amendments thereto, under conditions different from those provided for by the requirements established by the legislation of Georgia (maximum height of buildings and structures, functional zone and its regulation (except for the maximum development coefficient and the greening coefficient)). The adoption of the decision provided for by this paragraph shall be permissible if it is compensated by an appropriate measure, and at the same time does not conflict with the regulations defined by the legislation on the protection of cultural heritage, public interests, and does not cause deterioration of the sanitary-hygienic condition of the human living environment and working environment. At the same time, the temporary facilitating measure shall not contradict urban planning aesthetic parameters and shall provide for the conditions for the effective maintenance/improvement of the existing engineering, transport and green infrastructure. The use of the temporary facilitating measure provided for by this paragraph shall be possible only:

a) on a land plot allocated/transferred for the purpose of satisfying persons affected by cooperative apartment construction;

b) during the implementation of a project of special state and/or municipal importance, in the case of appropriate justification;

c) for the purpose of replacing an emergency building/structure (a multi-apartment residential building or a multi-apartment building/structure containing a residential function);

d) for the purpose of completing the facility which, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, is considered unfinished construction.

24. The Mayor of Batumi Municipality shall apply to the Batumi Municipality Council regarding the use of the temporary facilitating measure provided for by paragraph 23 of this article only in the case of a positive recommendation of the advisory council. The rules of activity of the advisory council shall be approved by the Batumi Municipality Council, while the composition of the advisory council shall be determined by the Mayor of Batumi Municipality.

25. If the Sakrebulo of Batumi City Municipality adopts a decision on the application of the temporary supportive measure provided for by paragraph 23 of this article, not less than 10% of the increased area of the building/structure resulting from this measure shall be registered as usable area in the ownership of Batumi City Municipality and shall be used for social purposes, including for the replacement of emergency residential houses. This area shall be registered in the ownership of Batumi City Municipality without the consent of the owner and/or the holder of the construction permit.

Law of Georgia No. 4748 of 30 May 2019 – website, 30.05.2019.

Law of Georgia No. 5693 of 20 December 2019 – website, 26.12.2019.

Law of Georgia No. 5693 of 20 December 2019 – website, 26.12.2019.

Law of Georgia No. 1520 of 26 April 2022 – website, 06.05.2022.

Law of Georgia No. 1516 of 26 April 2022 – website, 13.05.2022.

Law of Georgia No. 1712 of 23 June 2022 – website, 05.07.2022.

Law of Georgia No. 1896 of 7 October 2022 – website, 10.10.2022.

Law of Georgia No. 2032 of 16 November 2022 – website, 25.11.2022.

Law of Georgia No. 4080 of 7 March 2024 – website, 14.03.2024.

Law of Georgia No. 159 of 13 December 2024 – website, 30.12.2024.

Law of Georgia No. 952 of 3 September 2025 – website, 05.09.2025.

Law of Georgia No. 968 of 15 October 2025 – website, 16.10.2025.

Article 141¹. Adoption of a decision on the legalization of an object or part thereof built without a permit and/or in violation of a project🔗

1. The body issuing the construction permit shall be entitled to carry out the legalization of an object or part thereof built without a permit and/or in violation of a project before 1 January 2007, and also to set a time limit for the completion of an object started before 1 January 2007 and left unfinished and to carry out its subsequent legalization.

2. The rules and conditions for the legalization of an object or part thereof built without a permit and/or in violation of a project, as well as the time limit for the completion of an object started before 1 January 2007 and left unfinished and the rules and conditions for its legalization shall be approved by the Government of Georgia.

Law of Georgia No. 5693 of 20 December 2019 – website, 26.12.2019.

Article 141². Exemption of a construction offender from the liability imposed for placing a temporary building − a kiosk on public territory and/or on the territory adjacent thereto without a construction notification or a construction permit🔗

1. If, before 1 January 2021, a construction offender was held liable for committing a construction offence provided for by Articles 130−132 of this Code and Articles 43 and 44 of the Code of Product Safety and Free Movement, which was manifested in his placing a temporary building − a kiosk on public territory and/or on the territory adjacent thereto without a construction notification or a construction permit, but as of 1 January 2021 he has not paid or has partially paid the amount of the fine/penalty interest, he shall be released from the obligation to pay the amount of the fine/penalty interest and/or its unpaid part, and if, as of 1 January 2021, a construction offender has committed a construction offence, but proceedings in the case of the construction offence have not been initiated in respect of him, or proceedings in the case of the construction offence have been initiated but no resolution has been adopted, he shall be released from the obligation to pay the amount of the fine/penalty interest provided for by Articles 130−132 of this Code and Articles 43 and 44 of the Code of Product Safety and Free Movement.

