On Normative Acts

Organic Law of Georgia

On Normative Acts

Constitutional Law of Georgia of 13 October 2017 No. 1324 – website, 19.10.2017.

Article 1. Scope of regulation of the Law🔗

1. This Law determines the types of normative acts, their hierarchy, the place of international treaties and agreements of Georgia in the system of normative acts of Georgia, and the general rules for the preparation, adoption (issuance), publication, operation, recording and systematisation of normative acts.

2. The procedure for the preparation, conclusion, ratification, publication, performance, denunciation and annulment of an international treaty and agreement of Georgia shall be determined by the Constitution of Georgia, this Law, the Law of Georgia "On International Treaties of Georgia" and the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament of Georgia.

3. Unless otherwise provided by law, the types of administrative proceedings provided for by the General Administrative Code of Georgia shall not apply to the preparation and adoption (issuance) of normative acts (except for a normative act of a collegial body).

4. The rules for the preparation and adoption (issuance) of a normative act of a collegial body shall be determined by this Law, Chapter VII of the General Administrative Code of Georgia and other legislative acts.

5. The procedure for the preparation, adoption (issuance), publication and operation of normative acts of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and the Autonomous Republic of Adjara shall be determined by the Constitutional Law of Georgia, this Law, their constitutions and the respective normative acts adopted (issued) on their basis.

Article 2. Concept and types of a legal act🔗

1. A legal act is an act adopted (issued) by an authorised state or municipal body (official) in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, which is binding for performance.

2. The types of a legal act are a normative act and an individual act.

3. A normative act is a legal act adopted (issued) by an authorised state body (official) or a representative body of a municipality in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, which contains a general rule of conduct for its permanent or temporary and repeated application.

4. An individual legal act is of a one-time nature and shall comply with a normative act. An individual legal act shall be adopted (issued) only on the basis of a normative act and within the limits established by it.

5. It shall be inadmissible to adopt (issue) a legal act of normative content in the form of an individual legal act and to adopt (issue) a legal act of individual content in the form of a normative act.

6. A code is a systematised normative act of legal norms regulating defined (homogeneous) public relations.

Organic Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 6867 – website, 28.07.2020.

Article 3. Scope of operation of a normative act🔗

1. A normative act of Georgia shall operate throughout the entire territory of Georgia, unless otherwise provided by this normative act itself, and shall be binding for execution.

2. Normative acts of an autonomous republic (constitution of an autonomous republic, constitutional law of an autonomous republic, law of an autonomous republic, rules of procedure of the supreme representative body of an autonomous republic, resolution of the supreme representative body of an autonomous republic, resolution of the government of an autonomous republic, order of a minister of an autonomous republic and resolution of the supreme election commission of an autonomous republic) shall operate throughout the entire territory of the autonomous republic, unless otherwise provided by this normative act itself, and shall be binding for execution.

3. A normative act of a representative body of a municipality shall operate and be binding for execution within the administrative boundaries of the municipality, except for cases determined by law.

4. A normative act shall operate in respect of citizens of Georgia, stateless persons and aliens present in Georgia, unless otherwise provided by an international treaty or agreement of Georgia or by a legislative act.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2011 No. 5545 – website, 28.12.2011.

Organic Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 6867 – website, 28.07.2020.

Article 4. Use of the state language in a normative act🔗

A normative act shall be prepared, issued and published in the Georgian language, while normative acts of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and of the representative body of municipalities located in its territory – also in the Abkhaz language. A normative act may also be published in a non-state language, but such a text has no official force.

Organic Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 6867 – website, 28.07.2020.

Article 5. Analogy in a normative act🔗

1. For regulating a private-law relationship not directly provided for by law, the legal norm regulating the most similar relationship shall be applied (analogy of statute). In public-law relationships, analogy of statute shall be applied only in cases directly provided for by law and in accordance with the established procedure.

2. Where application of analogy of statute is impossible, the private-law relationship shall be regulated on the basis of the entire system of law and general principles (analogy of law).

3. Special (exceptional) norms may not be applied by analogy.

Article 6. Calculation of time limits in a normative act🔗

When calculating the time limits specified in this Law (except for the time limits determined by the Constitution of Georgia and the time limit established for the entry into force of a normative act), public holidays and rest days established by the legislation of Georgia shall not be counted. In the case of legal expertise and publication of a normative act (draft normative act), the calculation of time limits shall begin on the next working day after the transfer of the normative act (draft normative act) to the authorized body or after the issuance of the legal opinion.

Law of Georgia of 19 April 2011 No. 4563 – website, 05.05.2011.

Organic Law of Georgia of 29 May 2019 No. 4618 – website, 05.06.2019.

Article 7. Interrelation of Normative Acts🔗

1. The normative acts of Georgia are divided into legislative and subordinate normative acts of Georgia, which constitute the legislation of Georgia. The normative acts of Georgia also include the constitutional agreement of Georgia and the international treaty and agreement of Georgia.

2. The types of legislative acts of Georgia are:

a) the Constitution of Georgia, the constitutional law of Georgia;

b) the organic law of Georgia, a decree of the President of Georgia;

c) a law of Georgia, the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament of Georgia.

3. The following hierarchy applies to the legislative acts of Georgia, the constitutional agreement of Georgia and the international treaty and agreement of Georgia:

a) the Constitution of Georgia, the constitutional law of Georgia;

b) the constitutional agreement of Georgia;

c) the international treaty and agreement of Georgia;

d) the organic law of Georgia, a decree of the President of Georgia;

e) a law of Georgia, the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament of Georgia.

4. The constitutional agreement of Georgia shall fully comply with the universally recognised principles and norms of international law, in particular, in the field of human rights and fundamental freedoms. The constitutional agreement of Georgia, if it does not contradict the Constitution of Georgia and the constitutional law, has superior legal force with respect to all other normative acts.

5. An international treaty and agreement of Georgia that has entered into force in compliance with the requirements established by the Constitution of Georgia and the Law of Georgia "On International Treaties of Georgia", if they do not contradict the Constitution of Georgia and the constitutional law, as well as the constitutional agreement of Georgia, has superior legal force with respect to domestic normative acts.

6. A normative act shall not contradict a decision adopted as a result of a referendum.

7. Legislative acts of Georgia have superior legal force with respect to subordinate normative acts of Georgia.

8. In the event of a contradiction between normative acts of equal legal force, preference is given to the normative act adopted (issued) later.

9. Unless otherwise provided by this Law, the adoption (issuance) of a subordinate normative act may be carried out by the adopting (issuing) body (official) within the scope of its competence, only for the purpose of implementing a legislative act and in the case where this is directly provided for by a legislative act. A subordinate normative act shall indicate on the basis of which legislative act and for the purpose of implementing which act it was adopted (issued).

10. An ordinance of the President of Georgia has superior legal force with respect to a resolution of the Parliament of Georgia and normative acts of executive authority bodies (officials).

11. The legal force of normative acts of executive authorities (officials) shall be determined in accordance with the hierarchy of these bodies (officials) within the executive branch.

12. Taking into account the principle of separation of powers:

a) normative acts of Georgia have superior legal force with respect to the normative acts of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and the Autonomous Republic of Ajara;

b) a normative act of the President of Georgia has superior legal force with respect to the normative acts of the executive authorities (officials) of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and the Autonomous Republic of Ajara;

c) normative acts of Georgia have superior legal force with respect to the normative acts of a municipality.

Organic Law of Georgia No. 4618 of 29 May 2019 – website, 5 June 2019

Organic Law of Georgia No. 6867 of 15 July 2020 – website, 28 July 2020

Article 7¹. Legal nature of the interpretations of the European Court of Human Rights🔗

In applying the norms of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its additional protocols, the interpretations of the European Court of Human Rights shall be considered official interpretations of the norms of this Convention and its additional protocols, and a person applying the said norms may rely on these interpretations.

