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proeqti saqarTvelos kanoni zogierT sakanonmdeblo aqtSi cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb muxli 1. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi (`saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne~, #41(48), 1999 weli, mux. 209 ) Setanil iqnes Semdegi cvlilebebi da damatebebi: 1. kodeqsis 42-e muxlis me-5 nawili amoRebul iqnes. 2. kodeqsis 50-e muxlis me-4 nawili amoRebul iqnes. 3. kodeqsis 55-e muxli Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `1. Tu arsebobs gansakuTrebuli Semamsubuqebeli garemoeba, sasamarTlos damnaSavis pirovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT SeuZlia daniSnos am kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxliT dawesebuli sasjelis zomis umdables zRvarze naklebi sasjeli an sxva, ufro msubuqi sasjeli. 2. Tu prokurori sasamarTlos mimarTavs SuamdgomlobiT braldebulis mimarT sasamarTlos mier saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe ganaCenis gamotanis Taobaze, sasamarTlo uflebamosilia daniSnos am kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxliT dawesebuli sasjelis zomis ara umetes naxevari.“ 4. kodeqsis 59-e muxli Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `1. danaSaulTa danaSaulisaTvis. erTobliobisas sasjeli iniSneba TiToeuli 2. Tu danaSaulTa erToblioba Sedgeba mxolod naklebad mZime danaSaulTagan, saboloo sasjelis daniSvnisas ufro mkacri sasjeli STanTqavs naklebad mkacrs. amasTan, vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis 1 saxiT daniSnuli saboloo sasjelis vada ar unda aRematebodes aT wels. 3. Tu danaSaulTa erToblioba Sedgeba naklebad mZime da mZime danaSaulTagan, anda naklebad mZime da gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulTagan, saboloo sasjelis daniSvnisas ufro mkacri sasjeli STanTqavs naklebad mkacrs anda nawilobriv an mTlianad Seikribeba am danaSaulTaTvis gansazRvruli sasjelebi. amasTan, vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT daniSnuli saboloo sasjelis vada ar unda aRematebodes oc wels. 4. Tu danaSaulTa erToblioba Sedgeba mZime an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulTagan, saboloo sasjelis daniSvnisas nawilobriv an mTlianad Seikribeba am danaSaulTaTvis gansazRvruli sasjelebi. amasTan, vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT daniSnuli saboloo sasjelis vada ar unda aRematebodes ocdaaT wels. 5. imave wesiT dainiSneba sasjeli, Tu ganaCenis gamotanis Semdeg dadginda, rom msjavrdebuls brali miuZRvis sxva danaSaulSic, romelic man pirvel saqmeze ganaCenis gamotanamde Caidina. am SemTxvevaSi saboloo sasjelSi CaiTvleba sasjeli, romelic pirveli ganaCeniT moxdilia mTlianad an nawilobriv. 6. ganaCenTa erTobliobis dros sasjelis daniSvnisas sasamarTlo bolo ganaCeniT daniSnul sasjels nawilobriv an mTlianad miumatebs wina ganaCeniT daniSnuli sasjelis mouxdel nawils. amasTan, saboloo sasjeli unda iyos ufro meti rogorc axlad Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis daniSnul sasjelze, ise wina ganaCeniT daniSnuli sasjelis mouxdel nawilze. 7. ganaCenTa erTobliobiT saboloo sasjelad daniSnuli Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vada ar unda aRematebodes ocdaTxuTmet wels. 8. danaSaulTa da ganaCenTa erTobliobis dros ZiriTad sasjelTan erTad SeiZleba dainiSnos damatebiTi sasjeli. Sejamebisas daniSnuli saboloo damatebiTi sasjelis vada an zoma ar unda aRematebodes am sasjelis mocemuli saxisaTvis am kodeqsis zogadi nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul maqsimalur vadas an zomas.“ 5. kodeqsis 63-e muxlis pirveli nawili Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: 2 `1. Tu sasjelis miznebis miRweva SesaZlebelia Tavisuflebis aRkveTis moxdis gareSe sasamarTlo uflebamosilia daadginos, rom daniSnuli sasjeli CaiTvalos pirobiTad.~ muxli 2. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso sakanonmdeblo macne, N31, 03.11.2009, mux. 190) cvlilebebi da damatebebi: kodeqsSi (saqarTvelos Setanil iqnes Semdegi 1. kodeqsis me-3 muxlis me-12 nawili Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `albaTobis maRali xarisxi – winasasamarTlo sxdomaze warmodgenil Tanafard da damajerebel mtkicebulebaTa erToblioba, romelic damakmayofilebelia sxdomis mosamarTlisaTvis, raTa varaudis maRali xarisxiT iqnes gamotanili gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni.~ 2. kodeqsis me-10 muxlis me-3 nawili Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `3. sasamarTloSi, aseve sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvis foto-, kino- da videogadaReba da translireba nebadarTulia, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac amgvari moqmedeba xels uSlis marTlmsajulebis procesis normalurad ganxorcielebas. nebadarTulia sasamarTlo sxdomis stenografireba da audioCawera. sasamarTlos mier am nawilSi dadgenili uflebebi SeiZleba SeizRudos mxolod sasamarTlos motivirebuli gadawyvetilebiT, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxareTa mier ganaCenTan erTad, xolo mesame piris mier administraciuli saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT.~ 3. kodeqsis me-18 muxli Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `muxli 18. ganmeorebiT dakavebisa da gasamarTlebis akrZalva 1. dauSvebelia piris ganmeorebiT dakaveba mxolod erTi da imave mtkicebulebebis an/da informaciis safuZvelze. 2. aravin SeiZleba danaSaulisaTvis.“ ganmeorebiT 3 gasamarTldes erTi da imave 4. kodeqsis 38-e muxlis me-7 nawili Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT : `7. braldebuls ufleba aqvs: damoukideblad an advokatis meSveobiT Caataros gamoZieba, moipovos da waradginos mtkicebuleba am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT; moiTxovos sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catareba da gamoiTxovos mtkicebuleba, romelic saWiroa braldebis uarsayofad an pasuxismgeblobis Sesamsubuqeblad; monawileoba miiRos misi an/da misi advokatis SuamdgomlobiT Catarebul sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi; moiTxovos advokatis daswreba misi monawileobiT Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis dros. Tu braldebuli gadaxdisuunaroa da daniSnuli hyavs advokati saxelmwifos xarjze, am muxlSi miTiTebuli uflebebis gansaxorcieleblad gaweul xarjebs anazRaurebs saxelmwifo.~ 5. kodeqsis 39-e muxlis pirveli nawili Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `1. braldebuls ufleba aqvs, sakuTari xarjiT, TviTon an/da advokatis daxmarebiT moipovos mtkicebuleba; gamoiTxovos cnoba, daxasiaTeba da sxva dokumenti saxelmwifo an kerZo dawesebulebidan, sawarmodan an organizaciidan, romelic valdebulia Seasrulos aseTi moTxovna; isargeblos kerZo deteqtivis momsaxurebiT mtkicebulebis mniSvnelobis mqone cnobebis misaRebad. braldebulis mier mopovebul mtkicebulebas braldebis mxaris mier mopovebuli mtkicebulebis Tanabari iuridiuli Zala aqvs.~ 6. kodeqsis 42-e muxlis me-3 da me-4 nawilebi Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `3. Tu braldebulis (msjavrdebulis) advokati arasapatio mizeziT ar cxaddeba sasamarTloSi, rac sasamarTlos SefasebiT aWianurebs sasamarTlo ganxilvas, sasamarTlo uflebamosilia braldebuls (msjavrdebuls) dauniSnos advokati savaldebulo wesiT, rac ar zRudavs braldebulis (msjavrdebulis) uflebas, moiwvios advokati sakuTari surviliT. braldebulis (msjavrdebulis) mier sakuTari surviliT mowveuli advokatis sasamarTloSi gamocxadebisTanave, savaldebulo wesiT daniSnuli advokati unda Camoscildes sasamarTlo ganxilvas. 