2. The public supervision authority for construction:

a) in respect of a construction offender who, before 1 January 2021, was held liable for committing, in the field of construction activity, the construction offence provided for by paragraph 1 of this Article and for whom, as of 1 January 2021, the amount of the fine/penalty interest has not been paid or has been partially paid, declares invalid the resolution on imposing a fine on the construction offender and/or on charging penalty interest to the offender;

b) in respect of a construction offender who, as of 1 January 2021, has committed the construction offence provided for by paragraph 1 of this Article and in respect of whom proceedings in the case of the construction offence have not been initiated, shall not initiate the relevant proceedings, and if proceedings in the case of the construction offence have been initiated but no resolution has been adopted, adopts a resolution on the termination of the proceedings in the case of the construction offence.

Law of Georgia of 5 January 2021 No. 81 – website, 06.01.2021.

Law of Georgia of 2 November 2021 No. 964 – website, 05.11.2021.

Article 141³. Temporary rule for acceptance into operation of construction carried out in violation of permit conditions within the administrative boundaries of the Tbilisi Municipality🔗

1. The construction public supervision authority shall be entitled to accept into operation a completed building-structure within the administrative boundaries of the Tbilisi Municipality, including an independently functioning completed object of a complex of buildings-structures (hereinafter – object), for which a construction permit had been issued and the construction of which was carried out in violation of the agreed architectural project (including by change of the development regulation parameters, violation of functional zoning) or on an incompatible land plot. This paragraph shall also apply to an object for which a construction permit has not been issued, but the construction of which has been carried out within the area of an approved development regulation plan/detailed development plan.

2. Acceptance into operation applies to an object for which a construction permit has been issued within the administrative boundaries of the Tbilisi Municipality and the construction of which, as of 18 August 2020, is completed, as well as to an object for which a construction permit has not been issued, but which is located within the area of an approved development regulation plan/detailed development plan and the construction of which, as of 18 August 2020, is completed.

3. For the purposes of this article, a completed object shall be considered to be an object for which the construction works of the main structural system and the exterior, except for facing and improvement works, are completed.

4. An interested person, for the purpose of acceptance of the object into operation, shall apply to the construction public supervision authority within 2 years from the entry into force of this article.

5. An interested person, for the purpose of acceptance of the object into operation, shall submit an application to the construction public supervision authority. The following documentation shall be attached to this application:

a) a topographic plan reflecting the existing condition of the object;

b) an extract from the public registry and the measurement drawing of the respective land plot, on which the object to be operated is shown;

c) the architectural project of the object and the measurement drawing reflecting the existing condition of the object;

d) photographs of the object;

e) an expert opinion issued by an accredited inspection body confirming the stability and seismic resistance of the load-bearing structures of the object;

f) if necessary – an expert opinion issued by an accredited inspection body on the project;

g) in the case of implementation of the internal planning of the object or of facing and improvement works in violation – the consent of the respective persons;

h) in the absence of the mandatory number of parking spaces provided for by the agreed architectural design (where such an obligation exists under the agreed architectural design), and, in the absence of the said design, in the absence of the number of parking spaces provided for by the legislation of Georgia for this facility — the consent of the relevant persons;

i) the test reports of the technological devices (lift, escalator and others) installed in the facility.

6. For the purposes of subparagraphs „g“ and „h“ of paragraph 5 of this Article, the need for the consent of the relevant persons and the circle of these persons shall be determined by the construction public supervision body.

7. An interested person shall be entitled, in agreement with the Municipality of the City of Tbilisi, to carry out the facing and improvement works provided for by subparagraph „g“ of paragraph 5 of this Article within 2 years from the entry into force of this Article, which does not require an additional construction permit. The works to be carried out as defined by this paragraph shall comply with the principles of the agreed architectural design, and, in the absence of a construction permit, with the principles of another agreed architectural design existing within the area of the approved development regulation plan/detailed development plan (where such a design exists).

8. In the process of commissioning a facility (except an individual residential house), in order to ensure the promotion of equality of persons with disabilities with other persons and the elimination of discrimination, the principle of reasonable accommodation shall be taken into account.

9. After the submission to the construction public supervision body of the documentation defined by paragraph 5 of this Article, it shall confirm the construction carried out in violation, taking into account the construction works performed. It shall be obliged, in accordance with the requirements of this Article, to take a decision on the commissioning of the facility or on refusal to commission the facility. The construction public supervision body shall take the decision provided for by this paragraph within 6 months from the submission to it of the relevant application. In the event of its failure to take the relevant decision, this period shall be extended by 6 months. Violation by the construction public supervision body of the period established for taking a decision shall be deemed a refusal to issue an administrative-legal act on the commissioning of the facility, in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 177 of the General Administrative Code of Georgia. Failure to take the said decision within this period shall not restrict the right of a person to re-submit an application to the construction public supervision body for the purpose of commissioning the facility.

10. Commissioning of a facility in accordance with this Article shall not mean:

a) the lawfulness of works carried out in violation of the boundary zone;

b) exemption from payment of the amount established for increasing the land plot development intensity coefficient (K-2).