Organic Law of Georgia No. 1916 of 18 October 2022 – website, 24 October 2022

Article 8. Scope of regulation of a legislative act of Georgia🔗

Only by a legislative act of Georgia may the following be determined:

a) matters the resolution of which, in accordance with the Constitution of Georgia, is provided for by an Organic Law of Georgia or a Law of Georgia;

b) the conditions and procedure for the exercise and protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, matters of legal liability and the application of measures of coercion;

c) the list of personal data of citizens to be entered in the civil register;

d) the conditions for the creation of legal entities and the general rules for their activity;

e) the procedure for the creation and activity of bodies of legislative, executive and judicial power;

f) the types, structure and amount of taxes and fees, and the procedure for their introduction and payment;

g) the legal status of mass media;

h) the procedure for electing bodies of state power and municipal bodies;

i) criminal, criminal procedure, civil, civil procedure, administrative, administrative procedure, penitentiary legislation, labour and entrepreneurial legislation;

j) the structure, powers and procedure of activity of the Government of Georgia, as well as the procedure for the creation of the ministries of Georgia, other state agencies of the executive power, the highest state control body and other state control bodies;

k) the procedure for the preparation, adoption and entry into force of the Law on the State Budget;

l) the procedure for approving the number of the Defence Forces of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 31 October 2018 No. 3613 – website, 21 November 2018.

Organic Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 6867 – website, 28 July 2020.

Article 9. Authority to adopt/issue a joint normative act🔗

In cases provided for by a legislative act of Georgia and a normative act of the Government of Georgia, bodies/officials having the authority to adopt/issue normative acts may adopt/issue a joint normative act.

Law of Georgia of 20 September 2013 No. 1157 – website, 8 October 2013.

Article 10. Normative Acts of the Parliament of Georgia🔗

1. The Constitution of Georgia is the supreme law of the state. It has superior legal force in relation to other legal acts. All other legal acts shall comply with the Constitution of Georgia.

2. A Constitutional Law of Georgia is an integral part of the Constitution of Georgia. A Constitutional Law of Georgia shall be adopted when determining the territorial state structure of Georgia in the case provided for by paragraph 3 of Article 7 of the Constitution of Georgia, when determining the status of autonomous republics, and when revising the Constitution of Georgia.

3. The Parliament of Georgia approves the Constitutional Agreement, which, on behalf of Georgia, is concluded with the Georgian Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church by the President of Georgia with the prior consent of the Government of Georgia.

4. Only the Parliament of Georgia is authorized to ratify, denounce and annul international treaties and agreements of Georgia.

5. An Organic Law of Georgia shall be adopted only on those matters the regulation of which is provided for by an Organic Law of Georgia in accordance with the Constitution of Georgia.

6. A Law of Georgia may be adopted on any matter within the governance of Georgia, unless otherwise provided by the Constitution of Georgia.

7. The Parliament of Georgia shall transmit the adopted law to the President of Georgia within 10 days.

8. The President of Georgia shall, within 2 weeks after the law is transmitted to the President, sign and publish a Constitutional Law, an Organic Law and a Law of Georgia or return it to the Parliament of Georgia with motivated remarks, except for the cases provided for by paragraph 8¹ of this Article. If the Parliament of Georgia accepts the remarks of the President of Georgia, the final version of the law shall be transmitted to the President of Georgia within 5 days, who shall sign and publish it within 5 days. If the Parliament of Georgia does not accept the remarks of the President of Georgia, a vote shall be held on the original version of the law, and if it is adopted, the law shall be transmitted to the President of Georgia within 3 days, who shall sign and publish it within 5 days. If the President of Georgia does not publish the law within the established period, the Chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia shall sign and publish it within 5 days after the expiry of this period.

8¹. If a Constitutional Law of Georgia is adopted by the Parliament of Georgia by not less than two thirds of its full composition and, within 10 days after its approval in an unchanged form by the Parliament of Georgia of the next convocation, it shall be transmitted to the President of Georgia for signature, who shall sign and publish it within 5 days after transmission, without the right to return it to the Parliament with remarks. A Constitutional Law of Georgia related to the restoration of territorial integrity shall, within 10 days after adoption, be transmitted to the President of Georgia for signature, who shall sign and publish it within 2 weeks after transmission, without the right to return it to the Parliament of Georgia with remarks.

9. A Resolution of the Parliament of Georgia is a normative act adopted in a case directly provided for by a legislative act of Georgia. Only that Resolution of the Parliament of Georgia which concerns personnel or personal matters is non-normative. Other cases of adoption of a non-normative Resolution of the Parliament of Georgia shall be determined by the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament of Georgia.

10. The Rules of Procedure of the Parliament of Georgia is a legislative act having the force of law, the preparation and adoption of which is carried out in accordance with the procedure established for the preparation and adoption of a Law of Georgia and which is considered adopted if it is supported by a majority of the full composition of the Parliament of Georgia. The Rules of Procedure of the Parliament of Georgia shall determine the powers, structure, rules of work of the Parliament of Georgia and of its relations with the executive authority of Georgia. The Rules of Procedure of the Parliament of Georgia shall be signed and published by the Chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 4 May 2010 No 3047 - LHG I, No 25, 17.05.2010, Art. 168

Law of Georgia of 20 September 2013 No 1157 – website, 08.10.2013

Law of Georgia of 29 June 2018 No 2761 – website, 19.07.2018

Article 11. Normative acts of the President of Georgia🔗

1. The President of Georgia shall issue a Decree and an Edict, as well as, as the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces of Georgia, an Order, within the scope of and on the basis of the powers conferred by the Constitution of Georgia.

2. (Removed - 20.09.2013, No 1157).

3. A Decree of the President of Georgia is a normative act (except for decrees concerning personnel and personal matters).

4. An Order of the President of Georgia, as the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces of Georgia, may be both a normative act and an individual legal act.

5. An Edict of the President of Georgia is a normative act having the force of an organic law, which is issued in cases provided for by the Constitution of Georgia.

6. An Edict of the President of Georgia shall not contradict the Constitution of Georgia, a constitutional law, a constitutional agreement and an international treaty.

7. The President of Georgia is entitled to conclude a constitutional agreement of Georgia.

8. A normative act of the President of Georgia which requires countersignature shall be published and shall produce legal consequences only after countersignature. The rule of countersignature shall be determined by the Law of Georgia “On the Structure, Powers and Rules of Activity of the Government of Georgia”.

Law of Georgia of 20 September 2013 No 1157 – website, 08.10.2013

Law of Georgia of 5 September 2018 No 3374 – website, 21.09.2018

Law of Georgia of 31 October 2018 No 3613 – website, 21.11.2018

Article 12. Normative act of the Government of Georgia🔗

1. A Resolution of the Government of Georgia shall be adopted on the basis of and for the implementation of the Constitution and laws of Georgia. A Resolution of the Government of Georgia shall indicate on the basis of which normative act and for the implementation of which it was adopted. A Resolution of the Government of Georgia shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure established by this Law and the Law of Georgia “On the Structure, Powers and Rules of Activity of the Government of Georgia”.

2. The Government of Georgia shall also adopt a resolution if the relevant matter is not regulated by a legislative act of Georgia (except where the matter falls within the powers of another body) and its adoption is necessitated by urgent necessity. A Resolution of the Government of Georgia adopted in accordance with this paragraph shall lose force from the day of entry into force of the subordinate normative act adopted/issued on the basis of the legislative act provided for by paragraph 3 of this Article, unless otherwise provided by law or if this resolution is declared invalid before the entry into force of the subordinate normative act provided for by paragraph 3 of this Article.

