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UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME UNITED NATIONS 2000 Arltcle l S:ar,.ut,r o.7u"p..,. The J,urpose of this Conlention is 1c, promote coopcralron to prcient ard cor!1bal transDational orgaDizcd crime morc cffecli!ch, At liclc 2 Ltsc ofternts For thc purposes of this CoDvcntioD: (r) "Organized criminal group" shall meatr a structured group of tbree or more pe6ons, cxisting for a period of time and acting in colcert q'ift thc aim of corDmittiug onc or morc scrious crimcs or offcDces cstablishcd in accordancc *'ith this Convcntion, in ordcr to obrain, dircctly or indirectly, a fi-oaocial or othcr rnalcria[ benefil; (b) "Serious crime" shall mcaD conduct constjtuting an offence punishable by a [uximum deprivatioD of libefiy of at lcast four years or a more serious penalty; (c) "Structurcd group" shall mcan a Eroup tha! is not raDdoaly formed for the iiomediatc coornission of ao offeoce and (hat does not Dced ro have formally dcfiDcd rolcs for ils dcmbers, contiDuity of its mcmbership or a dcvclopcd strucfurc; (d) "Property" shall mean asssts of cvery kind, whether corporeal or rtrcorporcal, movablc or iD$ovable, taDgiblc or inlangible, and lcgal documen6 or irstrumenls cvideocing titl€ to, or iDlcrest in, sucb asscts; (") "Proceeds of crime" shall lEaan any property derived froo or obtained, dircctly or indircctly, through the coltlmission ofan offcnce; (t "Frcczing" or "scizurc" shall Ecan tcmporarily prohibitilg the lratrsfcr, coDvcrsioD, dlsposition or movemeDt of propcrty or temporarily assumitrg cuslody or control of property oD thc basis of an order issued by a court or othcr competcnt authority: (g) "Coufiscation", \*,hich includes forfciturc u'hcre applicable, shall mesn the perinancnt depri\,atio! of property by ordcr of a court or other competcnt authority; (h) "Predicalc oIIeDce" shall mcan any offcncc as a rcsult of .,\'hich procccds havc bcco gcEcrated that nlay become thc subject of an offence as dcfined io anicle 6 ofthis CoDventlon; (D "CoDtroll€d delivery" shall tneaD the techDiquc of allowing illici! or suspect consignhcnts to pass ou! of, tkough or iDlo the territory of one or more States, uith the kjro,A'lcdge and u.oder the supcrvision oftheir comperenl aurhoritics. q irh a Yre\' to the iDYeslttatiotr of an offence and thc iden!ification of persons iDvoh ed in the corrunission of the offcncc; (t) "RegioDal cconomic int€gralion organization" shall mcan an or{anizalion constitutcd b}'so\erclgn Srates of a sivcn rcsion. lo \irich ils member Slatcs hare uansferred compclcncc rn rcspcct of mattcrs gor crncd bv this Convcntion and which has bcen dull' authorizcd, in accordance s ith its intcrnal proccdures. to si8n, ratil, accePl. approve or acccdc lo itl refcrenccs to '-Statcs Parlies_ uoder this Con\cntion shall appl)- to such organizations $ithin thc limiE ofthcir comPetence Arricle 3 Scope olapPlication L This Convcntion shall appll', exccPt as otherwise statcd hcrein, to the prcveEtion, iDvcstigation atrd Prosccution of: (a) Thc oficnccs cstablishcd in accotdancc with aniclcs 5, 6, 8 and 23 ofthis CotrveDtion; and (b) Scrious crime as dcfiEcd in articlc 2 of ihis CoDvcntion; where ahe ofTcnce is trausDational in naturc and involvcs an organized cnminal group. 2. For thc purpose of paragraph I of this article, an ofencc is ta-n$ational in naturc if (a) Ir is committcd in horc thatr one State; (b) It is cornmitted iD oEe State but a substantial pan of its prcparatioD, planniDS, directioD or control tak€s place in another State; (c) It is coDmi(cd in one Statc but rDvolves arl otganizcd criminal group that angages iD crimirMl activitics in morc thatr onc Slalc; or (d) lt is cohmittcd in oDc State but has substaatial effccts in anothci State A icle 4 Prolection oI sot'ereignty L Sratcs Parties shall carr-y oul thcir obligatioos uDder this ConYention in a roanncr consistcnt \\'ith ihe priEciplcs of sorcrcign cqualit.v and territonal integrity of Statcs and thal of non-interYention in thc domeslic affairs of othcr StatesNothiig in this ConYention entitles a State Pa y to undenake in thc lerritory of aDothcr Stat€ the cxercise ofjurisdiction and performance of fUnctlons that arc rcscn'ed exclusiYch for the authoritles of lhal othci 2 State bv its dom€sric larl' Articlc 5 C.imrnalizotioit ofpat ticipotio itt ott orgonize.i cfln1mal gro P I Each Slatc Part\ shrll adopr suc\ lctrslarjYc and orhcr mcasures as mav be necessan to cslahliSh as criminal orfcnccs. \theD ..,mmiilc.l intcntionall\ : (al Eitho or both of thc follouing as crirninal oficnces disrin.l liom thosc lnroh ing the allcmpl or complction of dte criminal acliYjlv: ii) Agrccing \\.irh onc or morc othcr pcrsons to commil a scrious crimo for a puq)osc r€lating directl) or iodircctl).to lhe obtaining of a financial or othcr material bcnefit and, whcre rcquireal by,domitic la\.\', hrolviDg aD act uDdcnakcn by onc of the participants in funherance of the agrechent or iD\,olving an organizcd criminal Sroup; (ii) Condnct by a pcrson \\,ho, \r,ith knowlcdge of eirher the aim and gcneral crimlnal activity of an organized ciiminal group or its intcntion to comrnit the c l1)cs rn question, takes aa activela in: a b Cnminal activides of fte organizcd crihinal group, Other activities of the organizcd criminal group in the knowledgc thar bis or her participition will contrif,utc to the achielcment of the above-described crirninal aiml Organizing, direcring, aiding, abcrring, facilirarint oi {9) counsellng the comrnission of criminal group scnous cnme involiing an orga-nized The knou,lcdge, intent, aim, purpose or agrecmenr rcferred !o in paragraph I of lhis articl€ may bc inierrcd froir objecrivc factual ctrcumstarccs 3 SEtes Parties \r'hose domestic la\l requrres involvemcnt of an organizcd criminal group for purposes of the offences sstablished iD accordancc \r,ith paragraph I (a) (i) of lh$ article shall ensulc that their domestic la$ covers all serious crimes invol.r,ing organized cnminal groups. Such States Parties, as well as States panies q.hose domcstic law r€quires an act in furtherance of th€ agreement for purposes of thc offcnces cstablished in accordance uilh paragraph I (a., (i.l of rhis anicle, shall so inform lhe Sccretary-Gcneral of the Unjted