11. Before the commissioning of the facility, in order to ensure its safety or proceeding from private and public interests, the construction public supervision authority is entitled to require the interested person to submit additional documentation or to fulfil the relevant conditions directly in connection with the commissioning of that facility. Failure to submit the documentation required under this paragraph or failure to fulfil the relevant conditions may become grounds for refusal of the commissioning of the facility.

12. A construction offender who, before the entry into force of this Article, was held liable for committing a construction offence provided for by Articles 131 and 132 of this Code and Articles 44 and 45 of the Code of Product Safety and Free Movement within the administrative boundaries of the City of Tbilisi municipality (except for non-payment of the amount imposed for increasing the land plot development intensity coefficient (K-2)) and who, at the moment of entry into force of this Article, has not paid or has partially paid the amount of the fine/penalty, shall be released from the obligation to pay the amount of the fine/penalty and/or its unpaid part, while a construction offender who, at the moment of entry into force of this Article, has committed a construction offence provided for by Articles 131 and 132 of this Code and Articles 44 and 45 of the Code of Product Safety and Free Movement within the administrative boundaries of the City of Tbilisi municipality (except for non-payment of the amount imposed for increasing the land plot development intensity coefficient (K-2)) and in respect of whom proceedings in the construction offence case have not been initiated or have been initiated but no resolution has been adopted, shall be released from the liability provided for by Articles 131 and 132 of this Code and Articles 44 and 45 of the Code of Product Safety and Free Movement.

13. A construction offender who, before the entry into force of this Article, in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 126 of this Code and paragraph 4 of Article 26 of the Code of Product Safety and Free Movement, was imposed a fine of triple the amount for committing a construction offence within the administrative boundaries of the City of Tbilisi municipality and who has not paid it or has partially paid it, as well as a construction offender who was subject to the imposition of a fine of triple the amount determined by the said articles and to whom, at the moment of entry into force of this Article, it has not been imposed, shall be released from the obligation to pay the fine of triple the amount or its unpaid part.

14. The construction public supervision authority:

a) in respect of that construction offender who, before the entry into force of this article, was held liable for the commission of a construction offence in the field of construction activity, as provided for by paragraphs 12 and 13 of this article, within the administrative boundaries of the municipality of the city of Tbilisi, and who, as at the moment of the entry into force of this paragraph, has not paid or has partially paid the amount of the fine/penalty interest, declares invalid the resolution on the imposition of a fine on the construction offender and/or on the accrual of penalty interest to the construction offender;

b) in respect of that construction offender who, as at the moment of the entry into force of this article, has committed a construction offence in the field of construction activity as provided for by paragraphs 12 and 13 of this article, and in respect of whom proceedings in the construction offence case have not been initiated, shall not initiate the relevant proceedings, and if proceedings in the construction offence case have been initiated but no resolution has been adopted, shall adopt a resolution on the termination of the initiated proceedings in the construction offence case.

15. Paragraphs 12–14 of this article shall apply only to a person who, in violation of the law, carried out construction activity on the facility which will be put into operation in accordance with this article.

16. The operation of this article shall not apply to:

a) a Class V building/structure;

b) an immovable monument as defined by the Law of Georgia "On Cultural Heritage";

c) an entity whose activity, in accordance with the Environmental Assessment Code, is subject to an environmental impact assessment;

d) an entity which carries out the activity provided for by the Resolution of the Government of Georgia "On Approval of Environmental Technical Regulations".

17. For the purposes of this article, an interested person may be the original owner/customer, as well as any other interested person whose legitimate interest is confirmed both individually and in the form of a common/shared right/interest.

Law of Georgia of 12 July 2021 No. 722 – website, 14.07.2021.

Article 141⁴. Exemption from liability imposed for failure to submit a milestone protocol in accordance with the established procedure during the construction of an individual residential house🔗

1. A construction offender who, before this article entered into force, was held liable for failure to submit a milestone protocol to the relevant public construction supervision body during the construction of an individual residential house and, at the time this article entered into force, has not paid or has partially paid the amount of the fine/penalty, shall be released from the obligation to pay the amount of the fine/penalty and/or its unpaid part. Also released from liability is a construction offender who has not submitted a milestone protocol to the relevant public construction supervision body during the construction of an individual residential house and in respect of whom construction offence proceedings have not been initiated, or construction offence proceedings have been initiated but no resolution has been adopted.

2. The public construction supervision body:

a) in respect of a construction offender who, before this article entered into force, was held liable for committing a construction offence provided for by paragraph 1 of this article in the field of construction activity and, at the time this paragraph entered into force, has not paid or has partially paid the amount of the fine/penalty, shall declare invalid the resolution on imposing a fine on the construction offender and/or on charging a penalty to the offender;

b) in respect of a construction offender who, at the time this article entered into force, has committed a construction offence provided for by paragraph 1 of this article and in respect of whom construction offence proceedings have not been initiated, shall not initiate the relevant proceedings, and if construction offence proceedings have been initiated but no resolution has been adopted, shall adopt a resolution on termination of the initiated construction offence proceedings.