4 4. Tu braldebulis (msjavrdebulis) advokati sapatio mizeziT ar cxaddeba sasamarTloSi, sasamarTlo sxdomas gadadebs araumetes 10 dRis vadiT. Tu am vadis gasvlis Semdeg advokati kvlav ar gamocxadda sasamarTloSi, moqmedebs am muxlis me-3 nawiliT dadgenili wesi.“ 7. kodeqsis 44-e muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebi Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `2. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi monawileobisaTvis dasaSvebad advokati waradgens orders da Tavis mowmobas. saqarTvelos advokatTa asociaciis TanxmobiT damcvelad SeiZleba daSvebul iqnes ucxoeli advokati. Tanxmoba gaicema im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ucxoeli advokati saqarTvelos advokatTa asociacias warudgens Tavisi saxelmwifos kompetenturi organos nebarTvas, licenzias, sertifikats an sxva dokuments sisxlis samarTlis dargSi saadvokato saqmianobis ganxorcielebis uflebamosilebis Taobaze. 3. advokats ufleba aqvs, am kodeqsiT dadgenil farglebSi da dadgenili wesiT gaecnos braldebis mxaris mtkicebulebebs, miiRos mtkicebulebisa da sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masalebis, maT Soris gamokiTxvis oqmebis aslebi, agreTve isargeblos braldebulis yvela uflebiT da am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva uflebebiT.~ 8. kodeqsis 72-e muxlis me-5 nawili Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `5. mtkicebulebad dauSveblad cnobis sakiTxs wyvets sasamarTlo. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba dasabuTebuli unda iyos.“ 9. kodeqsis 73-e muxlis `g” qvepunqti Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `g) sxva sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvis Sedegad gamotanili ganaCeniT dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebi , Tu procesis arc erTi monawile saeWvod ar xdis maT.;“ 10. kodeqsis 73-e muxls daematos me-2 nawili da Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `2. mxaris iniciativiT, sasamarTlom SeiZleba uaryos preiudiciulad dadgenili faqti, Tu es faqti ewinaaRmdegeba sasamarTloSi mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevis Sedegebs.~ 5 11. kodeqsis 75-e muxls daematos me-3 nawili da Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `3. mowmis Cveneba dauSvebeli mtkicebulebaa, Tu am mowmis gamokiTxvis oqmi ar gadaeca meore mxares am kodeqsis 83-e muxliT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad.~ 12. kodeqsis 76-e muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebi Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `2. iribi Cveneba dasaSvebi mtkicebulebaa mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu iribi Cvenebis mimcemi piri miuTiTebs informaciis wyaros, romlis identificireba da realurad arsebobis Semowmeba SesaZlebelia. 3. sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis dros iribi Cveneba dasaSvebi mtkicebulebaa, Tu igi dasturdeba sxva iseTi mtkicebulebiT, romelic ar aris iribi Cveneba.~ 13. kodeqsis 84-e muxli Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `dacvis mxaris mier erTi iseTi mtkicebulebis warudgenloba, romelic gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania misi dacvis uzrunvelsayofad, ar iwvevs sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiT ganxilvaze am mtkicebulebis dauSveblobas. am SemTxvevaSi sxdomis Tavmjdomare dacvis mxares gankargulebiT akisrebs saproceso xarjebis anazRaurebas.“ 14. kodeqsis 85-e muxlis me-6 nawili Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `6. sasamarTlo sxdomaze wesrigis damrRvev pirs, maT Soris, gaZevebul pirs, sxdomis Tavmjdomaris gankargulebiT SeiZleba daekisros jarima 50-dan 500 laramde odenobiT, razedac gaicema saaRsrulebo furceli. Tu dajarimebuli piri kvlav ganagrZobs wesrigis darRvevas, sxdomis Tavmjdomares SeuZlia dauyovnebliv gazardos jarimis odenoba am nawiliT gansazRvrul farglebSi.~ 15. kodeqsis 85-e muxlis me-17 nawili amoRebul iqnes. 16. kodeqsis 91-e muxlis me-8 nawili Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: 6 `8. sasamarTloSi procesis monawilis arasapatio mizeziT gamoucxadeblobisas mas sxdomis Tavmjdomare gankargulebiT akisrebs jarimas 100 laridan 500 laramde odenobiT, rac procesis monawiles ar aTavisuflebs gamocxadebis valdebulebisagan. es gankarguleba ar gasaCivrdeba. jarimis odenoba unda iyos Semakavebeli xasiaTis, miyenebuli zianis proporciuli da unda Seesabamebodes piris finansur mdgomareobas.~ 17. kodeqsis redaqciiT: 105-e muxlis pirveli nawili Camoyalibdes Semdegi `1. gamoZieba unda Sewydes, xolo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna ar unda daiwyos an unda Sewydes: a) Tu ar arsebobs sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba; b) Tu qmedeba ar aris marTlsawinaaRmdego; g) Tu qmedeba ar aris braleuli; d) Tu axali kanoni auqmebs qmedebis danaSaulebriobas; e) Tu kanoni, romelsac emyareba braldeba, arakonstituciurad aris cnobili; v) Tu gasulia saqarTvelos saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT dadgenili sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis xandazmulobis vada; z) Tu gamocemulia amnistiis aqti, romelic pirs aTavisuflebs Cadenili qmedebisaTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisa da sasjelisagan; T) Tu arsebobs sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCeni imave braldebis gamo/an da sasamarTlos ganCineba imave braldebiT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis Taobaze; i) Tu arsebobs prokuroris dadgenileba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis an/da gamoZiebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb; k) Tu prokurorma uari Tqva braldebaze gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi da dadgenili wesiT; 7 am kodeqsiT l) danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebis gamo (saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 21-e muxli); m) qmediTi monaniebis gamo (saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 68-e da 322-e muxlebi da imave kodeqsis 203-e, 221-e, 236-e, 260-e, 323-e, 339-e, 370-e, 371-e, 375-e, 388-e da 389-e muxlebis SeniSvnebiT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebi); n) Tu viTareba Seicvala.“ 18. 105-e muxlis meore nawilidan amoRebul iqnes `a“ da `b~ qvepunqtebi. 19. kodeqsis 111-e muxlis pirveli da me-2 nawilebi Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `1. mxareebs am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebisas aqvT Tanabari ufleba-movaleobebi. mxareebi sagamoZiebo moqmedebebs atareben am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT da dadgenil farglebSi. dacvis mxaris dasabuTebuli SuamdgomlobiT sasamarTlos ganCinebis safuZvelze sagamoZiebo moqmedebas atarebs gamomZiebeli, romelic ar SeiZleba iyos igive piri, vinc mocemul saqmeze awarmoebs saqmis gamoZiebas, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac saamisod arsebobs dacvis mxaris Tanxmoba. am SemTxvevaSi, sagamoZiebo moqmedebis CatarebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi ekisreba braldebuls, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac braldebuli sasamarTlos warudgens mtkicebulebebs, romlebiTac dadasturdeba mis mier aseTi xarjebis gadaxdis SeuZlebloba. 