Nalions ar the timc of lheir signature or of dcposir of therr insEumcnt of ratrfication, acccplance or approlal ofor accession (o rlis Conventron -3- Aflicle 6 C.iminalizotion of the laundcring of Proccads oI crimc I Each Slalc Parn shall adop!. rn accordancc \\ilh fundamcntal Frinclplcs of ils domcslic la\\-. such leg;slati\c and oth.r rneasurcs as ma)' bc nccessa11 to establish as crrminal offcnces. \'hcx conrmitlcd inrcnrionall\'l iar fr) Thc con\'srsron or tran:fer of FroDen\', kno$ing thar such properi) is the procc.ds of crimc. for thc purposc of cooccaling or disEluising fic illicir origin of thc property or of hclping any person u'ho ls invoh'ed in the cornrnissioD of thc predicatc offeocc lo cvadc tbe legal coEsequences ofhis or her actiun: (iD The coDccalmeEt or disguisc of th€ truc Daturc, soulce, location. disposition, movcmcnt or oq'nership of or riShts with respcct to proPerty, knowin8 that such property is the Procecds of cnmc; (b) Subject to (hc basic concepts of ils legal system: (D The acquisilion, possession or usc of propcrty, kno*'ing' at the time ofrcccipt, that such propcny is (he proceeds of crim€; (iD Participation in, association $'ilh or coDspiracy to commit, attempts to commit.od aiding, abefting, facihtating and counselliog the commission of any of (hc offcnccs cstablishcd in accordance u'ith this articlc 2 For purposcs of implementiDg or applying paragraph I of this article: (a) Each State Pary shall seek to apPly Paragraph I ofthis article to the',f idest raoge ofpredicate offcDccsi (b) Each Statc Party shall includc as prcdicatc offcnccs all scrious crimc as defincd in arliclc 2 of this Convcntion aDd the ofrances establish€d iE accordadce rvith arricles 5, 8 aod 2l of this Coovention la thc case of States Partics whose leglslation sets out a list of specific predicate offcnccs, thel, shall, at a minimum, include in such list a compreheNivc range of offcnces associated r* ith organized crirtrinal $oups: (c) For the puryroses of subparagraph (b), predicate offcnces shall include offenccs corEmittcd both wifiin alld outside the jurisdicuon of the Slate Part] in question. Holrcvcr, offcnccs committed outside thc JurisdlctioD of a Slatc Parq' shall constitute predicatc oIIcDces only when lhc relevanl conducl. rs a cndinal offencc under the domestic lau of the State *'h€re it is cornmitt€d aod would be a criminal offeDce uoder the domcstic lau of the Srarc Part) implementing or applying this anicle had it bccn cornmiltcd therci -J (dl Each Statc Parry shall furnish coltics of ils laws tha! givc cffcct to this article and oi an)' subsequcnt chang€s lo such lats or a dcscripti!,n thereofto thc Sccretary-Gencral ofthc United \atrons: (".r If required b) fundamcntal principlcs of thc domcstic law ol a Starc Parry it mal' bu providcd that thc offcnccs sct forth in para8Eaph I or this arti.lc dL, not afnl\' !o 1hc fcrsc\ns \\'ho comJnittcd the prcdicarc ol'fcn cci if' Kno*lcdgc. rnlcnt or purpose rcquircd as an clcment of an ollcncc sct forth in paragraph I of tbis articlc InaY bc inferred lrom objccti!e factual circumstances Arttcle' Meas les Io cotkbalt money-launderin9 1. Each State Party: (a) Shall iostilute a comprehensivc domestic re$rlatod and supen'isory rcgime for banks and non-bank finaocial rDstilutions and, wh€re appropriate, other bodies particularly susceplible to moneylaundering. *'ithin its cohpetence, in order to deter and dctect all forms of money-launderrng, which regime sh.ll emphasize requiremcnls for customer idcntificarion, record-kecping and th€ reporting of suspicious transactionst (b) Shall, u,ithout prejudrce to articles l8 and 2? of this Con\€ntion, cnsnre that adminislJative, regulatory, lau' cnforcemeEt and other authorities dcdicatcd to combating money-laundering (includinS, whcre appropnate undcr domestic law, judicial authoritics) have the abrlity lo cooperal€ and exchange informalion at the national and intemational levels u.ithin thc condilioDs prescflbed by its domeslic law and, to that eDd, shall coDsider the establishment of a financial intelligence unit to scne as a national ceotrc for the collcction, analysrs and dissemination of information rcBarding potetrtlal money-lauodering. 2. Srates Partics shall consider implcmenting feasible mcasues to detect and moEitor the movcmcnt of cash and appropriate negotiable instrumeits across their bordors, subject to safeguards to €nsure proper use of information and u,ithout lmpeding in any way the movement of legitimate capital Swh measures ma)' include a requiremen( that rndiYiduals and busrnesses report the cross-border transfer of substantial quantitics of cash and appropriate ncgotiablc instrumcnts 3 In establishing a domcstic regulatory aod supcrvisory rcgimc under lhe lcrms of rhis arliclc, and {ithout prcjudice to any othcr article of lhis Conl'entioD, States Parties are called upon lo use as a guidehne thc rele\,ant initiatives of regional, intenegional and mululataral organizations agait1st money-laundering -5- 4 Stares Panies shall endeavour lo de\clop and promore global. retional. subregional and brlaleral cooperatron among judrcial. la\\' enforcemenl and financial reEulato+ authoiitics in ordcr to combirt moncylaunderine .irticlt'6 C r i m ! tlol i:ot ion o{ corrrption i. lacir Statc Part) shall adopl such ieqislati\ c and orhcr mcasurcs as mar' bc necessan tc cstablish ai crinrinal offcnccs. \hen committcd inlcnriotrali\': (a) Thc promisc, offcring or giving to a public ofllcial, directl) or indirectly. of an undu€ advantage, for rhe ofEcial himself or hcrself or another person or cntify, iD order that lhe olficial act or rcfrain from aclrng in the exercise ofhis or her omcial dutles; (b) The solicitation or acccptaDce by a public official, directly or indirectly, of an undue adlantage, for the official brmself or hcrself or aoothcr person or entiq', in ordcr that lhe officiel act or reftain from acti[g in the exercisc ofhis or her olficial dulics. 