Law of Georgia No. 964 of 2 November 2021 – website, 05.11.2021.

Article 141⁵. Temporary rule for exemption from the liability determined for failure to submit a milestone protocol in accordance with the established procedure during the construction of a building/structure🔗

1. During the construction of a building/structure, until 31 December 2026, the liability provided for by Article 132 of this Code shall not be imposed on a construction offender for failure to submit a milestone protocol to the relevant body of public supervision of construction in accordance with the established procedure.

2. A construction offender who, before 1 January 2024, was held liable for failure to submit a milestone protocol to the relevant body of public supervision of construction in accordance with the established procedure during the construction of a building/structure and who, before 1 January 2024, has not paid or has partially paid the amount of the fine/penalty interest shall be released from the obligation to pay the amount of the fine/penalty interest and/or its unpaid part. Also released from liability shall be a construction offender who has failed to submit a milestone protocol to the relevant body of public supervision of construction during the construction of a building/structure and against whom proceedings in the construction offence case have not been initiated, or proceedings in the construction offence case have been initiated but no resolution has been adopted.

3. The body of public supervision of construction:

a) in respect of a construction offender who, before 1 January 2024, was held liable for the commission, in the field of construction activity, of a construction offence provided for by paragraph 1 of this Article and who, before 1 January 2024, has not paid or has partially paid the amount of the fine/penalty interest, declares invalid the resolution on imposing a fine on the construction offender and/or on charging penalty interest to the offender;

b) in respect of a construction offender who committed, before 1 January 2024, a construction offence provided for by paragraph 1 of this Article and against whom proceedings in the construction offence case have not been initiated, shall not initiate the relevant proceedings, and if proceedings in the construction offence case have been initiated but no resolution has been adopted, shall adopt a resolution on the termination of the initiated proceedings in the construction offence case.

Law of Georgia of 2 November 2021 No. 964 – website, 05.11.2021.

Law of Georgia of 12 April 2022 No. 1486 – website, 19.04.2022.

Law of Georgia of 13 December 2023 No. 3899 – website, 25.12.2023.

Law of Georgia of 9 December 2025 No. 1136 – website, 12.12.2025.

Article 141⁶. Until 1 January 2027, within the framework of a state/municipal targeted program, within the administrative boundaries of Batumi Municipality, temporary supporting measures for the demolition of multi-apartment and/or multifunctional dilapidated residential buildings and the construction of new multi-apartment residential and/or multifunctional buildings in their place🔗

1. If multi-apartment and/or multifunctional residential buildings located within the administrative boundaries of Batumi Municipality are dilapidated and are not subject to reinforcement, which is confirmed by a relevant expert opinion according to which the existence of these buildings poses a threat to human health and/or life, such buildings shall be subject to demolition, and in their place, within the framework of a state/municipal targeted program, in the case of a positive recommendation of the Advisory Council, by decision of the Mayor of Batumi Municipality, in the form of temporary supporting measures for the construction of new multi-apartment residential and/or multifunctional buildings, it is possible to exceed, without a detailed development plan, the limit values of the maximum land plot development coefficient and/or the maximum development intensity coefficient, as well as to approve construction documentation or make amendments thereto under conditions different from those provided for by the requirements established by Georgian legislation (maximum height of buildings/structures, functional zone and its regulation, requirements provided for by the planning assignment of the approved development regulation plan/by the development regulation plan, requirements provided for by the conditions for the use of the land plot for construction, requirements provided for by the architectural-construction project, transport and landscaping regulations, rules for the boundary zone and placement of buildings/structures, number of parking spaces and other requirements, except for the regulations defined by the legislation on the protection of cultural heritage). At the same time, other measures may be applied to compensate for the temporary supporting measures.

2. The temporary supporting measures provided for by paragraph 1 of this Article may be applied if this does not conflict with public interests and does not cause deterioration of the sanitary-hygienic condition of the living environment and working environment of people. At the same time, urban planning aesthetic parameters and the conditions for effective preservation/improvement of the existing engineering, transport and green infrastructure shall be taken into account.

3. The Mayor of Batumi Municipality shall adopt a decision on the application of the temporary supporting measure provided for by paragraph 1 of this Article only in the case of a positive recommendation of the Advisory Council. The rules of procedure of the Advisory Council shall be approved by the Batumi Municipality Council, while the composition of the Advisory Council shall be determined by the Mayor of Batumi Municipality.

Law of Georgia No. 1712 of 23 June 2022 – website, 5 July 2022.