3. The Government of Georgia shall, no later than 1 month after the adoption of the normative act provided for by paragraph 2 of this Article, submit to the Parliament of Georgia a draft legislative act which provides for the authority of the Government of Georgia or another body/official to adopt/issue a subordinate normative act on the relevant matter. If the Parliament of Georgia does not adopt the relevant draft law within 3 months of its submission, the Resolution of the Government of Georgia shall be considered invalid. In this case, the Government of Georgia shall no longer have the right to adopt a resolution on the same matter.

Law of Georgia of 20 September 2013 No. 1157 – website, 08.10.2013.

Article 13. Normative act of a Minister of Georgia🔗

1. An Order of a Minister of Georgia may be issued only in the cases and within the scope determined by a legislative act of Georgia, a normative act of the President of Georgia and a Resolution of the Government of Georgia. An Order of a Minister of Georgia shall indicate on the basis of which normative act and for the implementation of which it was issued.

2. Structural units of a Ministry of Georgia and state sub-agency institutions of its system and legal entities of public law shall not have the right to issue a normative act, except for the exceptions provided for by law.

Law of Georgia of 20 September 2013 No. 1157 – website, 08.10.2013.

Article 13¹. Normative acts of the head of a state institution of special purpose and of the head of a state sub-agency institution🔗

A normative act of the head of a state institution of special purpose or of the head of a state sub-agency institution falling within the sphere of governance of that institution may be issued in the cases and within the scope determined by a legislative act of Georgia and/or a resolution of the Government of Georgia. The said normative act shall indicate on the basis of which normative act and for the implementation of which normative act it was issued.

Law of Georgia No. 488 of 22 March 2017 – website, 27.03.2017.

Law of Georgia No. 781 of 26 June 2025 – website, 27.06.2025.

Article 14. Other normative acts of Georgia🔗

The authority to adopt (issue) other normative acts of Georgia shall be determined by the relevant legislative acts.

Article 15. Body authorised to prepare a normative act🔗

1. A draft law or a draft other normative act shall be prepared, respectively, by a subject entitled to legislative initiative or to submit a draft normative act, or by the body (official) itself authorised to adopt (issue) the normative act. A draft Rules of Procedure of the Parliament, as well as a draft on amending the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament, shall be prepared and submitted by a member of Parliament, a parliamentary faction, or a parliamentary committee.

2. A subject entitled to legislative initiative or to submit a draft normative act, or the body (official) itself authorised to adopt (issue) the normative act, shall be entitled to commission the preparation of a draft normative act to a state or non-state organisation or institution (including a foreign institution), an individual specialist or a group of specialists (including foreigners).

Law of Georgia No. 4563 of 19 April 2011 – website, 05.05.2011.

Article 15¹. Rule for the drafting, adoption (issuance), sending and transmission of a draft normative act🔗

The drafting of a draft normative act, the adoption (issuance), sending or transmission of a normative act by a body (official) authorised to adopt (issue) a normative act shall be carried out using automated management tools.

Law of Georgia No. 5545 of 20 December 2011 – website, 28.12.2011.

Article 16. Structure of a normative act🔗

1. A normative act contains a main part and final provisions, and, if necessary, also transitional provisions.

2. A normative act may have a preamble. It sets out the purpose and principles of this normative act that underlie it; if the act is subordinate, the preamble must indicate for the implementation of which normative act it was issued.

3. In a normative act, general norms must precede special norms.

4. A normative act may contain transitional provisions if norms different from the main ones are established for a definite term or if certain conditions and time are necessary for this normative act to fully enter into force.

5. The final provisions of a normative act contain a list of those normative acts that lose force from the moment of entry into force of this normative act, the time of entry into force of the act, and its term of validity (if it is adopted (issued) for a definite term).

6. If the setting of rates and/or amounts of tax, customs duty, fee, tariff, charge is possible separately from the corresponding norm of the text of the normative act – in the form of schemes, tables, lists or another form, then it/they must be attached to the normative act in the form of an annex. Only in the form of an annex shall schemes, tables, lists, cells, images and a.y.. be attached to a normative act. The annex of a normative act is published together with the normative act and is part of it.

6¹. In the manner determined by the Budget Code of Georgia, a normative act related to the approval of the annual budget of the state, the republican budget of an autonomous republic or a municipality, which consists of a table and a textual part directly related to each other, may be adopted (issued) as the main part of a normative act.

7. A normative act consists of articles. An article may be divided into paragraphs (in a code – into parts), and a paragraph – into subparagraphs; if necessary, a subparagraph may be divided into several subparagraphs. Articles, taking into account substantive proximity, may be grouped into chapters. Chapters may be combined into titles (in a code – into books). A title (book) and a chapter must have a heading, while an article may have a heading. A paragraph (part) and a subparagraph have no heading.

8. The numbering of titles (books), chapters, articles and paragraphs (parts), as well as the alphabetical sequence of subparagraphs, is continuous. In numbering titles (books) and chapters, Roman numerals are used, while in numbering articles and paragraphs – Arabic numerals. The sequence of subparagraphs is indicated by letters of the Georgian alphabet.

8¹. In the manner determined by the Budget Code of Georgia, the further division of the articles of a normative act related to the approval of the annual budget of the state, the republican budget of an autonomous republic or a municipality may also be carried out with a structure and numbering different from that provided for by paragraphs 7 and 8 of this article.

9. When referring in a normative act to another normative act, the type and title of the normative act, the Article, paragraph (part) and subparagraph shall be indicated, and, if necessary, the sentence as well. When referring in a normative act to any provision of the same normative act, only the Article, paragraph (part) and subparagraph shall be indicated, and, if necessary, the sentence as well.

10. In the event of removal and/or declaration as invalid of a Title (Book), Chapter, Article, paragraph (part) or subparagraph in a normative act, for the purpose of maintaining the continuity of the numbering (alphabetical sequence) of the normative act, when publishing the normative act, in place of the removed and/or invalid Title (Book), Chapter, Article, paragraph (part) or subparagraph, the date of adoption (issuance) of that normative act and the registration number assigned by the adopting (issuing) body (official) by which the Title (Book), Chapter, Article, paragraph (part) or subparagraph was removed and/or declared invalid shall be indicated.

11. In the event of addition of a Title (Book), Chapter, Article, paragraph (part) or subparagraph in a normative act, for the purpose of maintaining the continuity of the numbering, as well as the alphabetical sequence, of the normative act, the number of the preceding Title (Book), Chapter, Article, paragraph (part) or the letter designating the subparagraph shall be indicated with an additional digit, respectively (prime Title (Book), Chapter, Article, paragraph (part) or subparagraph).

12. The following shall be determined in a normative act:

a) normative acts that shall be declared invalid in the event of adoption (issuance) of this normative act;

b) normative acts whose adoption (issuance) is necessary in connection with this normative act, the time limit for their adoption (issuance) and the designation of the adopting (issuing) body (official).