2. dacvis mxaris ufleba, mimarTos SuamdgomlobiT sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis moTxovniT, ar vrceldeba am kodeqsis 112-e muxlis me-5 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul garemoebebze.~ 20. kodeqsis 144-e muxlis me-4 nawili Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT : `4. eqspertizis Catarebis Sesaxeb gamomZieblis, prokuroris dadgenileba da dacvis mxaris mimarTva savaldebuloa saeqsperto dawesebulebisaTvis, eqspertisaTvis da im pirisaTvis, romelic saeqsperto kvlevis obieqtia.~ 21. kodeqsis 195-e muxls pirveli nawilis Semdeg daematos 11 nawili da Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: 8 `11. sasamarTlo valdebulia ganaxorcielos sxdomis audio Cawera. mxaris moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, kompaqtdiski sxdomis audioCanaweriT mxares unda gadaeces sasamarTlo sxdomis dasrulebisTanave an, Tu sxdoma sxva dRisTvis gadaido, sxdomis gadadebisTanave.~ 22. kodeqsis 195-e muxlis me-2 da me-5 nawilebi Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `2. sasamarTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomarem da mdivanma sasamarTlo sxdomis damTavrebidan an, sxdomis gadadebis SemTxvevaSi, sxdomis gadadebidan ara ugvianes 5 dRisa xeli unda moaweron oqms, rac dauyovnebliv unda acnobon mxareebs.~ `5. SeniSvnebis ganxilvis Semdeg sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romliTac adasturebs SeniSvnebis siswores an uaryofs maT. oqmze SeniSvnebi da sasamarTlos ganCineba daerTvis saqmes. SeniSvnebis warmdgen mxares SeuZlia gaasaCivros sasamarTlos ganCineba sasamarTlos ganaCenTan erTad.~ 23. kodeqsis 207-e muxlis pirveli da me-2 nawilebi Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `1. aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis, Secvlis an gauqmebis Sesaxeb ganCineba SeiZleba erTjeradad, misi gamotanidan 48 saaTSi saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiaSi gaasaCivros prokurorma, braldebulma da/an misma advokatma. saCivari Seitaneba ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi, romelic am saCivarsa da masalebs dauyovnebliv ugzavnis Sesabamis sasamarTlos gansjadobis mixedviT. gasaCivreba ar aCerebs ganCinebis aRsrulebas. 2. saCivarSi unda aRiniSnos, ra moTxovnebi iqna darRveuli gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebisas da riT gamoixata gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis debulebaTa mcdaroba. aRkveTis RonisZiebasTan dakavSirebul saCivarSi SesaZloa aseve mieTiTos, ra arsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone sakiTxebi da mtkicebulebebi ar gamoikvlia pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom, romlebsac SeeZlo zegavlena moexdina pirisaTvis aRkveTis RonisZiebis Sefardebis 21 ,22 da 23 marTlzomierebaze.“16. kodeqsis 209-e muxls daematos nawilebi da Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: 9 24. kodeqsis 209-e muxls daematos Semdegi redaqciiT: 21, 22 da 23 nawilebi da Camoyalibdes „21 saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis SeTavazeba ar SeuZlia 14-dan 16wlamde braldebuls (msjavrdebuls), aseve prokurorsa da sasamarTlos. xolo 16-dan 18 wlamde braldebuls, aseve prokurorsa da sasamarTlos saproceso SeTanxmebis SeTavazeba SeuZliaT mxolod arasrulwlovanis mier gansakuTrebiT mZime kategoriis danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi mSoblis an kanonieri warmomadgenlis TanxmobiT. „22. sasamarTlos mier mxareebisaTvis saproceso SeTanxmebis SeTavazebis SemTxvevaSi, mosamarTle sajaro interesis gaTvaliswinebiT mxarebTan komunikaciis gziT, uzrunvelyofs saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe ganaCenis gamotanisaTvis sssk-is 213-e muxlis me-3 da me-4 nawilebiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis Sesrulebas. sasamarTlos mier mxareebisaTvis saproceso SeTanxmebis „23. SeTavazebis SemTxvevaSi miRweuli saproceso SeTanxmebis ganxilva da gadawyvetilebis miReba xdeba gonivrul vadaSi.“ 25. kodeqsis 210-e muxls daematos 41 da me-6 nawilebi da Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `41. saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebaze prokuroris uari braldebuls/msjavrdebuls da/an mis advokats ecnobeba gonivrul vadaSi, werilobiTi formiT.“ `6. saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis sruli procesi sasamarTlos mier saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe ganaCenis gamotanis Taobaze Suamdgomlobis momzadebamde, fiqsirdeba oqmSi. prokurori, an prokuroris davalebiT gamomZiebeli, valdebulia srulad da sworad daafiqsiros oqmSi yvela moqmedeba, maT Soris braldebulTan da advokatTan warmoebuli molaparakebebi, miRweuli SeTanxmebebi, mxareTa mier gakeTebuli gancxadebebi, braldebulis mier micemuli Cvenebebi da axsna-ganmartebebi. oqmis momzadebisas mas ufleba aqvs gamoiyenos audioCawera, diqtofoni da sxva teqnikuri saSualebani. advokati da braldebuli uflebamosili arian miiRon oqmi sasamarTlos mier saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe ganaCenis gamotanis Taobaze Suamdgomlobis 10 momzadebamde. SeniSvnebi saproceso SeTanxmebis oqmTan dakavSirebiT warudginon prokurorsa da sasamarTlos saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe ganaCenis gamotanis Taobaze SuamdgomlobasTan erTad. prokurori SeniSvnebTan dakavSirebiT iZleva ganmartebebs sasamarTlo sdomaze sasamarTlos mier saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe ganaCenis gamotanis Taobaze Suamdgomlobis ganxilvis dawyebamde. oqmTan dakavSirebiT SeniSvnebis ganxilvis Sedegebi aisaxeba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi.~ 26. kodeqsis 219-e muxlis me-5 nawili Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `5. arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis saqmis gadacema dasaSvebia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sasamarTlo darwmundeba, rom braldebis mxaris mier wardgenilia Tanafard da damajerebel mtkicebulebaTa erToblioba, romlebic albaTobis maRali xarisxiT iZleva safuZvels varaudisaTvis, rom danaSauli am pirma Caidina.“ 27. kodeqsis redaqciiT: 240-e muxlis pirveli nawili Camoyalibdes Semdegi `1. procesis romelime monawilis gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi sxdomis Tavmjdomare am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT iRebs gadawyvetilebas saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis gagrZelebis an gadadebis Sesaxeb. arasapatio mizeziT gamoucxadeblobisas sxdomis Tavmjdomare procesis monawiles gankargulebiT akisrebs jarimas 100 laridan 500 laramde odenobiT, rac mas ar aTavisuflebs gamocxadebis valdebulebisagan. es gankarguleba ar gasaCivrdeba. mxares ufleba aqvs, mosamarTlis winaSe daayenos Suamdgomloba gamoZaxebuli piris iZulebiT miyvanis Taobaze.~ 28. kodeqsis 283-e muxlis pirveli nawili, `a~ qvepunqtamde, Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `1. im msjavrdebulis mimarT, romelsac sasjelad daeniSna Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, ganaCenis aRsruleba SeiZleba gadaavados ganaCenis gamomtanma sasamarTlom sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertizis daskvnis safuZvelze, imave ganaCeniT, xolo misi gamotanis Semdeg – zepiri mosmenis gareSe, ganCinebiT, Semdegi safuZvlebis arsebobisas:“. 11 29. kodeqsis 284-e muxlis me-3 nawili Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `3. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi xandazmulobis asaks miRweuli piris, agreTve saeqsperto dawesebulebis daskvnis safuZvelze mZime an ukurnebeli seniT daavadebuli msjavrdebulis mimarT sasjelis moxdis adgilis mixedviT pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs, msjavrdebulis Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze sasjelis Semdgomi moxdisagan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb ganCineba gamoitanos zepiri mosmenis gareSe.~ 30. kodeqsis 292-e muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebi Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `2. saapelacio saCivris Setanis ufleba aqvT bralmdebels, zemdgom prokurors, msjavrdebuls da/an mis advokats. 3. msjavrdebulis advokats da/an msjavrdebuls, romlis mimarT gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni mis dauswreblad iqna gamotanili, ufleba aqvT, gaasaCivron ganaCeni msjavrdebulis dapatimrebidan an saTanado organoebSi gamocxadebidan erTi Tvis vadaSi”. 31. kodeqsis 300-e muxlis 2 da me-3 nawilebi Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `2. sakasacio saCivris Setanis ufleba aqvT bralmdebels, zemdgom prokurors, msjavrdebuls da/an mis advokats. 3. msjavrdebulis advokats da/an msjavrdebuls, romlis mimarT gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni mis dauswreblad iqna gamotanili, ufleba aqvT, gaasaCivron ganaCeni msjavrdebulis dapatimrebidan an saTanado organoebSi gamocxadebis momentidan erTi Tvis vadaSi”. 32. kodeqsis 312-e muxlis me-2 nawili Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `2. axlad gamovlenil garemoebaTa gamo ganaCenis gadasinjvis Suamdgomlobis dayenebis ufleba aqvT prokurors, msjavrdebuls da/an mis advokats, xolo msjavrdebulis gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi – mis kanonier memkvidres da/an mis advokats.~ muxli 3. es kanoni amoqmeddes gamoqveynebisTanave saqarTvelos prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili 12

ganmartebiTi baraTi ,,saqarTvelos zogierT sakanonmdeblo aqtSi cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis proeqtze a) zogadi informacia kanonproeqtis Sesaxeb. a. a) kanonproeqtis miRebis mizezi: warmodgenili cvlilebebi da damatebebi ramdenime mniSvnelovan Temas exeba, romlebic, Cveni azriT, moqmed sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi da sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi arasrulyofilad aris daregulirebuli, an/da am TvalsazrisiT, sasamarTlo praqtika arasworad viTardeba. a. b) kanonproeqtis mizani: kanonproeqtis mizania saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis srulyofa da marTlmsajulebis gamWirvaloba, romelic xels Seuwyobs saqmis samarTlian ganxilvas, rac umniSvnelovanesi amocanaa demokratiuli sazogadoebis ganviTarebisaTvis. a. g) kanonproeqtis ZiriTadi arsi: kanonproeqtis ZiriTad arss warmoadgens: 1. saqveynoobis principi saqarTvelos dRes moqmedi kanonmdebloba araTanazomierad mkacr wesebs iTvaliswinebs saqmis ganxilvis saqveynoobis principis SezRudvis mxriv. amgvari SezRudva ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstituciis 24-e muxls, agreTve adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtiTa da me-10 muxliT uzrunvelyofil uflebebs. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos ganmartebiT, konvenciis me-6 muxlis pirveli punqti adgens prezumfcias imisas, rom nebismieri saqme ganixilebodes sazogadoebis da, maT Soris, mediis TandaswrebiT. sazogadoebis, maT Soris mediis daswreba procesze imisTvis aris 13 saWiro, raTa marTlmsajuleba ganxorcieldes ara saidumlod, aramed saqveynod da sazogadoebas SeeZlos qmediTi kontrolis ganxorcieleba rogorc marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis procesze, ise mTlianad sasamarTlo sistemaze. marTlmsajulebis gamWvirvaloba aseve xels uwyobs saqmis samarTlianad ganxilvas, rac demokratiuli sazogadoebis umniSvnelovanesi amocanaa (ix. Axen v. Germany, 1983). saqmis ganxilvis saqveyno xasiaTi aseve SesaZleblobas aZlevs presas ganaxorcielos `sazogadoebrivi nagazis~ funqcia, rac konvenciis me-10 muxliT aris uzrunvelyofili. presis mier aseTi funqciis ganxorcieleba ki Zalze rTulia, rom ara vTqvaT SeuZlebeli, iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac medias erTmeva ufleba ganaxorcielos procesis audio an video Cawera, translireba da a.S. cxadia, rom piris ufleba - misi saqmis ganxilva Ria iyos sazogadoebis, maT Soris, mediisaTvis, ar aris absoluturi ufleba da es ufleba SeiZleba SeizRudos. amasTanave, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos ganmartebiT, saqmis ganxilvaze sazogadoebis, maT Soris, mediis daswrebis ufleba SeiZleba SeizRudos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac amas mkacrad moiTxovs konkretuli saqmis garemoebebi. procesis daxurvis sakiTxis ganxilvisas mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli, Tu ramdenad Tanazomieria, anu proporciulia es zoma im miznisa, romlis miRwevasac emsaxureba igi procesis daxurvisas (ix. Campbell and Fell v. The United Kingdom). zemoTqmuli mosazrebebidan gamomdinare, aucileblad miviCnieT, mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi Segvetana moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-10 muxlis me-3 nawilSi. Cven gvesmis, rom aseTi cvlilebis ganxorcieleba SeuZlebeli iqneboda im SemTxvevaSi, Tu analogiurad ar Seicvleboda `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-13 muxlis me-4 punqti. amitomac, migvaCnia, rom saTanado cvlilebebi iqnes Setanili aRniSnul sakanonmdeblo aqtSic. 2. Ne bis in idem principi am principis sayovelTao xasiaTi eWvqveS ar dgas. igi gamyarebulia adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlis aqtebSi, rogorebicaa gaeros paqti samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb (muxli 14, p. 14 7), adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia (me-7 oqmis me-4 muxli, p. 1), sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wesdeba (muxli 20, p. 1). amave princips aRiarebs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis me-18 muxlic. gansxvaveba is aris, rom zemoT miTiTebul yvela saerTaSoriso samarTlis aqtSi saubaria ganmeorebiT gasamarTlebis akrZalvaze, maSin, rodesac saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis me-18 muxlis me-2 nawili krZalavs ganmeorebiT msjavrdebas erTi da imave danaSaulisaTvis. aSkaraa, rom sityva „msjavrdeba“ unda Seicvalos sityviT gasamarTleba, raTa saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba SesabamisobaSi iyos adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlis am aRiarebul principTan. 