Article 141⁷. Temporary rule for commissioning of construction carried out in violation of permit conditions within the administrative boundaries of Batumi Municipality🔗

1. The construction public supervision body is entitled to commission a completed building/structure within the administrative boundaries of Batumi Municipality, including an independently functioning completed object of a complex of buildings/structures (hereinafter – object), for which a construction permit was issued and the construction of which was carried out in violation of the agreed architectural project (including by change of development regulation parameters, violation of functional zoning) or on an incompatible land plot. This paragraph also applies to an object for which a construction permit has not been issued, but the construction of which was carried out within the area of an approved development regulation plan/detailed development plan, as well as to an individual residential house located on a land plot in private ownership (except for an object of commercial purpose and an object built in the area determined by the Batumi Municipality Sakrebulo after the entry into force of this article), the characteristics of which do not exceed the characteristics of a Class II building/structure and the construction of which was carried out without a construction permit or a construction notice.

2. Commissioning applies to an object for which a construction permit has been issued within the administrative boundaries of Batumi Municipality and the construction of which, as of 26 September 2022, is completed, as well as to an object for which a construction permit has not been issued, but which is located within the area of an approved development regulation plan/detailed development plan and the construction of which, as of 26 September 2022, is completed. Commissioning also applies to an individual residential house located on a land plot in private ownership (except for an object of commercial purpose and an object built in the area determined by the Batumi Municipality Sakrebulo after the entry into force of this article), the characteristics of which do not exceed the characteristics of a Class II building/structure, for which a construction permit has not been issued and the construction of which, as of 26 September 2022, is completed.

3. For the purposes of this article, a completed object is an object the construction works of the main structural system and exterior of which, except for facing and improvement works, are completed.

4. An interested person, for the purpose of commissioning the object, shall apply to the construction public supervision body within 2 years from the entry into force of this article.

5. An interested person, for the purpose of commissioning the object, shall submit an application to the construction public supervision body. The following documentation shall be attached to this application:

a) a topographic plan reflecting the current state of the object;

b) an extract from the public registry and the corresponding survey drawing of the land plot, on which the operational facility is shown;

c) the architectural design of the facility and a survey drawing reflecting the current condition of the facility;

d) photographs of the facility;

e) an expert opinion issued by an accredited inspection body confirming the stability and seismic resistance of the load-bearing structures of the facility;

f) where necessary − an expert opinion issued by an accredited inspection body on the design;

g) in the case of the internal layout of the facility or of finishing and improvement works having been carried out in violation − the consent of the relevant persons;

h) in the case of the absence of the mandatory number of parking spaces provided for by the agreed architectural design (where such an obligation exists under the agreed architectural design), and, in the absence of the said design − in the case of the absence of the number of parking spaces provided for by the legislation of Georgia for this facility − the consent of the relevant persons;

i) test reports of the technological equipment installed in the facility (lift, escalator and others);

j) in the case of a commercial facility whose characteristics exceed the characteristics of a Class II building/structure − a conclusion on compliance with the fire safety requirements in force at the time of issuance of the relevant construction permit.

6. For the purposes of subparagraphs „g“ and „h“ of paragraph 5 of this Article, the need for the consent of the relevant persons and the circle of such persons shall be determined by the construction public supervision body.

7. An interested person shall be entitled, in agreement with the Municipality of the City of Batumi, to carry out the finishing and improvement works provided for by subparagraph „g“ of paragraph 5 of this Article within 2 years from the entry into force of this Article, which does not require an additional construction permit. The works to be carried out as determined by this paragraph shall comply with the principles of the agreed architectural design, and, in the absence of a construction permit, with the principles of another agreed architectural design existing within the area of the approved development regulation plan/detailed development plan (where such a design exists).

8. In the process of commissioning the facility (except for an individual residential house), the principle of reasonable accommodation shall be taken into account in order to ensure the promotion of equality of persons with disabilities with other persons and the elimination of discrimination.

9. After the submission to the construction public supervision body of the documentation defined by paragraph 5 of this Article, it confirms the construction carried out in violation, taking into account the construction works performed. It shall be obliged, in accordance with the requirements of this Article, to adopt a decision on the commissioning of the facility or on refusal to commission the facility. The construction public supervision body shall adopt the decision provided for by this paragraph within 6 months from the submission to it of the relevant application. In the event of its failure to adopt the relevant decision, this period shall be extended by 6 months. The construction public supervision body shall be entitled, within the 6-month period defined by this paragraph, to identify the relevant defect not more than 2 times, to notify the applicant thereof and to set a period for him/her to remedy the said defect. Violation by the construction public supervision body of the period established for adopting a decision shall be considered a refusal to issue an administrative-legal act on the commissioning of the facility, in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 177 of the General Administrative Code of Georgia. Failure to adopt the said decision within this period does not restrict the right of a person to re-submit to the construction public supervision body an application for the purpose of commissioning the facility.

10. Commissioning of a facility in accordance with this Article does not mean:

a) the lawfulness of works carried out in violation of the boundary zone;

b) exemption from payment of the amount established for increasing the land plot development intensity coefficient (K-2).