Law of Georgia of 4 May 2010 No. 3047 - LHG I, No. 25, 17 May 2010, Art. 168

Organic Law of Georgia of 29 May 2019 No. 4607 – website, 5 June 2019

Organic Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 6867 – website, 28 July 2020

Article 17. Documents attached to a draft normative act🔗

1. A draft law shall be accompanied by an explanatory note, which shall reflect:

a) General information about the draft law. It shall indicate:

a.a) The reason for adopting the draft law:

a.a.a) The problem that the draft law aims to solve;

a.a.b) The necessity of adopting the law to solve the existing problem;

a.b) The expected results of the draft law;

a.c) The main substance of the draft law;

a.d) The connection of the draft law with the government programme and the action plan existing in the relevant field, if any (in the case of a draft law initiated by the Government of Georgia);

a.e) The principle for selecting the date of entry into force of the draft law, and in the case of granting retroactive force to the law − the relevant justification in this regard;

a.f) The reasons for considering the draft law under an expedited procedure and the relevant justification (if the initiator requests consideration of the draft law under an expedited procedure);

b) Assessment of the financial impact of the draft law in the medium term (the year of entry into force of the draft law and the following 3 years). It shall indicate:

b.a) The source of financing for the expenses necessary in connection with the adoption of the draft law;

b.b) The impact of the draft law on the revenue part of the state budget, the republican budget of an autonomous republic and/or the municipal budget;

b.c) The impact of the draft law on the expenditure part of the state budget, the republican budget of an autonomous republic and/or the municipal budget;

b.d) New financial obligations of the state, indicating the direct financial obligations (domestic or foreign obligations) to be assumed by the state or an agency within its system as a result of the impact of the draft law;

b.e) The expected financial consequences of the draft law for the persons to whom the draft law applies, indicating the nature and direction of the impact on those natural and legal persons on whom the actions defined by the draft law are expected to have a direct impact;

b.f) The amount of the tax, fee or other type of payment (monetary contribution) established by the draft law to the relevant budget and the principle for determining the amount;

b¹) Assessment of the impact of the draft law on the legal status of the child;

b²) Assessment of the expected impact of the draft law on the state of equality between women and men;

c) The relation of the draft law to international legal standards. It shall indicate:

c.a) The relation of the draft law to European Union law;

c.b) The relation of the draft law to the obligations related to Georgia's membership in international organizations;

c.c) The relation of the draft law to Georgia's bilateral and multilateral contracts and agreements, as well as, in the case of the existence of such a contract/agreement to which the preparation of the draft law is linked, − its relevant Article and/or paragraph;

c.d) where available, the legal act of the European Union, the obligation to approximate with which derives from the "Association Agreement between Georgia, on the one hand, and the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the other hand" or from other bilateral and multilateral treaties of Georgia concluded with the European Union;

d) consultations held in the process of preparing the draft law. It shall state:

d.a) the state, non-state and/or international organisation/institution, expert or working group that participated in the elaboration of the draft law, if any;

d.b) the assessment of the draft law by the organisation/institution, working group or expert participating in the elaboration of the draft law, if any;

d.c) the experience of other countries in the field of implementation of laws similar to the draft law, an overview of the experience that was used as an example in preparing the draft law, where such an overview has been prepared;

e) the author of the draft law;

f) the initiator of the draft law.

1¹. The methodology for the financial impact of a draft law defined by subparagraph "b" of paragraph 1 of this Article shall be approved by a Resolution of the Parliament of Georgia.

1². In the case provided for by Article 17¹ of this Law, instead of the information provided for by subparagraphs "a.a" and "a.b" of paragraph 1 of this Article of the explanatory note, a regulatory impact assessment report shall be attached to the draft normative act, which shall reflect:

a) the essence and analysis of the existing problem that the draft law aims to solve, and its causes;

b) the objective planned to be achieved by the regulation;

c) alternative options for achieving the objective, their analysis and impact assessment, including the expected outcome of regulating the matter by non-normative means or leaving the existing situation unchanged;

d) arguments confirming the advantage of the chosen option for achieving the objective; the expected economic, fiscal, social, environmental, security-related and/or other consequences and risks of the draft law in relation to the expected consequences and risks of regulating the matter by non-normative means and/or leaving the existing situation unchanged;

e) other significant factors and circumstances that gave rise to the preparation of the draft law and that will be affected by the draft law;

f) a detailed description of the process of preparing the draft law; a brief analysis of the main opinions received in the course of consultations and a summary of the consequences of taking them into account and/or not taking them into account;

g) the means of enforcing the law and the role and functions of the bodies/institutions responsible for its enforcement;

h) the means of monitoring and evaluating the enforcement of the law.

2. The following shall also be attached to the draft law:

a) the opinion of an independent expert on the draft law, if any;

b) the opinion of a lobbyist registered with the relevant body in accordance with the procedure established by law, on the draft law, if any;

c) all documents of assessment/recommendation/comment, including the document reflecting the assessment/recommendation/comment that was not taken into account by the author/initiator of the draft law, if any;

d) additional information, including research, analysis and any other source that served as the basis for the preparation of the draft law, if any;

e) the draft on introducing amendments to the legislative act to which the draft law gives rise to the introduction of amendments, and they shall be submitted in the form of a legislative package;

f) if the European Union legal act provided for by subparagraph “c.d” of paragraph 1 of this Article exists, a table of compliance with it, in accordance with Annex No. 1.

3. A draft law submitted by a committee of the Parliament of Georgia by way of legislative initiative shall be accompanied by a copy of the minutes of the committee sitting, which shall indicate the decision taken on its submission.

4. A draft law submitted by the Government of Georgia by way of legislative initiative shall be accompanied by an extract from the minutes of the sitting of the Government of Georgia, which shall indicate the decision taken on its submission. A draft law submitted by the supreme representative bodies of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and the Autonomous Republic of Adjara by way of legislative initiative shall be accompanied by an extract from the minutes of the sitting of the representative body, which shall indicate the decision taken on its submission.

5. A draft subordinate normative act shall be accompanied by:

a) an explanatory note, which shall reflect:

a.a) the reason for the adoption (issuance) of the draft normative act, its characteristic main features, the financial-economic calculation of the consequences that the adoption (issuance) of the submitted draft will cause. The explanatory note shall also indicate the author (authors) and the submitter of the draft normative act;

a.b) if any, the European Union legal act with which the obligation of approximation derives from the “Association Agreement between Georgia, on the one hand, and the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the other hand” or from other bilateral and multilateral treaties of Georgia concluded with the European Union;

a.c) an assessment of the expected impact of the draft subordinate normative act on the state of equality between women and men;

a¹) if the European Union legal act provided for by subparagraph “a.b” of this paragraph exists, a table of compliance with it, in accordance with Annex No. 1;

b) the draft on introducing amendments to another normative act, which the adoption (issuance) of the submitted draft will cause;

c) the opinion of the state body established by the legislation of Georgia on the compliance of the submitted draft with the Constitution of Georgia and normative acts having superior legal force;

d) assessment of the impact of a normative act on the legal status of the child (in the case of a normative act developed by the Government of Georgia or a representative body of a municipality.

6. The assessment of the impact of a draft normative act on the state of equality between women and men (if such impact is expected to occur) provided for by subparagraph „b2“ of paragraph 1 of this Article and subparagraph „a.c“ of paragraph 5 shall include the substantiation of that positive or negative impact and/or information on that positive or negative impact which, in the opinion of the author/initiator of the draft normative act, the adoption of the normative act may have on the state of equality between women and men. If, in the opinion of the author/initiator of the draft normative act, the adoption of the normative act is not expected to have an impact on the state of equality between women and men, he/she shall note this in the relevant part of the explanatory note. The adoption of a normative act is expected to have an impact on the state of equality between women and men if, in the opinion of the author/initiator of the draft normative act:

a) new and/or specific rights, obligations or opportunities are established which, after the adoption of the normative act, will arise for a woman or a man in a differentiated and/or unequal manner;

b) changes are made which directly or indirectly follow from the draft normative act and unequally restrict or facilitate differentiated and/or unequal access for a woman or a man to education, employment, health care, social protection, protection from violence, income and other benefits, as well as to participation in social, economic and political processes;

c) other impact of the draft normative act on the legal or de facto equality of women and men is expected.

7. The assessment of the impact of a draft normative act on the state of equality between women and men provided for by subparagraph „b2“ of paragraph 1 of this Article and subparagraph „a.c“ of paragraph 5 (if, in the opinion of the author/initiator of the draft normative act, such impact is expected to occur) may include reference to those relevant facts, sources of information and/or evidence according to which it is possible to assess the circumstances defined by paragraph 6 of this Article and by which the author/initiator of the draft normative act was guided.