3. SejibrebiTobis principi iTvleba, rom moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis miRebiT kanonmdebelma saqarTveloSi SejibrebiTobis principis danergva ganizraxa. Tumca, rogorc am kodeqsis amoqmedebis Semdgomi sasamarTlo praqtika gviCvenebs, sasamarTloebSi arcTu mTlad kargad aqvT gacnobierebuli kanonmdeblis es mizani. aRniSnuli principi, mraval sxva faqtorTan erTad, braldebis mxaris paralelurad, dacvis mxaris mier mtkicebulebebis mopovebasac gulisxmobs, rac SejibrebiTobis principze dafuZnebuli procesis efeqturobis aucilebeli pirobaa. swored amitom kodeqsis 38-e muxlis me-7 nawilSi kanonmdebelma gaiTvaliswina dacvis mxaris ufleba, Caataros gamoZieba, kanonierad moipovos da waradginos mtkicebuleba am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT; moiTxovos sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catareba da gamoiTxovos mtkicebuleba, romelic saWiroa braldebis uarsayofad an pasuxismgeblobis Sesamsubuqeblad; monawileoba miiRos misi an/da misi advokatis SuamdgomlobiT Catarebul sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi; moiTxovos advokatis daswreba misi monawileobiT Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis dros. kodeqsis 39-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, braldebuls ufleba aqvs, sakuTari xarjiT, TviTon an/da advokatis daxmarebiT moipovos mtkicebuleba. braldebulis mier mopovebul mtkicebulebas braldebis mxaris mier mopovebuli mtkicebulebis Tanabari iuridiuli Zala aqvs. ufro metic, imave 39-e 15 muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu mtkicebulebis mopovebisaTvis saWiroa iseTi sagamoZiebo an sxva saproceso moqmedebis Catareba, romelsac braldebuli an misi advokati damoukideblad ver atarebs, igi uflebamosilia Sesabamisi ganCinebis gamotanis SuamdgomlobiT mimarTos mosamarTles gamoZiebis adgilis mixedviT. mosamarTle valdebulia miiRos yvela zoma, raTa braldebis mxarisaTvis cnobili ar gaxdes dacvis mxaris mier mtkicebulebis mopoveba. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom kodeqsis 111-e muxlis me-2 nawili arTmevs dacvis mxares iseTi sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis uflebas, rogoricaa Cxreka da amoReba, rac, moqmedi kodeqsis Tanaxmad, mxolod braldebis prerogativas warmoadgens. arsebobs sxva magaliTebic, rodesac dacvis mxare aSkarad araTanabar mdgomareobaSia braldebis mxaresTan SedarebiT. magaliTad, kodeqsis 33-e muxlis me-6 nawilis `n” qvepuntiT, prokurori uflebamosilia moiTxovos da daubrkoleblad miiRos saxelmwifo organoebidan dokumenti Tu sxva nivTieri mtkicebuleba. amgvari `daubrkoleblad miRebis~ uflebamosileba dacvis mxarisTvis uzrunvelyofili ar aris. aRniSnuli uTanasworobis aRmofxvra SeiZleba mxolod mosamarTlis keTili nebis SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi, zemoT miTiTebuli 39-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi, daakmayofilebs dacvis mxaris Suamdgomlobas garkveuli sagamoZiebo an sxva saproceso moqmedebis Catarebis Taobaze. magram, rogorc sasamarTlo praqtika gviCvenebs, winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze mtkicebulebis mopovebisaTvis saWiro sagamoZiebo an sxva saproceso moqmedebis Catarebis Sesaxeb dacvis mxaris SuamdgomlobaTa didi umravlesoba sasamarTloebis mier daukmayofilebeli rCeba im motiviT, rom sasamarTloebi aseT Suamdgomlobas ganmartaven, rogorc Suamdgomlobas amoRebis Catarebis Taobaze. Cxreka da amoReba ki, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, mxolod braldebis mxaris prerogativaa. aseTi aSkarad araswori praqtikis gamosasworeblad saWirod migvaCnia, rom, erTi mxriv, kodeqss daematos sagarantio normebi dacvis mxaris mier saxelmwifo an/da kerZo dawesebulebebidan, aseve, kerZo pirebisgan mtkicebulebebis an/da dokumentebis gamoTxovisa da miRebis uflebis Sesaxeb; xolo, meore mxriv, gauqmdes akrZalva Cxrekisa da amoRebis Sesaxeb da dacvis mxares mieces ufleba mimarTos sasamarTlos Cxrekisa da amoRebis Catarebis SuamdgomlobiT, im pirobiT, rom 16 Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi Cxrekas saxelmwifo sagamoZiebo samsaxurebi ganaxorcieleben. da amoRebas mxareTa Tanasworuflebianobis principi da dacvis mxaris mier sakuTari gamoZiebis Catareba, gulisxmobs sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 38-e muxliT braldebulisa da misi advokatisaTvis mtkicebulebebis xelmisawvdomobis uflebas im SemTxvevaSic, roca braldebuli uqonelia da daniSnuli hyavs advokati saxelmwifos xarjze. saproceso kodeqsiT dauregulirebelia uqoneli braldebulisa da saxelmwifos mier daniSnuli advokatis mier gamoZiebis CatarebisaTvis saWiro xarjebis sakiTxi, rac, faqtobrivad, am uflebis ganxorcielebas gamoricxavs. erTi SexedviT, moqmedi kodeqsis 46-e muxlis me-4 nawilis debuleba - `dacvis saxelmwifos xarjze ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifo saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT gaiRebs dacvisaTvis saWiro sxva xarjebsac, Tu es xarjebi pirdapiraa dakavSirebuli braldebulis mier sakuTari dacvis ganxorcielebasTan” am sakiTxs aregulirebs. Tumca, igi Riad tovebs kiTxvas, Tu ra igulisxmeba `dacvisaTvis saWiro sxva xarjebSi” da moiazreba Tu ara masSi kodeqsis 38-e muxlis me-7 nawilSi miTiTebuli uflebebi. warmodgenili cvlilebis Tanaxmad, uqoneli braldebulisa da/an saxelmwifos mier daniSnuli advokatis mier Catarebuli gamoZiebis xarjebs saxelmwifo faravs. 4. advokatis uflebebi cvlilebebi aseve exeba advokatis samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis maregulirebel normebs (kodeqsis 44-e, 292-e, 300-e, 312-e muxlebi), romelTa araswori interpretacia praqtikaSi bevr siZneles uqmnis advokats drouli da efeqturi dacviTi saqmianobis ganxorcielebis mxriv. kerZod, sxadasxva teqnikuri problemebi da rigi uwyebebis araoperatiuloba (gansakuTrebiT dasvenebisa da uqme dReebSi patimrobaSi myofi braldebulebis dacviTi momsaxurebis ganxorcielebisas) SeuZlebels xdis advokatisTvis, moipovos Tavisi dacvis qveS myofisagan formaluri dasturi dacviTi saqmianobis gansaxorcieleblad. amis gamo, saWirod miviCnieT amogveRo kodeqsis Sesabamisi normidan aseTi dasturis miRebis valdebuleba. paralelurad, gafarTovda saapelacio da sakasacio instanciaSi saCivris Semtani 17 subieqtebis wre: saCivris Setanis ufleba, msjavrdebuliTan erTad, mieca mis advokatsac. dabolos, kodeqsis 44-e muxlis me-3 Setanili cvlilebebiT navaraudebia advokatis uflebebis gazrda, raTa mas SeeZlos maqsimalurad qmediTad da efeqtianad ganaxorcielos Tavisi dacvis qveS myofi piris interesebis dacva. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi ucxoeli advokatis monawileobis Sesaxeb specialur daTqmas ar Seicavs, rac ukanonod da araTanazomierad zRudavs kodeqsis 41-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul braldebulis uflebas, piradad an misi nebis gaTvaliswinebiT airCios da aiyvanos advokati. warmodgenili cvlilebiT ucxoeli advokatis ayvanis SemTxvevaSi, saWiroa saqarTvelos advokatTa asociaciis Tanxmoba. 5. gamokiTxvis oqmi kodeqsis 75-e muxlis me-3 nawili uzrunvelyofs mxareTa uflebas 83-e muxlis Sesabamisad droulad miiRon meore mxarisgan gamokiTxvis oqmebi. saxelmwifo organoebSi moaruli azris Tanaxmad, gamokiTxvis oqmi ar warmoadgens mtkicebulebas da igi ar unda gadaeces meore mxares kodeqsis 83-e muxliT dadgenili wesebis Sesabamisad. arsebobs iseTi mosazrebac, rom TiTqos mxarem SeiZleba Caataros piris gamokiTxva, magram ar Seadginos gamokiTxvis oqmi, radgan oqmis Sedgenis valdebuleba TiTqos ar arsebobs. magram faqtia, rom gamokiTxva aris sagamoZiebo moqmedeba. gamokiTxvas, rogorc sagamoZiebo moqmedebis erTerT saxeobas iTvaliswinebs 113-e muxli, romelic Setanilia kodeqsis me15 TavSi, saTauriT „sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi“. ufro metic, 113-e muxlis me-3 nawilis Tanaxmad: „gamokiTxvis win unda dadgindes gamosakiTxi piris vinaoba da sxva aucilebeli informacia. es informacia unda aRiniSnos gamokiTxvis oqmSi.” moqmedi kodeqsis 134-e muxli adgens zogad debulebebs sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmebis Sesaxeb. am muxlis pirveli nawili imperatiulad adgens: “sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmi dgeba uSualod sagamoZiebo moqmedebis msvlelobisas an misi damTavrebisTanave.” es debuleba yvela sagamoZiebo moqmedebas exeba, maT Soris gamokiTxvasac, radgan igi ar 18 Seicavs sagamonakliso savaldebulo ar aris. debulebas, rom gamokiTxvis oqmis Sedgena ufro metic, 135-e muxlis pirveli nawili gamokiTxvis oqmis rekvizitebs adgens: “gamokiTxvis oqmSi unda aisaxos gamosakiTxi piris saxeli, gvari, asaki, moqalaqeoba, ganaTleba, samuSao adgili, saqmianoba an/da Tanamdeboba, sacxovrebeli adgili, ojaxuri mdgomareoba, misi urTierToba braldebulTan Tu dazaralebulTan, mis mier micemuli informaciis Sinaarsi, misi damokidebuleba sasamarTloSi gamocxadebisa da Cvenebis micemisadmi.” zemoT citirebuli da miTiTebuli normebi aRar tovebs kiTxvebs imis Taobaze, aris Tu ara gamokiTxvis oqmi savaldebulo dokumenti, unda CaiTvalos Tu ara igi mtkicebulebad da, rogorc aseTi, eqvemdebareba Tu ara igi meore mxarisaTvis gadacemas 83-e muxlis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad. gamokiTxvis oqmi araTu aris mtkicebuleba, garkveul SemTxvevebSi igi SeiZleba gadamwyveti mniSvnelobis mqone mtkicebuleba iyos nebismieri mxarisaTvis. amgvaris uqonlobis SemTxvevaSi saidan unda gansazRvros mowinaaRmdege mxarem, Tu ris Tqmas apirebs sasamarTloSi esa Tu is mowme? an rogor unda moemzados mxare aseTi mowmis jvaredini dakiTxvisaTvis? an rogor SeiZleba srulfasovnad Semowmdes mowmis sandooba, Tu mxares ar gaaCnia xelT dokumenti, romelic Seicavs gamoZiebis procesSi mis mier gakeTebul gancxadebebs? am konteqstSi unda gavixsenoT evropuli konvencia, kerZod ki misi me-6 muxlis me-3 punqtis “b” qvepunqti, romlis Tanaxmadac braldebuls unda “hqondes sakmarisi dro da saSualebebi sakuTari dacvis mosamzadeblad.” Tu mas ar eqneba dro da saSualeba jerovnad Seiswavlos nebismieri iseTi piris gamokiTxvis oqmi, romlis sasamarTloSi mowmis saxiT dakiTxvasac apirebs mowinaaRmdege mxare, cxadia, rom igi ver moaxerxebs aseT pirTan mimarTebiT konvenciis me-6 muxlis me-3 punqtis “b” qvepunqtiT uzrunvelyofili uflebiT sargeblobas. 6. iribi Cvenebis problema xifaTi, romelic aseT Cvenebas axlavs Tan, is aris, rom SesaZloa sasamarTlom gamamtunebeli ganaCeni, Tundac sxva mtkicebulebasTan an mtkicebulebebTan erTobliobaSi, daafuZnos iseTi piris gancxadebaze, romelic sasamarTloSi SesaZloa Tavad ar gamocxaddes da ar iqnes 19 dakiTxuli mowmis saxiT. es ki niSnavs, rom braldebuls ar eqneba SesaZlebloba dakiTxos aseTi mowme jvaredini dakiTxvis wesiT da am gziT Seamowmos misi gulwrfeloba, patiosneba, misi gancxadebebis simarTlesTan Sesabamisoba da sxva. aqedan gamomdinare, aSkaraa, rom iribi mtkicebulebis dasaSvebobasTan dakavSirebiT unda arsebobdes Zalze myari saproceso garantiebi. sadavo ar unda iyos, rom Secdomis albaToba ganaCenis gamotanisas bevrad ufro maRalia im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac ganaCeni irib Cvenebas eyrdnoba, vidre im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac misi safuZveli Cveulebrivi Cveneba an/da sxva dasaSvebi mtkicebulebebia. aqve unda gvaxsovdes adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtiT uzrunvelyofili mxareTa SejibrebiTobis principi da imave muxlis me-3 punqtis “d” qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli braldebulis ufleba dakiTxos an daakiTxvinos misi braldebis mowmeebi. bunebrivia, rom iseTi piris mimarT, romelic sasamarTloSi Cvenebas ar iZleva, braldebuls aRniSnuli uflebebiT sargeblobis SesaZlebloba erTmeva. Zalze bundovani sakiTxia, Tu ras niSnavs iribi Cvenebis dadastureba „sxva mtkicebulebiT“. upirveles yovlisa, unda gavixsenoT, rom 2010 wlis 24 seqtembris cvlilebebamde iribi Cveneba unda dadasturebuliyo „mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobiT“. amJamad, moqmed redaqciaSi gamoyenebuli mxolobiTi ricxvi imaze miuTiTebs, rom Tundac erTi „sxva mtkicebulebis“ arseboba sakmarisia. aseve did wuxils iwvevs ganumartebloba imisa, Tu ra igulisxmeba am sxva mtkicebulebaSi. SeiZleba Tu ara vigulisxmoT, magaliTad, sxva iribi Cveneba? Tu es asea, maSin braldebuli dgas Zalze seriozuli safrTxis winaSe, rom mis mimarT SeiZleba gamotanili iqnes gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni Tundac ori iribi Cvenebis safuZvelze. anu igi SeiZleba damnaSaved iqnes cnobili Xisa da Y-is gancxadebebis safuZvelze, romelTagan SeiZleba arcerTi ar gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi da amitom braldebulma vercerTis jvaredini dakiTxva ver moaxerxos. orma, TavisTavad cudma da dauSvebelma, mtkicebulebam ar SeiZleba Seqmnas ori kargi mtkicebuleba marto imitom, rom isini erTmaneTTan kombinaciaSi arian. amitomac Cveni winadadebaa, rom kodeqsis 76-e muxlis me-3 nawili Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT: `sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis dros iribi Cveneba dasaSvebi mtkicebulebaa, Tu igi dasturdeba sxva iseTi mtkicebulebiT, romelic ar aris iribi Cveneba.~ 20 7. preiudicia aseve dazustebas moiTxovs moqmedi saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli preiudiciis sakiTxic. kerZod, kodeqsis 73-e muxlis `g” qvepunqtis safuZvelze sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCeniT dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebis gamokvlevis gareSe mtkicebulebad miReba bevr winaaRmdegobas warmoSobs. gansakuTrebiT saxifaToa saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe gamotanili gamamtyunebeli ganaCenebiT `dadgenili faqtebis~ preiudiciad miCneva, radgan aseT dros mtkicebulebebis gamokvleva ar xdeba da, Sesabamisad, arc faqtebis dadgenas aqvs adgili. amitomac, xarvezis aRmosafxvrelad, saWirod miviCnieT miTiTebul normas daematos daTqma procesis monawileTa mxridan ganaCenis kanonierebasTan dakavSirebiT eWvis uqonlobis Taobaze. aseve, ufro detalurad unda ganisazRvros mxareTa an sasamarTlos mier preiudiciis uaryofis pirobebi da wesi. 8. bralis gamomricxveli garemoebani, rogorc gamoZiebis Sewyvetis an/da sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ardawyebis an Sewyvetis safuZvlebi saqarTvelos 1999 wlis sisxlis samarTlis materialuri kanonmdebloba icnobs sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisuflebis orkvalian sistemas, marTlwinaaRmdegobisa da bralis gamomricxveli garemoebebis saxiT. Sesabamisad, saproceso kodeqsSi imTaviTve (jer kidev 1998 wlis saproceso kodeqsSi) arsebobda gamoZiebis Sewyvetis, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ardawyebis an Sewyvetis safuZveli qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis ararsebobis gamo, magram araferi iyo naTqvami meore kanonismier safuZvelze, anu bralis ararsebobaze. igive tendencia SenarCunda dRes moqmedi saproceso kodeqsis 105-e muxlSi, sadac mxolod bralis gamomricxvel iseT garemoebebze gakeTda miTiTeba, rogoricaa Seuracxaoba asakis an fsiqikuri daavadebis gamo. (sssk-is 105-e muxlis me-2 nawilis „a“ da „b“ qvepunqtebi). aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SemoTavazebul redaqciaSi miTiTeba aseve gakeTda gamoZiebis Sewyvetis, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ardawyebis an Sewyvetis meore safuZvelze- bralis ararsebobaze. 