2. Each Sute ParD' sball coDsider adopting such legrslativc and other measur€s as may be ncccssary to cstablish as crimiDal offences conduct refcrred 10 in paragraph I of this aniclc iDvolviog a foreign public olllcial or interDational civil servaDl Likewisc, cach Stat€ Party shall cobsider establishiog as crimrnal offcDccs oth€r foma ofcorruption 3 Each Statc Party shall also adopt such mcasurcs as may be necessary to cstablish as a criminal offence participatiou as ad accomplice in an offence establshcd in accordance \r'ilh this anicle 4 For the purposcs of paragraph I of this arlicle aDd article 9 of this Convention, "public olficial" shall Ercan s public omcial or a person u'ho providcs a pubhc scrvicc ss dcfincd in the dooestic law aod as applied in thc criminal lau' of thc Stare Party in *'hicb thc person in qucstion pcrforms thal function. Article 9 Mea sure s againsl cotrupt ion l- In addiriod to lhe hcasures set forth in articlc 8 of this Convenlioo. cach State Party shall, lo lhe ertcnt appropriale and consistent NiIh its legal system, adopt lcgislatiYe, adrninistrativc or othcr cffectrvc mcasurcs to promotc inlegriq' and to prc\'ant, dctcct and punish lhe corruption of public olfi cials 2. Each Stare Party shall take measules to enswe elfective action bY rls aulhorities in the prcvention, deteclion and pudshmcnt of rh€ corruFtioD of public officials, including providrng such authorities 1rirh -6- adequatc independence to dcrer the cxe ion of inappropriate influence on thcir actions )tticlc 10 Liabilrtl of Iegal pcr.sons i tach Slaie Pafi-' shall adr,pl such ncasurci rs mai- bc Dccessal.\ consrslcn! \\ i!h its legal prrnciplcs. io cstablish thc liabilil)- ol' Iegal lcrsons for participation in serious crlmcs inYolvine an organizcd criminal group and for thc offcnces cstablishcd in accordance \\'ith articlcs 5. 6. 3 and 23 of this ConYcntion 2. Subject to thc legal principles of the State ParD', the liabili[ oI legalpcrsons may be crlminal, clvil or adminislrati\,e 3 Such liabiliq, shall be u'ilhout prejudice to the criminal liability ofthe narural persons u,ho havc committed the ofreDces 4 Each State Party shall, in particular, cnsurc that Icgal persons held liable io accordance ri'il-h this article are subjcct to cffecrive, proportionate and dissuaslre criminal or non-crimiDal sancuons, itrcluding monetary satrctions, Artrcle I l Pro se cu tion, adj ud ication a nd sanc fi o n s l. Each Statc Parly shall make the commission of an offencc eslablished in accordance \r'ith articles 5, 6, 8 and 23 of this Cotrvention liable to sanclions that takc into accouat lhe gravity ofthat offcncc. 2 Each State Part-v shall endeavour to ensure that any discretrona4 legal powers under its domestic law relating to lhc prosccution of persons for offenccs coYcred by this Convcntion arc excrcised to maximize the effectivcness of law enforcement mcasurcs in respect of thosc ollenccs and u'ith due rcgard to the oeed to deter the commlssior1 of such offcnces 3. In the case of olfenccs establishcd in accordaocc with articlcs 5, 6, 8 and 23 of this Convention, each State Party shall take appropriate measures, in accordance uith its domestic la$ and \r'ith due rcgard to the rights of thc dcfetrce. to seek to cnsure thal conditions imposed in conncction \1ith decisions oE release pendrng trial or appeal tak€ into consrderation the need to ensurc thc prcseoce of the defendant at subsequenl criminal procccdings 4. Each Statc Party shall cosure that ils courls or olhct competent authorilies bcar in mind the graYe nature of thc offenccs covcrcd by this Convcntion r\'hen considerlng the c\'entuality of early release or parolc of persons convicled ofsuch offences -1- 5 Each Statc Part)' shall. $here appropriate, cstablish under its domcslic Ia$ a long statutc of limitations pcriod in which to commcncc procccdings for anv offcncc coYcrcd b]- this ConYcntion and a longcr period \\'here thc allcgcd offcndcr has c\ adcd the administrarion ofjusticc 5 \othing contained rn this Con\'cntion shall affcct rhe frinciplc that thc dcscrrflii06 c,f thc offcnccs cstablishcd in accordancc \\ifi rhis Conlention and of thc applicable lcgal defences or other lc8al principlcs controlLing the la$fulncss of conduc! is rcscn'cd to thc dorncstrc la\\ (.f a Statc Purt) aod tbal such offcncc. shall bc prosccutcd and punishcC in accordance \\'irh $at la\ Arucle 12 Conrtscation ond scizute I States Parties shall adopr, to thc grcalcst cxtent possible u'ithin their dom€stic legal systchs, sucb mcasures as may be nec€ssary to enable confiscation oi (a) Procceds of c lrrc dcrivcd ftom offences covcrcd by this Convention or property the value of which coEcspoods to tha( of such Proceeds: (b) Property, equiprEent or orher instrumetrtalitie destined for use in offcnces covered by this ConvcntioD s used in or 2 States Parties shall adopt such measures as may be ncccssary to enablc thc identificalion, tracing, frccziag or scizurc of any ltcm referrcd to in paragraph I of $is anicle for thc purposc ofcYcotual coDfiscatioo 3. If proceeds of crimc have been transfomed or converted, in part or in full, inlo other properly, such property shall be liable to the measures rcferred to in this Mlcle instead oftbc proceeds. 4 lf procceds of crime haYc bcctr intcrmingled $,ith property acquircd from legitimate soulccs, such propcrly shall, *ithout prcjudtce to any po$,crs rclating to freczing or seizue, bc liablc to confiscation up to the assessed .ralue ofthe irtermiogled proceeds 5 Income or other bcDefits derived ftom procceds of crime, from propc )' into which procecds of crime havc bcen transformcd or converted or ftom propert) witb which procceds of crime have been intcrmingled shall also bc liable to the heasurcs rcfered to in this article. in thc samc manncr and to thc same cxtent as procccds of crimc 6 For rhc purposes of this articlc and article ll oI rhis Convention, each Slatc Party shall cmpower ils courts or other competent authoritics to order that baDk, financial or corunercial records be made availablc or be scizcd. States Panics shall not decline to act under thc protrsions of this paragraph on the gound ofbaDk secrecv. -8- : States Partics may consider the posstbillB of requiring that an R The prorrsrons c,f this articlc s|all not b. consuxcd to ollendcr dcml,nslrutc thc ]a$'ful origin of allcecd proceeds of c me or other propcrq liable to confiscation, to the cxtcnt lhat such a rcquiremcnt is consistcn! \'\ilh lhe principles of thcir domestic law and Nilh thc naturc of thc judicial and othcr proccedings prejUdrcc thc righrs of bona fide rhrrd partrcs. 