Law of Georgia of 19 April 2011 No. 4563 – website, 05.05.2011.

Law of Georgia of 22 June 2012 No. 6536 – website, 03.07.2012.

Law of Georgia of 28 December 2012 No. 190 – website, 30.12.2012.

Law of Georgia of 13 June 2018 No. 2515 – website, 22.06.2018.

Law of Georgia of 6 December 2018 No. 3876 – website, 14.12.2018.

Organic Law of Georgia of 29 May 2019 No. 4607 – website, 05.06.2019.

Organic Law of Georgia of 20 September 2019 No. 5007 – website, 27.09.2019.

Organic Law of Georgia No. 5907 of 21 May 2020 – website, 25.05.2020.

Organic Law of Georgia No. 6868 of 15 July 2020 – website, 28.07.2020.

Organic Law of Georgia No. 1647 of 9 June 2022 – website, 23.06.2022.

Organic Law of Georgia No. 2431 of 15 December 2022 – website, 27.12.2022.

Organic Law of Georgia No. 441 of 2 April 2025 – website, 04.04.2025.

Article 17¹. Regulatory Impact Assessment🔗

1. Regulatory Impact Assessment is mandatory:

a) when preparing a draft law on amending a legislative act included in the list of legislative acts periodically determined by a Resolution of the Government of Georgia, if the initiator of this draft law is the Government of Georgia;

b) in individual cases, by a decision of the Government of Georgia, when a draft law is prepared by an institution of the executive authority of Georgia.

2. The requirement of paragraph 1 of this article shall not apply if the respective draft law:

a) concerns budgetary matters (including being the draft annual budget law), matters of state security, defence, penitentiary, execution of non-custodial sentences and probation;

b) concerns a change of a date (term) provided for by law or a change of a terminological nature, another technical change or correction of a defect existing in the law, and does not change the general principles and main provisions of the law;

c) provides for compliance with a legislative act of Georgia having superior legal force, a constitutional agreement of Georgia, an international treaty of Georgia and/or a decision of the Constitutional Court of Georgia;

d) is included in a legislative package as an accompanying draft law and does not contain matters not provided for by the main draft law included in the package.

3. In a special case, when delay in the preparation and submission of a draft law is unjustified, the Government of Georgia, on the basis of a reasoned proposal, may fully or partially exempt the relevant institution of the executive authority of Georgia from the obligation to conduct a Regulatory Impact Assessment when preparing a draft legislative act included in the list provided for by subparagraph "a" of paragraph 1 of this article.

4. In addition to the cases provided for by paragraph 1 of this article, a Regulatory Impact Assessment may also be carried out when preparing a draft of any normative (including subordinate) act, by a decision of its author/initiator — the Government of Georgia or a state institution of the executive authority of Georgia.

5. The methodology for Regulatory Impact Assessment shall be approved by the Government of Georgia.

Organic Law of Georgia No. 4607 of 29 May 2019 – website, 05.06.2019.

Article 18. Requisites of a normative act🔗

1. A normative act shall have the following requisites:

a) type of the normative act;

b) title of the normative act;

c) date and place of adoption (issuance) of the normative act (if an amendment has been made to the normative act, the date of its making as well);

d) date of entry into force of the normative act and the term of validity of the act (if it is adopted (issued) for a definite term);

e) signature of the authorised official;

f) registration number assigned by the adopting (issuing) body (official) of the normative act.

2. The State Coat of Arms of Georgia shall be depicted on normative acts of the supreme state bodies (officials) of Georgia.

3. The small State Coat of Arms of Georgia and the coat of arms of the respective municipality (if any) shall be depicted on normative acts of a representative body of a municipality.

Law of Georgia of 20 April 2010 No. 2948 - LHG I, No. 23, 04.05.2010, Art. 127

Law of Georgia of 19 April 2011 No. 4563 - website, 05.05.2011

Organic Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 6867 – website, 28.07.2020

Article 19. Legal expertise of a draft normative act🔗

1. A draft normative act (except for drafts of normative acts of the President of Georgia, the Parliament of Georgia, the Government of Georgia, the Central Election Commission of Georgia, the High Council of Justice of Georgia, the Auditor General, the National Bank of Georgia, the Autonomous Republics of Abkhazia and Adjara and a representative body of a municipality, as well as cases determined by a normative act of the Minister of Justice of Georgia) shall be submitted to the Ministry of Justice of Georgia for legal opinion.

2. (Removed - 5 February 2014, No. 1967).

3. The National Bank of Georgia, if there is no need for immediate entry into force of its normative act, shall send the draft act to the Ministry of Justice of Georgia for legal opinion, except for cases determined by a normative act of the Minister of Justice of Georgia.

4. A draft normative act shall be sent to those administrative bodies whose competence includes the regulation of legal relations envisaged by this normative act or part thereof, as well as in the case where a superior normative act provides for the obligation of an administrative body to submit an opinion, as well as its agreement with another administrative body.

5. A draft subordinate normative act of Georgia may be submitted to the Ministry of Justice of Georgia only after agreement with the administrative bodies specified in paragraph 4 of this article.

6. The Ministry of Justice of Georgia is entitled, before issuing its legal opinion, to request an opinion of a public expert in the relevant field on the draft normative act.

7. The Ministry of Justice of Georgia shall issue an opinion on a draft subordinate normative act of Georgia on its compliance with the legislation of Georgia within 10 days from the submission of the draft act to it.

8. In the case of a reasoned negative opinion of the Ministry of Justice of Georgia, compliance of the draft subordinate normative act of Georgia with the legislation of Georgia shall be ensured, after which it requires a new opinion of the Ministry of Justice.

9. The legal opinion of the Ministry of Justice of Georgia is not an administrative-legal act and the administrative proceedings provided for by the General Administrative Code of Georgia do not apply to it.

10. During the legal expertise of a draft normative act, in addition to material documents, electronic documents may also be used.

Law of Georgia of 2 July 2010 No. 3283 - LHG I, No. 35, 12 July 2010, Art. 212

Law of Georgia of 19 April 2011 No. 4563 - website, 5 May 2011.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2011 No. 5545 - website, 28 December 2011.

Law of Georgia of 5 February 2014 No. 1967 - website, 19 February 2014.

Law of Georgia of 1 August 2014 No. 2640 - website, 18 August 2014.

Law of Georgia of 28 May 2015 No. 3616 - website, 4 June 2015.

Law of Georgia of 21 July 2018 No. 3288 – website, 09.08.2018.

Organic Law of Georgia of 27 December 2018 No. 4250 – website, 29.12.2018.

Organic Law of Georgia of 8 May 2019 No. 4595 – website, 08.05.2019.

Organic Law of Georgia of 13 December 2019 No. 5570 – website, 25.12.2019.

Organic Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 6867 – website, 28.07.2020.

Organic Law of Georgia of 30 December 2021 No. 1338 – website, 13.01.2022.

Organic Law of Georgia of 24 June 2025 No. 695 – website, 25.06.2025.

Organic Law of Georgia of 17 December 2025 No. 1318 – website, 25.12.2025.

Article 20. Adoption (issuance) of a normative act and the procedure for amending it🔗

1. The date of adoption of a legislative act of Georgia shall be the day of its adoption by the Parliament of Georgia in its final version.

2. The date of adoption of a normative act of a representative body of a municipality shall be the day of its adoption by the representative body of the municipality in its final version.

3. The date of adoption (issuance) of another normative act shall be the day of its signing by an authorised official.

4. An amendment (amendment(s) and/or addition(s)) to a normative act shall be made only by a normative act of the same type. It shall be an integral part of the normative act in which the amendment was made.