11. Before the commissioning of a facility, in order to ensure its safety or proceeding from private and public interests, the construction public supervision body shall be entitled to require an interested person to submit additional documentation or to fulfil the relevant conditions directly related to the commissioning of this facility. Failure to submit the documentation required in accordance with this paragraph or failure to fulfil the relevant conditions may become grounds for refusal to commission the facility.

12. A construction offender who, before this Article entered into force, was held liable for committing a construction offence provided for by Articles 130–132 of this Code and Articles 43–45 of the Code of Product Safety and Free Movement within the administrative boundaries of Batumi Municipality (except for non-payment of the amount imposed for increasing the land plot development intensity coefficient (K-2)) and who, at the time this Article entered into force, has not paid or has partially paid the amount of the fine/penalty, shall be released from the obligation to pay the amount of the fine/penalty and/or its unpaid part, while a construction offender who, at the time this Article entered into force, has committed a construction offence provided for by Articles 130–132 of this Code and Articles 43–45 of the Code of Product Safety and Free Movement within the administrative boundaries of Batumi Municipality (except for non-payment of the amount imposed for increasing the land plot development intensity coefficient (K-2)) and in respect of whom proceedings for the construction offence have not been initiated or have been initiated but no resolution has been adopted, shall be released from the liability provided for by Articles 130–132 of this Code and Articles 43–45 of the Code of Product Safety and Free Movement.

13. A construction offender who, before this Article entered into force, in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 126 of this Code and paragraph 4 of Article 26 of the Code of Product Safety and Free Movement, was imposed a fine in triple amount for committing a construction offence within the administrative boundaries of Batumi Municipality and who has not paid it or has partially paid it, as well as a construction offender who was subject to the imposition of the fine in triple amount determined by the said articles and to whom, at the time this Article entered into force, it has not been imposed, shall be released from the obligation to pay the fine in triple amount or its unpaid part.

14. The public supervision body of construction:

a) in respect of a construction offender who, before this Article entered into force, was held liable for committing a construction offence in the field of construction activity, as provided for by paragraphs 12 and 13 of this Article, within the administrative boundaries of Batumi Municipality, and who, at the time this paragraph entered into force, has not paid or has partially paid the amount of the fine/penalty, declares invalid the resolution on imposing a fine on the construction offender and/or on charging a penalty to the construction offender;

b) in respect of a construction offender who, as at the moment of entry into force of this Article, has committed a construction offence in the sphere of construction activity provided for by paragraphs 12 and 13 of this Article, and in respect of whom proceedings for a construction offence have not been initiated, shall not initiate the relevant proceedings, and if proceedings for a construction offence have been initiated but no resolution has been adopted, shall adopt a resolution on the termination of the initiated proceedings for the construction offence.

15. Paragraphs 12–14 of this Article shall apply only to a person who, in violation of the law, carried out construction activity on the facility that will be put into operation in accordance with this Article.

16. The operation of this Article shall not apply to:

a) a Class V building/structure;

b) an immovable monument as defined by the Law of Georgia "On Cultural Heritage";

c) a subject whose activity, in accordance with the Environmental Assessment Code, is subject to environmental impact assessment;

d) a subject carrying out an activity provided for by the Resolution of the Government of Georgia "On Approval of Environmental Technical Regulations".

17. For the purposes of this Article, an interested person may be the original owner/customer (orderer), as well as any other interested person whose legitimate interest is substantiated both individually and in the form of a common/shared right/interest.

Law of Georgia of 31 May 2023 No. 2990 – website, 16 June 2023.

Article 141⁸. Legality of construction of an individual residential house and auxiliary building/structure built without authorization and/or in violation of the design🔗

1. An individual residential house with an auxiliary building/structure (if any), built before 1 December 2023 without authorization and/or in violation of the design on a land plot owned by a natural person, except for objects located in the geographical areas determined by the Government of Georgia for the purposes of this Article and within the administrative boundaries of Tbilisi Municipality, does not require legalization and shall be considered lawful.

2. The operation of paragraph 1 of this Article shall also extend to an individual residential house with an auxiliary building/structure (if any), located on a land plot, built before 1 December 2023 without authorization and/or in violation of the design, in respect of which the ownership right of a natural person is registered in accordance with the Law of Georgia “On the Rules for Systematic and Sporadic Registration of Rights to Land Plots and Improvement of Cadastral Data”.

3. In the case provided for by paragraph 1 of this Article, the fact that the object was built before 1 December 2023 shall be confirmed by the consent of the owner/owners of 2 adjacent or 3 non-adjacent land plots located in the same registration block, or by relevant information issued by the municipality, unless a fact contrary to the foregoing is established by data kept in the National Agency of Public Registry or by orthophoto (aerial photography).

4. During administrative proceedings in a case of a construction offence, the public construction supervision body shall adopt a Resolution on termination of the case of the construction offence if the construction of the object is considered lawful in accordance with this Article.