9 Nothrng containcd in this arliclc shall allect thc princiFle that the mcasu.cs to \'hich i1 rcttrs shall bc dcfincd and implcmentcd in accordancc q'ith and subjccl to rhc prolisionr of lhe domestic la\'; of a Starc Po.ty Articlc l3 InIernational cooperotion -[or purposes of confiscation L A Stale Party that has tcccivcd a rcquesr from anorhcr State Party having jurisdiction over an offence covered by this ConvcDtion for confiscation of procecds of crime, propcrty, equipmcnt or other instrumentalities rcfcred to in articlc 12, paragraph l, of this Convention srruated iE its territory shall, lo the grcalesI cxtent possiblc \r'ithiD its domestic legal systcm: (") Submit thc rcqu€sr to ils competent authorities for the purposc of obtaining an order of confiscation and, if such an order is granted, givc clfect to rll or (b) SubrDit to its compete[t authoritics, wrth a vicw to givitrg ellect !o it to the extent requested, an ordcr of confiscation issued by a court in the lerrilory of the requesring Stale Party rn accotdaDce with articlc 12, paragraph t, of this ConveDtion insofar as it relates lo proceeds of crime, propc4', equiprneDl or othcr Dstrumentalities referred to in article 12, paragraph l, situatcd in thc rerritory of thc rcquested State Palty. 2 Fotlowrng a request made by anothcr State Party having jurisdiction over an offence covered by this Convention, the rcquested State Party shall take measures to idcntiry, tlace and frecze or seize proceeds of crirnc. property, equipment or orher instrumeDlaliries referred lo in arliclc 12, paragraph l, of this Conr,entron for the purpose of eYentual confiscation to be ordcred either by the requesting State Party or, pursuant to a request uoder paragrafh I ofthis articlc, by the requested Slate Parl-v 3 T}e prolisions of articlc )8 of this ConYeotion arc applicablc, mutatis mutandis, to this articl€ In addiliorl to thc inforrDation specificd ln afiicle 18, paragraph 15. requests made pursuant to this anicle shall contatni (a) In th. case of e r€qucst pcnaining lo paragraph I (a) of this articlc. a dcscription of the propert) to be confiscaled and a statemcot of the -9, facls rclied upon by lhe rcqucsting State Party su{Ticlen( to cnable tbc rrqucsted Staic Pal1-v to scck the ordcr undcr its domeslic la\\-: (b) ln thc casc of a requesl pertainin-e to paragraPh i (b) of this article. a lcgall)'admi5siblc cop\. ofan order ofconfiscalioD uPon u'hich the rcqucst is based issued b-'- lhc rcqueslins Statc Part)'. a statemcnl of thc facts and informarie,n a: lo the cxtcnt to \-hich c)icculion of thc ortler is requestedt io in thc casc of a requesl pcrtainin8 to paragaph : oi thii arlicle. a statcmcnr of Ihc facts rclicd upon by Ihc rcquesliDg Statc Party and a dcscription of lhc aclrons requcslcd 4. The decisions or actlons Provided for iD paragapbs I and 2 of rhis artlcle shall be taken by rhc requested State Part)'in accordance wilh and subjecr to (he proYisions of its domestic la\r' and its procedural rulcs or an,v bilateral or multilatcral keary, agrcemcnt or arralgemcDt lo which it may bc bound in rclaiion (o the rcqucstinS Slatc Parry Each Stale Part' shall fiunish copies of its laws a.nd regulatioDs that givc effect (o lhls article aDd of any subscqucnt changcs to 5 such laws and rcgulations or a dcsctiPtion thcreof to thc Sccretary-General of the United Nations. 6. If a State P8rty €tccts lo make the takmB of lhe mcasures referred to in paragraphs I and 2 ofthis anlclc conditional oD the existence of a relevant trcaty, thal State Perty shall consldcr this Convcntion the nccessary aod sufiicicEi traaty ba-sis 7. Coopcration uoder this article may be tefused by a State Party if the offence lo which the request relales is not atr offence colered by this ConYentioD 8. The provisions of this article shall not bc construed to ptejudicc the righs ofbona fide third parttes 9 Siatcs Partics shall considcr coDcluding bilatcral or multilatcral treaties, a8rcemenls or anangemcnts to cnhaflce the effecrivcless of htematiohal cooperation undedaken pursuant to this anicle Article l4 Disposol of confscoted proceeds of crime ot propctD l. Procceds of crim€ or proPerty coDfiscatcd by a Statc Part) pursuan! to articlcs 12 or lJ, paragraph l, of this ConvcDtlon shall bc disposcd of by that SMte Panl- in accordancc u i$ its domcstic la$' and administrative proccdures. 2. when actiD8 on the rcques( rrxrde by anoth€r Statc Party in accordaoce Nith arlicle 1l of this Convention. Slatcs Parties shall. to rhe exten! pcrmittcd by domestlc la$ and if so requesled. gi\e prioriry -10 t returnrng rhe confiscated procccds of crime or fropern. tu ::::11::ill:" lbc requeslrng rate pan). ro thrl it c: n gl\.c comlen<atron ro rtrc r,iirirns oi rhc crime or ."turn .rr"h ftrocced\ of crime or ," ,fr",, I"g,ii;ri" J,iopcrty lhEn acriog on rhc rcqu madr b.r. anothcr Sra(c pam. rn ll ar.J l,1 of i. CUrrcnrior. a Sral. panr.'mat _' gr'.: .lrcrai considcrarirn t..conclr,rJrnE aer..nr"n,. r, ,..;;;;:^,._"; ' .j accoroance Nrlh arllclc, (al Con ecds of crjme or properq' f.crinre or lroPerlv or n or funds dcri, cd Farl rhcrcof ro (c) . paragraph 2 ," XX",?'"",J*"ill,"i..ril; specializiug in rhc fight against organized ""0 crime; other States parties, on a rcgular or casc_bv_casc me or property, or fuDds derived from the sale of property, in accordance \r.ith its domcstic law or Atticle I5 Jurisdiction L Each Stale panv shall adopt such mcasu.es as mav bc necessar) rir establish irs jurisdiclion ortcr the offences ..,"Ltil#a - """ - in accordance u,ith articles 5, 6,9 and 23 ofthi. Conr.rrtion rlii.n, (a) Thc offencc rs coomirtcd in thc tcrritory oftharstatc party; or (b) Thc offetce is comrrritred on board a vesscl that is flying rhc - of that State Party or an aircraft that N registercd flag under the lr;i ;F;; Statc Parr) at thc lime thar the offence is cornrnitted. :. Subjcct to anicle 4 of rhis ConvcntioD. a State party may also establish its jurisdiction over aDy such ortcDce when: (a) Thc offencc is cornmittcd against a Dationalofrhat State part),; (b) Tbc otlcncc is commrrtcd by a laliooal of that Statc party or a statcless person who has his or ber habifual resiaer.. ' in ,ts r.nirory;i., (c) The ofreuce is: ri r One o[ rhose established in accordance wirh anicle 5 paragraph l, of this Convention and is cornmirted outsia" lri ierrit"* *ith a thc conu[ission of a scrrous crim. i;-;;;;', 'ic\\'to "iril;; (lr) Onc of lhose cstablished in accordancc t\,irh article 6 laragraph | {br {ii), of rhis Convenrion i..o"r-in.a *rrla. ii_ "no terrilorv \ rrh a \.iew io the commission of un of"r"" l,t"Ufiriid-in accordancc sith arliclc 6. paraSraph I (a) (i, or tri) * (b) (i;,-;i;,; !onleElron $.lthln its terrjtoD,, ll 3 For tho purposes of article 16, para8raFh 10 of this ^ ";; Con'ention each Statc parN shall adopr such ;, ;"., -;.,j,.". ncce<san' to cstabltsh rls jurisdrcrron o\.cr lhc oflcnccs cnr"rea tr: rfis Con\'ention vhen thc allcged offender is Jrrescnt L ir. t".r;1oq, u.6li 6*, .1 Ea:h Srarc panr. nlu\ also adopt such mcasurcs as mav bc i:je,,-:i :J c.idhlj\h ir\ turi.r.iicU.,n o\.er lhc oft.eoccs cJ\ercd ht lhi.Conlenrion \\hen thc alleged ofrtndcr is prcscnr in its rcIrirori a.a ii a.