5. (Removed – 06.12.2018, No. 3876).

6. The preparation, adoption (issuance) and entry into force of an amendment to a normative act shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure established for the preparation, adoption (issuance) and entry into force of the normative act in which that amendment is to be made.

7. In a draft normative act on amending a normative act, the data on the normative act in which that amendment is to be made shall be indicated, namely, the title of the normative act, the website of the "Legislative Herald of Georgia", the date of publication of the normative act and the state registration code.

8. In the case of replacement, removal or addition of a word (words) or a number (numbers) in a normative act, the draft normative act shall contain the full wording of the relevant paragraph (paragraph), subparagraph, taking into account the respective amendment.

9. It shall be inadmissible to consider in Parliament the issue of ratification of an international treaty or agreement which entails an amendment to the legislation of Georgia, unless it is accompanied by a draft law on amending the respective legislative act.

Law of Georgia of 19 April 2011 No. 4563 – website, 05.05.2011.

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2011 No. 5545 – website, 28.12.2011.

Law of Georgia of 28 December 2012 No. 190 – website, 30.12.2012.

Law of Georgia of 5 February 2014 No. 1967 – website, 19.02.2014.

Law of Georgia of 6 December 2018 No. 3876 – website, 14.12.2018.

Organic Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 6867 – website, 28.07.2020.

Article 20¹. Procedure for the adoption and publication of a law of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia🔗

1. A law of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia shall be adopted and published in accordance with the procedure determined by this Law, the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and the Rules of Procedure of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.

2. A draft law adopted by the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia shall be transmitted within 7 days to the Chairperson of the Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, who shall, within 10 days, sign and publish the law or return the draft law to the Supreme Council with reasoned remarks. If within this period the Chairperson of the Government has not signed and has not published the law and has not returned the draft law to the Supreme Council either, the Chairperson of the Supreme Council shall, within the following 5 days, sign and publish the law.

3. If the Chairperson of the Government returns the draft law, the Supreme Council shall vote on the remarks of the Chairperson of the Government as a whole, for the adoption of which the number of votes established for the adoption of a law of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia shall be sufficient. If the Supreme Council has adopted the remarks, the final version of the draft law shall be transmitted within 5 days to the Chairperson of the Government, who shall, within 5 days of its receipt, sign and publish the law.

4. If the Supreme Council has not adopted the remarks of the Chairperson of the Government, a vote shall be taken on the original version of the draft law. The draft law shall be considered adopted if it is supported by more than half of the full membership of the Supreme Council. A draft constitutional law of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia shall be considered adopted if it is supported by not less than two thirds of the full membership of the Supreme Council. In the event of the adoption of the draft law, it shall be transmitted within 5 days to the Chairperson of the Government, who shall, within 5 days of its receipt, sign and publish the law.

5. If within the periods determined by paragraphs 3 and 4 of this article the Chairperson of the Government has not signed and has not published the law, or if within the periods determined by paragraphs 2–4 of this article it is impossible to fulfil the obligation to sign and publish the law, the Chairperson of the Supreme Council shall, within 5 days from the expiry of the respective period, sign and publish the law.

6. A law of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia shall be published, by order of the authorised person determined by this article, on the website of the Legal Entity of Public Law – "Legislative Herald of Georgia".

Law of Georgia of 29 July 2013 No. 903 – website, 12.08.2013.

Article 21. Approval of the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Ajara🔗

1. For the purpose of approving the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Ajara, the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Ajara shall submit to the Parliament of Georgia a draft Organic Law of Georgia "On Approval of the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Ajara" and the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Ajara adopted in accordance with the procedure established by the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Ajara.

2. The Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Ajara shall be approved by the Parliament of Georgia by an Organic Law of Georgia "On Approval of the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Ajara", by way of consideration and adoption in a single reading.

3. The draft Organic Law of Georgia "On Approval of the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Ajara" shall be adopted by a majority of the full composition of the Parliament of Georgia.

4. The procedure for approving the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Ajara shall be determined by the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 6 December 2018 No. 3876 - website, 14.12.2018.

Article 22. Operation of a normative act in time🔗

1. A normative act whose entry into force is linked to publication shall enter into force only after official publication in the manner established by this Law.

2. A normative act shall enter into force upon publication – this means that the normative act shall enter into force on the day of publication, at 24:00.

3. If a normative act states that it shall enter into force after a specified time following publication, the day of its publication shall be taken into account when counting the time for the date of entry into force of the normative act.

4. The entry into force of a subordinate normative act, except for the occurrence of a specific calendar day or the date of adoption or issuance (enactment) of another normative act, shall not be linked to the occurrence of any other legal fact.

5. A normative act may establish a special date for the entry into force of a separate chapter or article (paragraph, subparagraph) of this act.

6. A normative act shall remain in force indefinitely, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of Georgia or by this act itself.

7. A normative act or part thereof may be adopted (issued) for a specified period. After the expiry of this period, the normative act or part thereof shall be considered invalid, unless the body (official) adopting (issuing) the normative act, in the manner established for the adoption (issuance) of such a normative act, adopts a decision on the extension of the period.

8. Changing the period of entry into force of a normative act shall be permissible only before the expiry of this period.

9. The operation of a normative act or part thereof may be suspended by the adopting (issuing) body (official) and a superior body, as well as in other cases provided by law.

10. A legislative act shall have direct effect, regardless of whether a subordinate act has been adopted (issued) on its basis or for its implementation, unless otherwise provided by this legislative act itself.

11. It shall be inadmissible to refuse to comply with a norm established by a legislative act on the ground that the corresponding subordinate act has not been adopted (issued) for its implementation, unless otherwise provided by this legislative act itself.

Article 23. Special rule for the entry into force of a normative act🔗

1. Unless otherwise provided by this Law, the normative acts subordinate to the law of Georgia, of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, as well as of a representative body of a municipality, shall enter into force upon publication, unless another time limit is established by those normative acts themselves.

2. A normative act of the National Bank of Georgia to be put into effect immediately shall enter into force from the date indicated therein.

3. A legislative act of Georgia shall enter into force on the 15th day after official publication, unless another time limit is established by that legislative act itself.

4. A decree of the President of Georgia shall enter into force from the moment of issuance. A decree of the President of Georgia during a state of war or a state of emergency concerning the restriction of the rights provided for by the Constitution of Georgia shall enter into force upon issuance, and concerning the suspension of a norm — upon approval by the Parliament of Georgia, and shall remain in force until the state of war or the state of emergency is lifted.

5. The President of Georgia shall immediately submit the decree to the Parliament of Georgia for approval.

6. (Removed – 20.09.2013, No. 1157).

7. A Constitutional Agreement of Georgia shall enter into force upon official publication, unless another time limit is established by that agreement itself.

8. A Decree of the President of Georgia shall enter into force upon official publication, unless another time limit is established by that Decree itself.

9. An Order of the President of Georgia, as the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces of Georgia, shall enter into force from the moment of its signing, unless another time limit is established by the Constitution of Georgia or by that Order itself.

10. A normative act bearing the classification "Secret" or a part of a normative act bearing the same classification shall enter into force upon entry into the "Secret" part of the State Register of Normative Acts of Georgia, unless another time limit is established by that act itself.

Law of Georgia of 20 September 2013 No. 1157 – website, 8 October 2013.

Law of Georgia of 31 October 2018 No. 3613 – website, 21 November 2018.

Organic Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 6867 – website, 28 July 2020.

Article 24. Retroactive effect of a normative act🔗

1. A normative act has retroactive effect only if this is directly established by that normative act.

2. A normative act that establishes or aggravates liability shall not have retroactive effect.

Article 25. Repeal of a normative act🔗

1. A normative act or part thereof loses force if:

a) the period for which it was adopted (issued) has expired;

b) a normative act has been adopted (issued) declaring it invalid;

c) a decision has been adopted by an authorized state body (official) which, under the Constitution of Georgia and another legislative act, entails the loss of its legal force.