5. For the purposes of this Article, an individual residential house shall be considered a detached object of individual ownership with no more than 3 above-ground floors (excluding a mansard) — a building of residential function, which may be a combination of adjacent premises united (interconnected) in 1 structural system, creating a roofed space and bounded by walls and/or other enclosing structures. A house consisting of no more than 2 objects of individual ownership shall also be considered an individual residential house.

6. The operation of this Article shall not extend to a building/structure whose degree of dilapidation poses a threat to human life and/or health, on the basis of which the authorized body has adopted a decision on ensuring compliance of the building/structure with construction norms or on dismantling.

7. The operation of this Article shall extend to a fine imposed and accrued penalty charged in accordance with Chapter XV of this Code for the commission of the relevant construction offence, which have not been paid as of the moment this Article enters into force.

8. The operation of this Article shall not affect ongoing civil and/or criminal proceedings related to an object built without authorization and/or in violation of the design.

9. Additional criteria for recognizing individual residential houses located in the geographical areas provided for by the first paragraph of this article as lawful shall be approved by Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

Law of Georgia No. 4017 of 15 December 2023 – website, 28.12.2023.

Article 141⁹. Exemption from the liability established for the commission of certain construction offences provided for by Articles 131 and 132 of this Code🔗

1. The construction offender who, from 11 January 2024 until the entry into force of this article, was held liable for the commission of a construction offence provided for by paragraphs 1¹, 1², 2¹ and 3¹ of Article 131 and subparagraphs „c“ and „d“ of paragraph 1¹ and paragraph 1² of Article 132 of this Code, and who, before the entry into force of this article, has not paid or has partially paid the amount of the fine/penalty, shall be released from the obligation to pay the amount of the fine/penalty and/or its unpaid part. The construction offender in respect of whom, from 11 January 2024 until the entry into force of this article, proceedings for a construction offence have been initiated in connection with a construction offence provided for by paragraphs 1¹, 1², 2¹ and 3¹ of Article 131 and subparagraphs „c“ and „d“ of paragraph 1¹ and paragraph 1² of Article 132 of this Code, but no resolution has been adopted, shall also be released from the corresponding liability.

2. The construction public supervision body:

a) in respect of the construction offender who, before 1 July 2024, was held liable for the commission, between 11 January 2024 and 1 July 2024, of a construction offence provided for by paragraphs 1¹, 1², 2¹ and 3¹ of Article 131 and subparagraphs „c“ and „d“ of paragraph 1¹ and paragraph 1² of Article 132 of this Code, and who, before 1 July 2024, has not paid or has partially paid the amount of the fine/penalty, shall declare invalid the resolution on the imposition of a fine on the construction offender and/or on the accrual of a penalty to the construction offender;

b) in respect of the construction offender in respect of whom, from 11 January 2024 to 1 July 2024, proceedings for a construction offence have been initiated in connection with a construction offence provided for by paragraphs 1¹, 1², 2¹ and 3¹ of Article 131 and subparagraphs „c“ and „d“ of paragraph 1¹ and paragraph 1² of Article 132 of this Code, but no resolution has been adopted, shall adopt a resolution on the termination of the initiated proceedings for the construction offence.

3. The construction public supervision body, in respect of a person who has committed a construction offence and in respect of whom, in accordance with this article, a resolution on the imposition of a fine on the construction offender and/or on the accrual of a penalty to the construction offender has been declared invalid, or a resolution on the termination of the initiated proceedings for the construction offence has been adopted, shall carry out the measures provided for by the note to Article 112 of this Code.

Law of Georgia of 13 June 2024 No. 4279 – website, 27 June 2024.

Article 141¹⁰. Temporary rule for the development of a basic-thematic plan🔗

1. The Agency shall be entitled, until 31 December 2035, in consultation with the relevant municipality and upon the instruction of the Government of Georgia, to develop a basic-thematic plan for the planning unit defined by the same instruction.

2. A basic-thematic plan developed in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article shall be approved by the Government of Georgia upon submission by the Ministry.

3. The basic-thematic plan is a temporary, transitional plan whose purpose is, prior to the approval of the municipal/multi-municipal spatial planning plan and/or urban development plans for the territory to be planned, to establish appropriate basic, guiding preconditions for the development of this territory and for planning decisions. The task of the basic-thematic plan is to create the basic preconditions necessary for the development of this plan/these plans for the bodies authorised to approve the municipal/multi-municipal spatial planning plan and/or urban development plans, and to ensure the orderly/balanced development of the said territory prior to its/their approval.

4. The precondition for the development of a basic-thematic plan is the absence of a municipal/multi-municipal spatial planning plan and/or urban development plans for the territory to be planned and the need to determine general directions for establishing the strategic goals of the development of the territory to be planned.

5. The composition and the rules for the development of the basic-thematic plan shall be determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia.

6. The basic-thematic plan shall be effective for spatial planning purposes until the approval of the municipal/multi-municipal spatial planning plan for the territory to be planned, and for urban development purposes − until the approval of the urban development plans for the territory to be planned.