*. nor cxtradrtc him or h,:r parD. Sktc. exffcrsrng irs jurrsdjclion uoder pua8raph I or : arltcle _lt,d I. ol" lhts has bccn notified. or has orhen{ise learned. fi'at',rn. n. more o(hcr States Parties are conducting an inlestigation, pro"""r,,* judicial procceding in respect of rhi same .."ir.,, o. ;. .;;;;.;; autioritics of thosr States panics shrll. as appropriate. ..r.rl, or. \r'ith a Yic$,to cooadiDating (hcir actions "i.,fri, \l,ithoul prcjudice to DoirDs of gcneral intcrnahonal law, this Convention does not exclude the cxcrcise of any criminal jil;l:,t* establish€d b) a State party in accordaDce with its domesdc lau.. Atticle t6 Extrodiioh This anicle shall apply ro thc offelces coYcred bv lhis LoovcDtton or lD cascs nhcre an offcncc refcrcd to in articlc 3. oarapranh I {a) or rb-1. inlotves an orgaoized criminal grouft and the ;.r;.;J;" i; ,fi Nubject of rhe request for extradition is locaicd in the' t".ri;o;-"f ;; requested Slate Party, provided that the ollencc fo. ,rt i"t u'aitioo-i" sought is punishablc under the domcsric law of borb "*t ,h. ,"i;;;; S,";; Party aod the rcquest d Statc part), l. If llc rcqucst for cxkadition includcs scveral sepirale scrious cnmes. somc of wbich arc Dor cotcrcd by rhis arricle. th" ,;qu.r;.;-S;;; Party' ma1 apply rhis arttcle also m rcspect of thc latter offeoccs 3. Each inc deemed to be e\isliog bcr\reen cxtrad offences as bcrNcen thcrn lo which lhis anicle apDlies shall hc ditabte offence ;;;;;l;;;t;,;".;; panics '"res evcrv exlradirion rr*ry ,. il;;i"-,;' j;:;;:'.*i t.."*fuiai a Statc parry that makes extradttioD cooditional on lhe cxrstcnce ot a treatv recci\.es a requesl for exEaditjoD from *o*., Sf"ia Paq ilh \r'hrch il has no ex;adirioD lr.rr*. il ,"r) '* 'onlo". i;;; ' Conveorion lhe legal basis for exrradilion in ,.rp..r of' unl, ";l;, io \r'hich rhis arricle applies. - Il - 5 States Parlics that makc cxtradition cotrditional on the cxistencc of a lreat) shall: (a) At the limc of deposj! of ihcir instrument of ratificatiLrn, accep!ancc. aFproval of or acccssion to thi( Conlention. inform th. Secreran -Gcncral of lhc Uniled \atroni \\hclhcr th€), \\'ill takc this Con\en!ion as rLc legaT basis lor cooF,cralion on cxlradiii(,n 1rrih oiL.r Statcs Purtics to this Conyention: and (b) Ia fic\ do nor takc this Convcntion as lhc lc8al basis fL,j cocFcrrtron on cxradition. seek. \Lherc ilpproprial. lo concludc lrc:rtics on exradilon \\-ith olher Statcs Partics to this ConleDtion in order to implemcDt this aniclc. 6. States Parties that do not make extradiion codditional oD thc cxistence of a trcatj- shall recognize offeDces to \r'hrch lhis articlc applies as extraditable offences betll'een themsclvcs 7 Extaditron shall be subjcct to thc conditiors provided for by thc domestic law of thc requestcd State Partv or by applicablc extradrtion trealies, includmg, inter alia, conditions iE relation lo the minrmum penalty requiremelt for extradition aDd the grounds upon q,hich the requested State Parfy rnay rcfuse extradrtioD 8. States Partics shall, subject to their domcstic la$,, endcavour to expedite extradition procedures and to simplif)' cvidentiary rcquirements relatifl8 th€reto in respect of anr offence to $'hich this article applies. 9. Subjcct (o the pro\'isions of its domcsllc la$' aod ils cxtradition lreaties, the rcquested Stale Parq ma;', upon being satisfied that the circumstances so warrant and are urgent and at the r€quest of thc requesting Sta(c Pafiy, uke a person whose extradltion is sought and \r'ho is present in i(s territory into cLstody or take othcr appropriate measures to €nsure his or her presencc at extraditiotr proceedin8s. 10. A State Perty in. hosc tcnrtory an allcgcd offender is found, if it does llot extladite such pcrsoD in rcspect of an offence to which this article applies solely on the grouDd thal he or she is otre of its nationals, shall, ar lhe requesl of thc Slatc Parry seeking extradition, be obhged to submit thc case withoui undue dclay to iLs competent authorilles for th€ purposc of prosecution Those authorilies shall tak€ their dccision and conduct their proceedings irl the same manncr as in the case of anv otlcr offence of a grave nature undcr thc domcstic lau of that Stalc Part-y The States Partles conccrned shall cooperatc \\ith cach olher, in particular on procedural and evldentiary aspccts, to ensure the ellicienc) of such prosecution I! \Vheneler a State Part) is permitted under its domestic la\\'lo extradite or other$ise suficnder onc of ils lationals only upon the coDdition that tlc pcrson will bc returned to that Statu Pan)'to serl'c the senteDcc -13- imposed as a result of the trial or procecdinps for Nhrch lhc cxfadition or suEcnder of thc perscn \\as southl anC that Statc Pa.ty and rhe Sratc Partl, scckirg thc cxtradition of the person agrec q'ith this option aod othcr tcrms that thcl mal deem appropriatc. such condruonal extradition or surrcnder shall bc sufficicnl to dischargE thc obiigation set forth in paragraph l0 of this anicle 12 If cxlradilic,n. sougbl for purpc,scs c,f cnlbrcinq a scntcncc, is rcfused bccausc the person sought is a nationcl of the requestcd Starc Parr,1 thc rcqussted Pan)'shall. if its domcstic law so pcrmitr and rn conforrni!