2. It shall not be possible to declare invalid a normative act having superior legal force by any normative act.

3. The repeal of the normative act by which an old normative act was repealed does not mean restoration of the operation of the old normative act, unless otherwise provided by that act itself.

4. In the event of declaring a normative act or part thereof invalid, all normative acts or the relevant part of a normative act adopted (issued) on its basis or for its implementation shall be declared invalid.

5. A normative act adopted (issued) on the basis of a legislative or subordinate normative act declared invalid has no legal force, regardless of whether or not it has been declared invalid.

6. In the event of adoption of a legislative act, all subordinate normative acts or part thereof regulating the relevant public relations shall be declared invalid.

7. (Removed - 20.09.2013, No. 1157).

8. The Government of Georgia is entitled to repeal a normative act of a Minister of Georgia on the ground of its lawfulness or inexpediency.

9. If a normative act is adopted (issued) on a matter which, under the Constitution of Georgia, an Organic Law of Georgia and a Law of Georgia, falls within the powers of another state body (official) or of a representative body of a municipality, or is adopted in violation of the requirements of this Law, or the procedure established for the adoption (issuance) and entry into force of the relevant normative act has been violated, the normative act has no legal force.

9¹. If the Ministry of Justice of Georgia becomes aware of the circumstances referred to in paragraph 9 of this article, it shall be obliged to apply to the body (official) that adopted (issued) the normative act or to the body (official) having the power to repeal (suspend) the normative act and/or to a court of general jurisdiction with a request to repeal (suspend) the normative act (except normative acts of the President of Georgia, the Parliament of Georgia, the Government of Georgia, the High Council of Justice of Georgia, the Autonomous Republics of Abkhazia and Adjara and a representative body of a municipality). When fulfilling the obligation provided for by this paragraph, in the case of applying to a court of general jurisdiction, the Ministry of Justice of Georgia represents the State.

10. The matters referred to in this Article shall be considered and decided by the superior body (official) of the body (official) adopting (issuing) the normative act, in the cases provided for by the Organic Law of Georgia "Local Self-Government Code" and in accordance with the established procedure – by the respective body exercising state supervision, as well as by the Constitutional Court of Georgia and the common courts within the scope of their powers.

Law of Georgia of 4 May 2010 No. 3047 – LHG I, No. 25, 17.05.2010, Art. 168

Law of Georgia of 19 April 2011 No. 4563 – website, 05.05.2011

Law of Georgia of 30 May 2013 No. 661 – website, 24.06.2013

Law of Georgia of 20 September 2013 No. 1157 – website, 08.10.2013

Law of Georgia of 5 February 2014 No. 1967 – website, 19.02.2014

Organic Law of Georgia of 13 December 2019 No. 5570 – website, 25.12.2019

Organic Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 6867 – website, 28.07.2020

Article 26. Official publication of a normative act🔗

1. A normative act shall be considered officially published (having legal force) upon the first publication of its full text on the website of the "Legislative Herald of Georgia". Systematized normative acts placed in electronic form on the website of the "Legislative Herald of Georgia" shall also have official legal force.

2. Normative acts shall be published in electronic form on the website of the Legal Entity of Public Law operating within the governance sphere of the Ministry of Justice of Georgia – the "Legislative Herald of Georgia" (hereinafter – the "Legislative Herald of Georgia").

3. Non-publication of a subordinate normative act or of individual provisions of a subordinate normative act shall be permissible only in the cases determined by the Law of Georgia "On State Secrets". Non-publication of a normative act or of part thereof that restricts rights and freedoms or establishes legal liability shall be impermissible.

4. The amount of the fee for the publication of a normative act in the "Legislative Herald of Georgia" and for services, as well as the payment procedure, shall be determined by order of the Minister of Justice of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 4 May 2010 No. 3047 – LHG I, No. 25, 17.05.2010, Art. 168

Law of Georgia of 2 July 2010 No. 3283 – LHG I, No. 35, 12.07.2010, Art. 212

Article 27. Rule for the Publication of a Normative Act🔗

1. A normative act of Georgia (except for the normative acts specified in paragraphs 2–6¹ of this article) shall be submitted by the adopting (issuing) body for publication to the "Legislative Herald of Georgia" within 10 days from the issuance of a legal opinion by the Ministry of Justice of Georgia.

2. Laws adopted by the Parliament of Georgia, as well as by the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, shall be published in accordance with the procedure established by the Constitution of Georgia, the law, and the constitutions of the autonomous republics, respectively.

2¹. In accordance with the first paragraph of Article 19 of this Law, a subordinate normative act of Georgia defined by a normative act of the Minister of Justice of Georgia shall be submitted for publication to the "Legislative Herald of Georgia" no later than the 5th day from its adoption (signature) by the adopting (issuing) body (official).

3. A normative act of a representative body of a municipality shall be sent for publication to the "Legislative Herald of Georgia" no later than the 5th day from its adoption.

4. A normative act of the President of Georgia (except for the normative act provided for by paragraph 4¹ of this article), normative acts of the Parliament of Georgia, the Government of Georgia, as well as of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and the Autonomous Republic of Adjara (except for the normative acts specified in paragraph 2 of this article) shall be submitted to the "Legislative Herald of Georgia" and shall be published within 10 days from their adoption/issuance.

4¹. A normative act of the President of Georgia that requires countersignature shall be submitted to the "Legislative Herald of Georgia" and shall be published only after countersignature, within 5 days from the countersignature.

5. A normative act of the Central Election Commission of Georgia shall be submitted to the "Legislative Herald of Georgia" and shall be published no later than the 2nd day from its adoption.

5¹. A normative act of the Supreme Election Commission of the Autonomous Republic shall be submitted to the "Legislative Herald of Georgia" and shall be published no later than the 2nd day from its adoption.

5². A normative act of the High Council of Justice of Georgia shall be submitted to the "Legislative Herald of Georgia" and shall be published no later than the 5th day from its adoption.

6. A normative act of the National Bank of Georgia to be put into effect immediately shall be submitted to the "Legislative Herald of Georgia" and shall be published no later than the next working day.

6¹. (removed – 17 December 2025, No. 1318).

7. A normative act certified by a qualified electronic signature and/or a qualified electronic stamp, as provided for by the Law of Georgia “On Electronic Documents and Electronic Trust Services”, shall be sent for publication in the “Legislative Herald of Georgia” by an authorised official. The procedure for drafting, adopting (issuing), sending, recording, systematising and publishing a normative act (draft normative act) shall be determined by an Order of the Minister of Justice of Georgia.

8. A normative act (except for the normative acts indicated in paragraphs 4−6¹ of this Article) shall be published by the “Legislative Herald of Georgia” within 5 days from its transfer to it.