7. During its period of effect, the basic-thematic plan shall be a mandatory, guiding document for the bodies authorised to develop/approve the spatial planning plan and/or urban development plans of the relevant municipality and for the bodies issuing construction permits.

8. The Agency shall be entitled to commission another entity, in accordance with the legislation of Georgia, to develop the basic-thematic plan or part thereof and/or to prepare other documents related thereto.

Law of Georgia of 3 September 2025 No. 952– website, 05.09.2025.

Article 142. Subordinate normative acts to be adopted🔗

1. In connection with the entry into force of this Code, the Government of Georgia shall adopt the following Resolutions:

a) "On the Rules for Spatial Planning and the Elaboration of Urban Planning Plans";

b) "On the Basic Provisions for the Regulation of the Use and Development of Territories";

c) "On the Rules and Conditions for the Issuance of a Construction Permit and the Acceptance of a Building/Structure into Operation";

d) "On the Spatial Planning Information System";

e) "On the Organisation of Construction and Construction Safety";

f) "On the Determination of the Rules and Conditions for Establishing the Conceptual Compliance of Infrastructure and/or Other Similar Construction Projects Affecting the Spatial Planning of Georgia";

g) "On the Approval of the Technical Regulation on Construction Products";

h) (deleted – 20.12.2019, No. 5693);

i) "On the Rules for the Maintenance, by the Person Carrying Out Construction, of Documentation Reflecting the Construction Process";

j) "On the Minimum Insolation Requirements for Buildings/Structures";

k) "On the Rules for the Certification of Architects, Construction Engineers and Experts Carrying Out Technical Supervision of Construction";

l) "On the Rules for the Inspection of a Construction Site by an Accredited Inspection Body and a Certified Expert and the Insurance of Their Liability";

m) (deleted – 20.12.2019, No. 5693);

n) "On the Temporary Rules for the Expert Assessment of Permit Documentation and the Carrying Out of Technical Supervision".

2. The subordinate normative acts defined by subparagraphs "a"–"c", "g" and "n" of paragraph 1 of this Article shall be adopted by 3 June 2019.

3. The subordinate normative act defined by subparagraph "j" of paragraph 1 of this Article shall be adopted by 30 December 2021.

4. The subordinate normative act defined by subparagraph "k" of paragraph 1 of this Article shall be adopted by 1 March 2022.

5. The subordinate normative act defined by subparagraph "i" of paragraph 1 of this Article shall be adopted by 1 April 2020.

6. The subordinate normative acts defined by subparagraphs "e" and "f" of paragraph 1 of this Article shall be adopted by 1 May 2020.

7. The subordinate normative act defined by subparagraph "l" of paragraph 1 of this Article shall be adopted by 1 March 2022.

8. The subordinate normative act defined by subparagraph "d" of paragraph 1 of this Article shall be adopted by 1 January 2022.

9. When elaborating the subordinate normative act defined by subparagraph "e" of paragraph 1 of this Article, the requirements of EU Directive 92/57/EEC shall be taken into account.

10. When elaborating the subordinate normative act defined by subparagraph "g" of paragraph 1 of this Article, the requirements laid down by EU Regulation 305/2011 shall be taken into account.

11. The Government of Georgia shall, by 3 June 2019, ensure the compliance of the relevant normative acts with this Code.

12. The Government of Georgia shall ensure the submission to the Parliament of Georgia, before 1 June 2019, of the draft Law of Georgia on Energy Efficiency of Buildings.

Law of Georgia No. 4748 of 30 May 2019 – website, 30.05.2019.

Article 143. Invalid normative act🔗

From 3 June 2019, the Law of Georgia of 2 June 2005 "On the Fundamentals of Spatial Planning and Urban Development" shall be declared invalid (Legislative Herald of Georgia, No. 30, 24.06.2005, Art. 186).

Article 144. Entry into force of the Code🔗

1. This Code, except Articles 1–141 of this Code, shall enter into force upon publication.

2. Articles 1–13, 15–21, 23–139 and 141 of this Code shall enter into force from 3 June 2019.

3. Article 22 of this Code shall enter into force from 1 May 2020.

4. Article 140 of this Code shall enter into force from 1 October 2022.

5. Article 14 of this Code shall enter into force from 1 January 2022.

6. The operation of paragraph 1 of Article 88 of this Code shall be suspended until 31 December 2024.

7. The operation of Article 140 of this Code shall be suspended until 1 September 2026.

Law of Georgia No. 5693 of 20 December 2019 – website, 26.12.2019.

Law of Georgia No. 1896 of 7 October 2022 – website, 10.10.2022.

Law of Georgia No. 4080 of 7 March 2024 – website, 14.03.2024.

Law of Georgia No. 968 of 15 October 2025 – website, 16.10.2025.

President of Georgia Giorgi Margvelashvili

Kutaisi,

20 July 2018

N3213-rs