\' \yirh the rcquircmcDts of such la\. upon applcarion of $c rcqucsting Part). conslder thc cnforcem€nt of thc senteDc€ that has becn imposcd undcr the domestic las' of the requcstinS Party or the remainder thercoi ll. AEy person regardiDg whom proceedDgs arc bcing carried out in conncction with any of the offcnccs to which this articlc applies shall be Suaranteed fsir trcatmcnt at all shgcs of rhc procccdings, including cnjo)'ment of all rbc rights and guaran(ces providcd by thc domestic laq, of th€ State Party in the tcrritory ofwhich thal pcrson is prcscnl 14. Nothing iu this ConventioD shall be interpretcd as imposrng an obligation to extradite if the requcsted State Party has substantial gtounds for belic\ing that the requcst has bccn made for thc purpose of prosccuting or punishing a person on account of that pcrson's scx, race, rcligion. nationality, othnic origin or political opinions or that complianc€ Ni6 the requ€st \\'ould cause prcjudicc to that pcrsotr's positlo[ for any one of these rcasons. 15. Stalcs Partics rnay dot refilse a request for extradition on the sole ground thal the ollence is also considerod to inl,olve fiscal matters. 16. Bcfore rcftsing cxtraditioD, thc rcquestcd Slate Party shall, \r'here appropriale, coDsult \r'ilh the rcquesting Statc Party to provide il u.ith ample opporfunity to prcscnt its opinions and to provide iDformation rclcvant to its allcgation. 17 Statcs Partics shall scck to concludc bilatcral and multilateral agrecments or arangcmcots lo carry out or lo etrhaDcc thc efrcctivcness of extradition. Article l: Transfer of senrenced persons States Parties ma! considcr enlering into bilateral or muhilareral agrccmcnts or iurantemcnls oD thc traEsfcr lo their rcrritor) of pcrsons scntenced to irnprisonment or other forns of dcprivauon of libert) for ollences covcred by this Convention, iD order lhat they nu) complete thelr sentences there - 14 Articlc lil )vfutual Iego! assrstancc I Statcs Panies shall afford ooc anothcr lhe $idcst measurc of mutual lcgal assistancc id investigalioos. prosecutions and ludicial proccedings in rclatron Io the offcnces cor.ercd b1'this Convcntion as proridcd for in articlc 3 atrd shall rcciprocalll exlcnd 10 onc anothrr similaj a(slstance \\herc the rcqucstiDg Sfalc Pany has reasonablc Elounds to suspect that thc oftcncc rctcrred to in arricle 3, paragraph I (at or (b). is transnational in naturc, including lhat \ictims, 1\'itncsscs, pr-occcds, instrumentali(ics or eyidcncc of such offcnccs arc located in lhc requestcd State Party and that the offence iD!oh'es an organizcd criminal group. 2 l\,tutual lcgal assistatrce shall b€ afforded to the fullesl cxtent possible under rclelr'atrt laws, ueatres, agreemeDts and arratrgcmeDG of thc requested State Parfy with respect to ihvesligations, prosecutioDs aDd judicial proceedings in rclatioa to the offences for which a l€gal pcrcotr ma)' bc held liablc in accordance with arlicle 10 of lhis Convcotion in thc rcquesring stalc Party. 3. Mutual legal assistance lo bc affordcd in accordance with this articlc may bc requested for any ofthc follocing purposes: (a) Taking evidcncc or stalements from pcrsons; (b) Effecting scrvice of judicial documcnts; (c) ExecutiDg sea.rches al1d scizures. and fieczin8; (d) Examinin-q obj€cts and sites; (e) Providing information, cvidetrtlary items and expert evaluatioDs, (0 Providirg origrnals or ccrtificd copies of relevant documcnts and records, includiag govcrnment, batrk, financial, corporate or busiDcss rccords; (g) IdcntifyiDg or tracing procccds of crimc, propcrty, instrumenlalilies or other lhings for c\.identiar) purposes; (h) Facilitating the voluntary appearance of persoDs in thc requcsting state Part),: (i) An)' other typc of assistance lhat is not contrary to thc domcstic [a\\' ofrhe rcquesrcd S(ate Part]. 4. Without prejudice to domcstic law, the compctcnt authorilics of a State Par(y may, without prior request, transmit itrformation relatitrB lo crimiDal matlers Io a competetrt authority in anothcr State Pan) where they beleye that such information could assisl the authoriry in utrdertaking or successfull)' concluding inquiries and cnminal Proceedings or could result l5 in a requcst formulated bJ thc latrcr Srate parq pursuanl to tlis Con\'ention 5 Tbc rransmiscioo of information pur(urnr lo paragraph .t ol this articlc shall be uithou! prejudicc to inquiries and criminal proiccdings in thc Sratc of thc competent aurhorities providing thc information Tie competcni aurhorilics rcccrlins thc informalion sha!l comph u irh a rcqucsl thal said inibrmation remain ce,nfidential. cven temporari\,, or \\.iIh rcstrictions on irs usc. Ho$clcr. ihis shall nol prc\ent thc rcceiving Srale Panr lrom disclosing in s procecdinqi informalion thal is exculpaicn. tc, an accuseC pcrson. In such a casc, thc rccei\ing Srare party,shall noti[: rhc lransmrttiog Statc ParL1, pnor to thc disclosurc and, rf so rcquestcd. consult Nith the traDsmitting State Party If, in an exccptiooal casc, adrzncc notice is not possiblc, the rcceiviDg State Part-v shall rnform lhe transmitting State Party of the disclosure wirhout dela)'. 6. The provisions of this aflicle shall not aff€ct the obligations undcr any othcr Eeafv, bilateral or multila(eral, that govcrns or n,ill govcrn, in u'hole or in pal, mulual lcgal assislance. 7. Pa.ragraphs 9 to 29 of rhis article shall apply to requests made pursuant to this anicle if the States Parties in questioD arc not bound by a treaty of mutual legal assistaDce If rhose States partics arc bouod bv sucl a lrcaq, lhe corresponding provisioos of rlat trcary shall apply unlcss tbe Stales Parties agree to apply paragraphs 9 ro 29 of this n ticl" in li"u thereof. Stares Partres a.rc strongly cncouragcd to apply these paragraphs if thcy faci liratc coopcralioD. t- States Panies shall not declinc to rendcr mutual legal assisrance pursuaDt to this article on the ground of bank secrecy. 9 States Partics Eay decline to rcndcr hutual letal assistanc€ prrrsuant to this article on the g.ouod of absence of dual crimiDaliry Howcver, rhe rcquestcd Statc Pafy trlay, \r,h.r it dccms appropriatc, provide assistancc, to lhc extetrt it dccides at ils discrction, l.r"ii""tir" oi uhcther rhe conduct would coilstitutc .tr offcocc urdcr thc domcstic la*, of rhe requested Srate Parry. 