21 9. albaTobis maRali xarisxi moqmedi kodeqsis erT-erT miRwevad samarTlianad iTvleba mtkicebis standartebis SemoReba da diferenciacia sisxlis samarTlis procesis sxvadasxva etapebisaTvis. aseve mniSvnelovan siaxles warmoadgens winasasamarTlo sxdomis instituti, radgan swored am etapze unda iqnes miRebuli gadawyvetileba imis Taobaze, aris Tu ara piris braldebis saqmeze Sekrebili sakmarisi mtkicebulebebi imisaTvis, rom saqme arsebiTad gansaxilvelad gadaeces sasamarTlos. samwuxarod, sasamarTlo praqtika ise viTardeba, rom mtkicebis standartebis Sesaxeb sasamarTloebi kodeqsis miTiTebebs arcTu did yuradRebas aqceven, xolo winasasamarTlo sxdoma wminda formalobad iqca, radgan Zalze iSviaTia, Tu saerTod arsebobs, SemTxvevebi, rodesac sasamarTloebi winasasamarTlo sxdomaze wyveten sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas braldebulis mimarT, radgan Tvlian, rom saqmeze Sekrebili mtkicebulebebi albaTobis maRali xarisxis standarts ver akmayofilebs. am problemis erT-erTi mizezi, rogorc Cans, is unda iyos, rom albaTobis maRali xarisxis standarti arcTu mkafiod aris ganmartebuli moqmed kodeqsSi da sasamarTlos da mxareebsac uWirT misi namdvili Sinaarsis swored gageba. amisaTvis saWirod CavTvaleT, rom dagvezustebina albaTobis maRali xarisxis standarti da misi definicia Segvevso iseTi kategoriiT, rogoricaa `Tanafard da damajerebel mtkicebulebaTa erToblioba“. 10. sasamarTlo-fsiqiatriuli eqspertizis sakiTxi aucileblad migvaCnia, rom kodeqsis 283-e muxlis pirveli nawilidan amoRebul iqnas sityva `saxelmwifo~, raTa piris Seuracxaobis dasadastureblad ara mxolod saxelmwifo sasamarTlo-fsiqiatriuli eqspertizis daskvnis warmodgena iyos aucilebeli, aramed kerZo eqspertizisac. mxolod amgvari midgoma iqneboda gamarTlebuli SejibrebiTobis principiT, romelsac ganamtkicebs moqmedi kodeqsi. igive mosazrebiT, sityva „saxelmwifo“ aseve amoRebul unda iqnes 144-e muxlis me-4 nawilidan da 284-e muxlis me-3 nawilidan. 11. sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmi 22 mniSvnelovani cvlilebebis Setanaa saWiro sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmis Sesaxeb debulebebSic. arsebuli praqtikiT, sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmi mxareebs gadaecemaT sxdomis dasrulebis Semdeg. rodesac sasamarTlos sxdoma erT dReze metxans grZeldeba, mxares sxva araferi darCenia, Tu ara daelodos sxdomis damTavrebas, rasac SeiZleba Tveebi dasWirdes. adamianis mexsiereba ar aris ukidegano. droTa ganmavlobaSi Cven gvaviwydeba bevri ram, rasac SeiZleba didi mniSvneloba hqondes procesis SedegisaTvis. amitom saWirod miviCnieT, rom sasamarTlos daekisros valdebuleba sxdomis oqmi moamzados sxdomis gadadebis SemTxvevaSic. aseve aucileblad migvaCnia sasamarTlos davaldebuleba sxdomis audioCaweris ganxorcielebis da audioCanawerebis mxareTaTvis gadacemis Taobaze. teqnikis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze es sirTules ar warmoadgens, marTlmsajulebis jerovnad ganxorcielebisaTvis ki Zalze mniSvnelovania. 12. saproceso SeTanxmebis problemebi saproceso SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi 2004 wlis 13 Tebervlis kanoniT damkvidrda da samarTalwarmoebaSi manamde arsebul gamartivebul anu Sekvecil warmoebas (1998 wlis sssk-is 473-e mux.) seriozuli konkurencia gauwia. moqmedi saproceso kanonmdebloba samarTliani procesis da swrafi marTlmsajulebis principis dacviT (sssk me-8 mux.) aRiarebs braldebulis uflebas swraf marTlmsajulebaze. qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba ar Seicavs raime SezRudvas damnaSavis an/da danaSaulis kategoriebis mixedviT da saproceso SeTanxmebis gamoyenebas gamartivebuli samarTalwarmoebis formiT gvTavazobs rogorc naklebad mZime ise, mZime da gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis Camdeni srulwlovani da arasrulwlovani braldebulisa da msjavrdebulis mimarT. ivaraudeba, rom SeerTebuli Statebis msgavsad, saproceso SeTanxmeba unda gamoiyenebodes nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo ganxilvis Tavidan asacileblad. Tumca, is faqti, rom 2004 wlidan saqarTveloSi zedmetad intensiurad amoqmedebuli “garigebis” instituti, maRali procentuli maCveneblebiT (savaraudod, saqmeTa 90% meti), braldebulis mier zegavlenis qveS miRebul gadawyvetilebad miiCneva xolme, rac, Tavis 23 mxriv, msjavrdebebis maRali ricxviT da sasamarTlos mimarT ndobis naklebobiT aris ganpirobebuli (Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee) Honouring of obligations and commitments by Georgia 2011), am instituts nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos sapirwoned namdvilad ver aqcevs. strasburgis sasamarTlos precedentuli gadawyvetilebebis Tanaxmad, Sekvecili samarTalwarmoeba evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxlTan SesabamisobaSia, Tu morigebaze daTanxmeba uflebaze uaris Tqmis tolfasia. aseTi procedurebi xSiria naklebad mZime danaSaulebTan mimarTebaSi da maT braldebulisaTvis sargeblis motanac SeuZlia. Tumca, mniSvnelovania, rom uflebaze uaris Tqma nebayoflobiT ganxorcieldes, rac gulisxmobs braldebulze/msjavrdebulze arajerovani zewolis dauSveblobas saproceso SeTanxmebaze misi daTanxmebis mizniT. saproceso SeTanxmebis qarTuli modelis gaumWvirvale procesi sisxlisamarTlebrivi devnis etapze braldmdebelsa da braldebuls Soris morigebis mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi braldebulisaTvis sargeblis motanas, sajaro interesis dakmayofilebis gziT - ver uzrunvelyofs. SemoTavazebuli cvlilebiT, kerZod, saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis sruli procesi, sasamarTlos mier saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis gareSe ganaCenis gamotanis Taobaze prokuroris mier Suamdgomlobis momzadebamde, fiqsirdeba oqmSi. morigebis procesis saoqmo warmoeba gamWvirvales gaxdis mTel zepir molaparakebas da iZleva mxareTa moqmedebis kanonierebis da marTebulobis Sefasebis SesaZleblobas. aqve, gaTvaliswinebulia oqmze SeniSvnebis warmodgenisa da maTi ganxilvis sasamarTlo wesic. calke normad regulirdeba sasamarTlos uflebamosileba, mxareebs SesTavazos saproceso SeTanxmebis dadeba braldebulis pirveli wardgenisas sasamarTloSi, winasasamarTlo sxdomaze da Semdgom samarTalwarmoebis yvela etapze. amavdroulad, gaTvaliswinebulia mosamarTlesTan komunikaciis savaldebulooba SeTanxmebis procesis ganmavlobaSi, rac aris realuri winapiroba dasabuTebuli braldebisa da kanonieri da samarTliani gadawyvetilebis gamotanisaTvis. SemoTavazebuli cvlilebebiT, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT (SeTanxmeba bralze an sasjelze) braldebulis/msjavrdebulis mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba realuri rom gaxdes, saproceso, garigebis 24 procesSi unda gamoiricxos damatebiT sasjelad fulad jarimaze vaWroba. amisaTvis, garigebis procesSi sasjelis Semsubuqeba mxolod sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilis Sesabamisi muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis SemadgenlobisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli sanqciis farglebSi unda moxdes, zogadi nawilis Sesabamis normebze miTiTebiT, magram ssk-is 42-e muxlis moqmedi redaqciis me-5 nawiliT prokurorisaTvis miniWebuli damatebiTi sasjelad jarimis gadaxdis moTxovnisa da sasamarTlos mier misi gamoyenebis uflebis gareSe.aRniSnuli cvlilebis saWiroeba gardauvalia im sakanonmdeblo xarvezis fonze, rac materialuri sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi sasjelis saxed gaTvaliswinebuli fuladi jarimis maqsimaluri odenobis ganusazRvrelobis problebas ukavSirdeba. sakanonmdeblo xarvezi imTaviTve braldebulis/ msjavrdebulis uflebebis xelyofas isaxavs miznad da misi gamoyeneba saproceso garigebis damtkicebisas gamotanil gadawyvetilebas usamarTlos xdis. aRniSnuli poziciis gaziareba, realurs da efeqturs gaxdis saproceso SeTanxmebis miRwevisas dazaralebulis uflebas moiTxos miyenebuli zianis materialuri anazRaureba da samoqalaqo warmoebiT miRebuli gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas droulad uzrunvelyofs. saproceso SeTanxmebis dadeba unda gamoiricxos im arasrulwlovan damnaSaveTa mimarT, romelebmac danaSauli Caidines 14 –dan -16 wlamde, da unda SeizRudos 16-dan 18-wlamde danaSaulis Camdeni arasrulwlovnebis mimarT, axlad amoqmedebuli ganridebisa da mediaciis institutis sasargeblod. 