9. A normative act submitted for publication (except for the normative acts indicated in paragraphs 2−6¹ of this Article, as well as the cases established by an Order of the Minister of Justice of Georgia in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 19 of this Law) shall be accompanied by a positive opinion issued by the Ministry of Justice of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 4 May 2010 No. 3047 - LHG I, No. 25, 17.05.2010, Art. 168

Law of Georgia of 2 July 2010 No. 3283 - LHG I, No. 35, 12.07.2010, Art. 212

Law of Georgia of 19 April 2011 No. 4563 - website, 05.05.2011

Law of Georgia of 20 December 2011 No. 5545 - website, 28.12.2011

Law of Georgia of 19 June 2012 No. 6501 - website, 02.07.2012

Law of Georgia of 20 September 2013 No. 1157 – website, 08.10.2013

Law of Georgia of 5 February 2014 No. 1967 - website, 19.02.2014

Law of Georgia of 1 August 2014 No. 2640 - website, 18.08.2014

Law of Georgia of 21 April 2017 No. 667 - website, 10.05.2017

Law of Georgia of 21 July 2018 No. 3288 – website, 09.08.2018

Law of Georgia of 5 September 2018 No. 3374 – website, 21.09.2018

Organic Law of Georgia of 27 December 2018 No. 4250 – website, 29.12.2018

Organic Law of Georgia of 8 May 2019 No. 4595 - website, 08.05.2019

Organic Law of Georgia of 13 December 2019 No. 5570 – website, 25.12.2019

Organic Law of Georgia of 15 July 2020 No. 6867 – website, 28.07.2020

Organic Law of Georgia of 30 December 2021 No. 1338 – website, 13.01.2022

Organic Law of Georgia of 24 June 2025 No. 695 – website, 25.06.2025

Organic Law of Georgia of 25 November 2025 No. 1073 – website, 27.11.2025

Organic Law of Georgia of 17 December 2025 No. 1318 – website, 25.12.2025

Article 28. Refusal to publish a normative act🔗

1. Refusal to publish a normative act shall be given if:

a) the normative act submitted for publication (except for the normative acts indicated in paragraphs 2−6¹ of Article 27 of this Law, as well as the cases established by order of the Minister of Justice of Georgia in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 19 of this Law) is not accompanied by a positive opinion issued by the Ministry of Justice of Georgia, or the content of the normative act submitted for publication does not correspond to the content of its draft on which the Ministry of Justice of Georgia issued a positive opinion;

b) the normative act is submitted for publication in violation of the requirements of paragraph 5 of Article 2, Article 4, paragraph 1 of Article 18 and Article 27 of this Law.

2. Refusal to publish a normative act is not an administrative-legal act and the administrative proceedings provided for by the General Administrative Code of Georgia do not apply to it.

Law of Georgia of 19 April 2011 No. 4563 - website, 05.05.2011.

Law of Georgia of 1 August 2014 No. 2640 - website, 18.08.2014.

Article 29. State accounting and systematization of normative acts🔗

1. "Legislative Herald of Georgia" is a Legal Entity of Public Law operating in the area of governance of the Ministry of Justice of Georgia, which ensures the state accounting and systematization of normative acts, and also performs other functions determined by the legislation of Georgia.

2. "Legislative Herald of Georgia" is headed by a chairperson, who is appointed and dismissed by the Minister of Justice of Georgia. The functions and authority of "Legislative Herald of Georgia" are determined by this Law and the statute of "Legislative Herald of Georgia", which is approved by the Minister of Justice of Georgia.

3. In "Legislative Herald of Georgia", for the purpose of state accounting and systematization of normative acts, as well as ensuring the publicity of the legal system, a state register of normative acts (hereinafter – the state register) is created, which is a systematic set of data on normative acts registered in the manner established by this Law.

4. The state register (except for the "secret" part) is maintained in electronic form on the website of "Legislative Herald of Georgia".

5. All normative acts shall be entered into the state register. A normative act bearing the classification "secret" or a part of a normative act bearing the same classification shall be entered into the "secret" part of the state register. The procedure and conditions for accessing the information entered into the "secret" part of the state register shall be determined by the Law of Georgia "On State Secrets".

6. "Legislative Herald of Georgia" shall enter the normative act into the state register and assign a state registration code upon publication of this normative act in "Legislative Herald of Georgia".

Law of Georgia of 4 May 2010 No. 3047 - LHG I, No. 25, 17.05.2010, Art. 168

Law of Georgia of 2 July 2010 No. 3283 - LHG I, No. 35, 12.07.2010, Art. 212

Law of Georgia of 27 April 2016 No. 5034 - website, 13.05.2016

Article 30. Actions related to the adoption of the Law🔗

1. A subordinate normative act adopted (issued) before 1 February 1997 (regardless of its designation), which is not registered in the state register, shall have no legal force.

2. A subordinate normative act adopted (issued) before 1 February 1997, which is not registered in the state register and contains an individual (one-time) provision (provisions), retains legal force and shall be considered an administrative-legal act in the part of this provision (provisions).

3. By 1 January 2011, the Minister of Justice of Georgia shall approve the procedure for the accounting, systematization and publication of normative acts.

4. (Removed).

5. (Removed).

Law of Georgia of 2 July 2010 No. 3283 - LHG I, No. 35, 12.07.2010, Art. 212

Article 31. (Removed)🔗

Law of Georgia of 4 May 2010 No. 3047 - LHG I, No. 25, 17.05.2010, Art. 168

Law of Georgia of 2 July 2010 No. 3283 - LHG I, No. 35, 12.07.2010, Art. 212

Article 32. (removed)🔗

Law of Georgia of 2 July 2010 No. 3283 – LHG I, No. 35, 12.07.2010, Art. 212

Article 32¹. Data on a normative act published before 1 January 2011🔗

In a draft normative act on amending a normative act published before 1 January 2011, the draft normative act shall indicate the data on the normative act to which this amendment is to be made, namely, the title of the normative act, the name of the official publication body in which the said normative act is published, the date of publication of the act, as well as the article and page, if any.

Law of Georgia of 19 April 2011 No. 4563 – website, 05.05.2011

Article 32². Temporary rule for sending a normative act for publication🔗

Until 1 July 2018, it shall be permissible for a normative act to be sent to the Legislative Herald of Georgia for publication by an authorised official without certification by a qualified electronic signature and/or a qualified electronic stamp provided for by the Law of Georgia on Electronic Documents and Electronic Trust Services, in accordance with the procedure established by Order of the Minister of Justice of Georgia.

Law of Georgia of 21 April 2017 No. 667 – website, 10.05.2017

Article 33. Entry into force of the law🔗

1. This law, except for Articles 1–29 of this law, paragraphs 1–3 of Article 30, Articles 31–32 and paragraph 4 of Article 33, shall enter into force upon publication.

2. Articles 1–25 of this law, paragraphs 1–3 of Article 30, Articles 31–32 and paragraph 4 of Article 33 shall enter into force from 1 January 2010.

3. Paragraphs 1–3 of Article 26 and Articles 27–29 of this law shall enter into force from 1 January 2011.

31. Paragraph 4 of Article 26 of this law shall enter into force from 1 June 2010.

4. The Law of Georgia "On Normative Acts" (Parliament Gazette, 19 November 1996, p. 1) shall be declared invalid.

Law of Georgia of 4 May 2010 No. 3047 - LHG I, No. 25, 17.05.2010, Art. 168

President of Georgia M. Saakashvili

Tbilisi,

22 October 2009.

No. 1876–IIs

Annex No. 1

Law of Georgia of 13 June 2018 No. 2515 - website, 22.06.2018

Table of

compliance

with the legal

act of the

European Union

Legal act of the European Union

Draft normative act/acts of Georgia and the corresponding effective normative act/acts, if any:

No. 1. Draft normative act

No. 2. Normative act

Compliance:

FC − fully compliant

PC − partially compliant

NC − non-compliant

OP − optional

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Article or part

Text of the norm

No.

Article or paragraph (part)

Text of the norm

Compliance

Notes

1. Corresponding article or part of the legal act of the European Union.

2. Corresponding norm of the legal act of the European Union.

3. The corresponding number assigned in this table to the normative act of Georgia/draft normative act of Georgia.

4. Corresponding article or paragraph (part) of the normative act of Georgia/draft normative act of Georgia.

5. Corresponding norm of the normative act of Georgia/draft normative act of Georgia.

6. Compliance assessment (fully compliant, partially compliant, non-compliant, optional).

7. Notes, including the reasons for partial compliance and non-compliance.

Note: This table shall reflect the full text of the legal act of the European Union, except its preamble.