10 A pcrson who is being detained or is semng a sentence in the territor) of onc State Party whose presence in anothlr Statc parh, is requested fot Flurposrs of identrfication, tcslimon:r or otherwisc proYialng assistance in obtalnrng cvrdcnce for invesrigallons, prosecutions oi.iudiciai procccdings in relation to offeDccs coveted by this Convention may bc transfcrred if thc followmB conditions arc mct: (a) The person frccl), giYes his or her ioformeil coosent; (b) The compelcnr aulhoriries of both States parties agree, subject to such condltions as those States partics may decm eppropriate ll- For the purposcs ofparagraph l0 ofthis aniclci - 16 ta) Thc Srate Parr) ro \\.hich thc person is rransfcrrcd shall havc thc authoritw and obligation to kccp the pcrson transfcrrcd in custod\,, unless othc ise requestcd or authorizcd b-v thc Stale party from u,hich thc Petson l\ as transfcrred (b) The Stare Partl to \\'htch rhc pcrson is transfcrred shall \,\.ithoul cicla\' irnplcncnr ils ottigrlicn 10 rcturn fic t.rson k) rhe custod\ of thj Siatc Part\ frorn \\h,ch lc Ferson \\as transfcrrcd as aerecd bcforeband. or ai othcrqr\c agrccLi, b).lhc compclcnr aurhorirics ofboth Srares parrics: rc) Thc Stalc Parl)' to \\.hjch thc pcrson is rransi'errcd shall nc)l requirc thc State Pan]. irom Nhich the person $,as transfcrcd to initiatc exkadilioD procccdings for the rerurn of the person; (d) Thc person transfefcd shall receivc credir for sen,ice of rhc seirtencc bcing served in the State from u.hich he or she q,as transferred for time spcnt il1 the custody of the State parq, to \r.hich he or she u,as traDsfcffed. 12 Unlcss the Slate Patty from which a pcrson js to be tEnsfened in accordance u'irh paragraphs l0 and ll of this arttcle so agrces, that person! whalcver his or her Darionality, shall not be prosecuted; delained, punished m subjccted to any other testriction ofhis o; her personal liberty in thc tcriitory of lhe Statc to u'hich tha( person is transferrid in respecr of acts, omissions or coDvictioDs prior to his or her departurc from thc territory of the Statc ftom \r,hich he or she was transferred. 13 Each Srate Party shall dcsignatc a ccotral authorily l.bat shall have the responsibiliry and pou er to receive requests for munral legal assistance and either to execute thcm or to uansmit thcm to thc compet;nt authoritics for cxecution. \\rhere a State parry has a special regioo or t€rritory \r'ith a s€parate system of rnutual legal asslstance, it may dcsignatc a distinct central authority that shall have thc same function for that r;gion or territory. Central authorilies shall ensure thc spcedy and proper execution or tansmission of the requests rcceived Where thc central author(y uatrsmits the rcquest !o a compclcnt aulhorily for cxecution, it sball encourage the speedy and proper cxecution of the request by the competcnt authoritv The Sccretary-Ceneral of the Unilcd Nations shall be notilied of thc central authority designated for lhis pupose at the time cach State part) deposils its instrumcnt of ratit'ication, acceptance or approval of or accession to this Convention. Requests for mulual legal assistance and any communicatioD rclated thcrelo shall be Eatrsmittcd ro thc central authoritics designatcd by thc Stales Parties. This requircmcnr shall be \..ithoul prejudice to rhc ri8ht of a State Party to rcquire that such rcquests and communications be addrcssed to i! through diplomatic channels and, tn urgenl circumstances, \yherc lhe Stares Parties agrec, lhrough thc Irtemational CriminaI Police Organization, if possible - t7 - t.l. Rcqucsls shall be madc in \\Titing or, \'herc possible. b)' an! means capablc of producing a $rittcn record. in a Janguage acccprablc to thc rcqueslcd Statc Pany, undcr condirions allo$ing that State Party to establish aulhenlicir-v. Thc Sccrcta^.General of (he UDited Nations shzll bc notificd of lhc Ian8uatc or laoeuages acceplable 10 each Statc Parl) at thc timc il dcf\osits irs instrument of ratiitcairon. acceflancc or appro\.al of or acccsslon lLr thls Conlcnlion In urgcnt circumstances and t\llere agrc(-d by rh( Srates Pertics. rcqucsls ms-\ bc neCc orall). brt shalt be confiflncd ir t riting lorihu idr l5 { requcsl for mutual lcgal assistancc shall contain. (a) Thc identity of the aurhoriry making lhe request; (b) Thc subjecr mafter and nature of the invcstigation, prosccurion or judicial proceediEg lo \rhich the rcquesl telates and (he namo and functions of thc authoriry cooducting the investigation, prosecution or judicial procecding; (c) -{ sunrtrlary of the rclcva.lt facts, cxcept in rclation to rcquests for the purposc ofsen,icc ofJudicial documcnts; (d) A descriptioD of the assistaDce sought and details of ady parlicular proccdure that lhe requcsling Slatc Party wishes to be followed; (e) \tr'here possible, rhe idemiq., locarion and narionalily of any person coocerned; and (f) Thc purposc for which the evidcncc, iDformation or actlon is soughl. 16. The rcquested Stale Party may request additional information 'Ahen it appears treccssary for lhc cxecution of the requcst io accordance u ilh lts domcstic law or rben it caD facililate such cxccution. 17 A requcsl shall b€ exccuted in accordancc with tbe domcstic law of thc requested Statc Party and, to thc cxtent trol conbary to thc domestic law of lhc rcqucstcd Statc Party and wh.re possible, in accordance $ith the procedures specified iD the rcquest 18. \f,herever possible and colsrstent \rith firndamcDtal princlples of domestic la\r,, when an individual is in thc terrilory of a Statc party and has to be heard as a uirncss or cxpcrt by the judicial authoriries of another Statc ParO', tic lust Statc Pari)_. may, at the requcst of thc other, peffhit the heanng to takc placc by vidco confcrence if it is lot possible or desirablc for the individual in qucstion to appear itr p.rsotr in thc territory of the requcsting Statc Party. States Panics may sgrcc rbat thc hcaring shall be conducted b) a judicial authoriry of thc requestrng Stare pary and attended by a judrcial authority ofthc rcquested State parry. l9 The rcqucsting Statc Part_v shall no! transmit or use inforhalion or evideDcc furnished by the requested State parr], for - 18 in\cstisairons, prosecutions or judicral Froceedings other fian thosc slalcd in the requesl \\'ithout the piior conscnt oI the iequeslcd Slatc Parrv '\_othin8 in this paragraph shall prevcnl the rcquesling State Part).from disclosing in its proceedlngs informarion or c\idencc rhar is cxculpaton, 1.) an accused pcrson In thc lartcr casc, thc rcquesring Sutc Parr) shall nolif) ihc rcqucslcd Statc Partv prior to rhc disclosurc and. if so rcqucsred. consulr \iih lhc requLrslcd Statc Parrl II, in an cxccprional casc. ad\ancc noticc is nol pc,ssiblc. thc rjqucirinE Starc Parrv shall infcrm thc r.quesrcd Slai. Paj.!