13. sajarimo sanqciebis proporciulobis sakiTxi ramdenime adgilas moqmedi kodeqsi, sxvadasxva saxis darRvevebisaTvis, iTvaliswinebs jarimas 5000 laramde odenobiT, rac, dRevandel saqarTveloSi fizikuri pirebis, maT Soris advokatebis Semosavlebs Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, metismetad mkacri da araproporciuli sanqciaa. garda amisa, jarimis minimalur da maqsimalur odenobas Soris didi sxvaoba mosamarTlis xelSi SeiZleba aRmoCndes mZlavri iaraRi saimisod, rom samagaliTod dasajos xelisuflebisaTvis arasasurveli advokati da amiT Seqmnas `msusxavi efeqti~ sxva arasasurveli advokatebis mimarT. aqedan gamomdinare aucileblad jarimis 500 laramde Semcireba. miviCnieT 25 5000 laris maqsimaluri 14. sasjelTa upirobo SekrebiTobis problema sasjelTa upirobo SekrebiTobis principi iwvevs gaumarTleblad mkacri da araadeqvaturi sasjelebis Sefardebas, rac, Tavis mxriv, amkvidrebs usamarTlobis gancdas. am principis arseboba agreTve iwvevs grZelvadiani patimrebis ricxvis zrdas saqarTveloSi da sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis gadatvirTvas. amasTan, sasjelTa upirobo SekrebiTobis principi mosamarTles xdis damokidebuls am ualternativo wesze da aiZulebs mas, erTgvari midgoma iqonios sxvadasxvagvari saqmeebisadmi. mosamarTles amiT erTmeva saqmis Semfaseblis funqcia da SesaZlebloba, aRasrulos marTlmsajuleba sasjelis individualizaciis principis dacviT. Cveni winadadebaa, danaSaulTa erTobliobis dros, damkvidrdes sasjelTa STanTqmis, nawilobriv an mTlianad Sekrebis principebi, romelTa gamoyenebis adeqvaturobas mocemul konkretul saqmeze daadgens mosamarTle. am sami, alternatiuli wesis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobasTan erTad, Semotanil iqneba vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dros saboloo sasjelTa maqsimaluri zRvrebis gradaciebi danaSaulis simZimis mixedviT. rac Seexeba ganaCenTa erTobliobas, SesaZlebeli iqneba mxolod sasjelTa nawilobriv an mTlianad Sekreba da, am SemTxvevaSic, arCevans gaakeTebs mosamarTle, konkretuli saqmis konkretuli garemoebebisa da gansasjelis pirovnebidan gamomdinare. Sedegad, saboloo sasjeli avtomaturad SerCeuli ki aRar iqneba, aramed – saqmisadmi misadagebuli da adeqvaturi. es cvlileba dadebiT gavlenas iqoniebs ara mxolod patimrebze, romelTac mxolod adeqvaturi sasjelis pirobebSi euflebaT samarTlianobis gancda da ufro advilad adgebian gamosworebis gzas, aramed mosamarTleebzec, romlebic gaTavisufldebian savaldebulod gamosayenebeli wesisgan, romelic maT amJamad arTmevs SesaZleblobas, damoukideblad daniSnon sasjeli. SemoTavazebul cvlilebas eqneba mxolod dadebiTi gavlena saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso organizaciebSi wevrobasTan dakavSirebul valdebulebebze. kerZod, mosamarTleTaTvis SesaZleblobis micema, Tavad Seafason konkretuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis konkretuli garemoebebi sasurvel Sedegs gamoiRebs qarTuli marTlmsajulebis damoukideblobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, rac saqarTvelos erT-erTi saerTaSoriso valdebulebaa. amasTan, sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebis gantvirTva 26 ukeTes pirobebs Seqmnis qarTul cixeebSi da gamoaTavisuflebs saxsrebs, romelic cixeSi gadamdeb daavadebaTa aRmofxvris RonisZiebebs daafinansebs. es ori umniSvnelovanesi valdebuleba ekisreba Cvens saxelmwifos adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-3 muxlis Tanaxmad da amasve iTxovs amJamad evrosabWos ministrTa komiteti evropuli sasamarTlos ori gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis procesSi (RavTaZe saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg, N 23204/07, 2009 wlis 3 martis gadawyvetileba; poRosiani saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg, N 9870/07, 2009 wlis 24 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba). b) kanonproeqtis finansuri dasabuTeba. b. a) kanonproeqtis miRebasTan dakavSirebuli aucilebeli xarjebis dafinansebis wyaro: kanonproeqtis miReba ar damatebiTi xarjebis gamoyofas. moiTxovs saxelmwifo biujetidan b. b) kanonproeqtis gavlena biujetis saSemosavlo nawilze: kanonproeqtis miReba ar gamoiwvevs saxelmwifo biujetis saSemosavlo nawilis zrdas. b. g) kanonproeqtis gavlena biujetis xarjviT nawilze: kanonproeqtis miReba ar moaxdens gavlenas saxelmwifo da adgilobrivi biujetebis xarjviT nawilze. b. d) saxelmwifos axali finansuri valdebulebebi: kanonproeqtis miReba ar gamoiwvevs saxelmwifosaTvis axali finansuri valdebulebebis warmoqmnas. 27 b. e) kanonproeqtis mosalodneli finansuri Sedegebi im pirTaTvis, romelTa mimarTac vrceldeba kanonproeqtis moqmedeba: kanonproeqtis miReba ar moaxdens gavlenas im pirebis finansur mdgomareobaze, romlebzedac vrceldeba aRniSnuli kanonproeqtis moqmedeba. b. v) kanonproeqtiT dadgenili gadasaxadis, mosakreblis an sxva saxis gadasaxdelis odenobis gansazRvris wesi (principi): kanonproeqti ar iTvaliswinebs gadasaxadis, mosakreblis an sxva saxis gadasaxdelis odenobis gansazRvras da sesabamisad ar adgens misi gansazRvris wess. g) kanonproeqtis mimarTeba saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv standartebTan: kanonproeqti standartebs. ar ewinaaRmdegeba saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv g. a) kanonproeqtis mimarTeba evrokavsiris direqtivebTan: kanonproeqtis miReba ar ewinaaRmdegeba evrokavSiris direqtivebs. g.b)kanonproeqtis mimarTeba saerTaSoriso organizaciebSi saqarTvelos wevrobasTan dakavSirebul valdebulebebTan: kanonis proeqtis miRebiT ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos mier saerTaSoriso organizaciebSi wevrobasTan dakavSirebiT aRebul valdebulebebs. 28 g. g) kanonproeqtis mimarTeba saqarTvelos ormxriv da mravalmxriv xelSekrulebebTan: kanonproeqtis miReba ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos mier ormxrivo da mravalmxrivi xelSekrulebebiT nakisr valdebulebebs. d) kanonproeqtis momzadebis procesSi miRebuli konsultaciebi: d. a) saxelmwifo, arasaxelmwifo an/da saerTaSoriso organizacia – dawesebuleba, eqspertebi, romlebmac monawileoba miiRes kanonproeqtis SemusavebaSi, aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi: kanonproeqtis SemuSavebaSi monawileoba arasamTavrobo dawesebulebis warmomadgenlebma. miiRes calkeulma d.b) kanonproeqtis SemuSavebaSi monawile organizaciis (dawesebulebis) an – da eqspertis Sefaseba kanonproeqtis mimarT, aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi: kanonproeqts ar axlavs eqspartis Sefaseba. d. g) kanonproeqtis avtori: saqarTvelos advokatTa asociaciis sisxlis samarTlis komiteti. d. d) kanonis proeqtis iniciatori: kanonproeqtis iniciatoria saqarTvelos parlamentis wevrebi: dimitri lorTqifaniZe da giorgi cagareiSvili. 29