\ of thc disclosure \rirhour dela), 20 Thc rcqucsting State Parly ma) rcquirc that the rcqucstcd Statc Parl! keep confidenlial rhc fact and substance of thc requesl. cxcepl 10 thc cxtcnt ncccssaD, to execute the requesl If th€ rcquested Statc Parq, cannot comply \r,ith thc r€quircment of confidcntialiq, lt shall promptly mform thc requesting state Party 2l Mutual legal assistaoce mav be tefuscd: (a) If the request ts not made in conformity u.ith thc provisions of thrs articlc: (b) If th€ requcstcd State Party considcrs thar execution of thc request is likcly to prejudice irs sovereignly, security, ordre public or other esscntial interestsi (") If thc authorities of lhc requestcd State Party would bc prohibited by its domestic law from carrying out the actton rcquested with rcgard to any similar offence, had it been subject to invcstigatlon, prosecution or judicial procecdings under their own jurisdiction; (d) If it would bc contrary to the legal system of the requcstcd State Parq'relating to mutual legal assistaDce for the requcst to be glanted. 22. Statcs Panies may rot refuse a request for mutual legal assistaDcc on lhe sole ground that the ollence is also considered to itrvolve fiscal matters 23. Rcasons shall be gilen for any rcfusal of mutual lcgal asslslance 21. The requested Starc Party shall execute the roqucst for mutual legal assistance as soon as possible and shall take as full account as lossible of any deadlines suggested by the rcquesling Statc Party and for u'hich reasons are gir'cn, prcferablv in thc requesl. Thc rcquestcd State Party shall rcspond to rcasonable requcsts blr the requesting Slatc Party on progress of ils handting of the rcqucst Thc rcquesting Slate Party shall Fromltly lnform lhe requcsled State Party \r'hcn thc assistancc sought is no longer required l9 25 Ifutual 1e-qal assistancc ma], bc postponcd b), thc requestcd Slatc Partl,on tbe ground that ir lnrerferes Nith an ongoing rnYcsll!31;nn. f rosecurion or judicial procecding Bcforc refusing a rcqucst pursuant Ic paragraph fl of this articl€ or postponlng i1s cxccution pursuanl to paragraph 25 oI this articlc. tllc reqLreslcd StaLc PanY shall consulr nith the rcqucsring Stalc parl\ r(, considcr \hclhur asslstancc ma\ bc granlcd sub.;ect tr, sr.rch tcrnrs and condirions as ir dcens nccessan If thc rcqucstir:r Stare part\ acccpts assistancc subjcct to rhosc conditions, rr shall complv s.ith the conrlirions_ l? \\'irhour prcjudice ro lhc appLcation of paragraph l2 of rhis articlc. a r\'itocss. experl or other person $ho. al thc r;qucst of thc requesting State PaO., conseDts to give cvidcnce rn a proceeding or to assist in an inYcstlgation, pros€cution or judicial procecding in the te;itory of the requcsting Statc Party shall nor be prosccutcd, dcuinerl, puniihed or subjectcd to any othcr rcstriction of his or her personal liberty in that teEitory in respcct of ac!s, omissions or convictions prior to his or her d€parture from lhe t€rritory oI thc rcqucstcd State party. Such safe conduct shall lca-se_uhcn the witncss, expcn or other person having had, for a period fifte€n consecutivc days or for any pi.iod agrecd -upon by the -of States Parties from the date on which he or shc has becn oflicialiv informea lhat his or bcr?reseDce is no longcr rcquircd by $ejudicial authorities, an opportunitl'of leaving, has ncverlhcless remained volunrarilv in thc lenitory offte rcquesting Slate pany or. having lefi it. has returncd of his or her own ftcc will 28. The ordioary costs of cxccutiog a requost shall be boroe by the requested State Parry, unless othcm.isc agreed by the States parties coDcemcd. If cxpenses of a subslaDttal or exlraordimry bahJ.re arc or will be required to firllll the requcsr, rhe Statcs panies shall consult to determinc th€ tenns aod conditions under which Ge rcques! will be cxecutcd, as well as the maDner in whrch the costs shall b€ borne 29. Thc rcqucsled State party (a) Shall providc lo the requesting State party copies of govemment records. documcnts or information in its possession fhat under its domeslic latr' arc available to the general public; (f) at irs discrcrion, pro\ide lo tbc requesting Statc party in , , rn partIifa). -r*hote. or subject lo such coldfllous as it deems appiopriatc, copies of any go'er,fienr rccord.s, documents or inforn,tron i, il; d;r;;;i;;i uDdcr its domestic la\r.are no! a\,ailablc to rhc gcncral public. 30. possibilily arrangcmen cnnancc thc nsider, as may be necessary, the ';; I or mulrilareral "gr".;;r'r. rposes of. give praclic;l effect to or -20- lrtrclc l9 Jotnt ih:Jcstigations Statcs Partics shall considcr concluding bilatcral or multilatcral agreemcnts or afiangemeDts \\'hercb\, in rclalion to mancrs thal arc lhc subject-of iolEstigatioDs, prosecutions or judicial procecdings in orc or moic Statcs. thc cornpetcnt authoritic\ conccrne; ma). cs_iabllsh jotnt inlcsrigati\c bodics In thc abscnciJ of such agrcemenls or joixl lnr-csllgrtiols mai.b. undcriakol bl. agieement on a"rr"og",r'"ii... casc:b\:casc basis Thc Stares Parrrcs inr.ohed shall cn-sur.l that thc soverei3nry,of thc Statc Partf in Bhosc tcrritory such invesrigation is to takc pla_ce'is fully respected Articlc 20 Spe c i a I in:9e s li gat h, e te c h h i q ue s 1. If peiEittcd by the b8sic priDciplcs of its domestic lcgal systdn, cach State Party shalt, within its possibilitics and uadcr c coDditions prcscrib€d by ils doErcstic lar*., uki thc o""""r"ry to allow for thc appropriarc usc of coDtrolled dclivcry 6fld, *l*"-""a*"a it ai""" appropriarc, for. the-usc of othcr spccial invcstigarive tcchoiqucs, suJ as clcctroEic or otbcr forns of surveillonce atrd uldcrcovcr oocratious. bv irs corEpclcnt authorities iD its tcrritory for thc purposc of cffictivcly _ combatllg organizcd crimc. ,.. For thc_purposc of iEvcstigatiDg thc ofrcaccs covqed by this ^Convcotioo. Statcs Paflics arc cDcor gcd to coDcludc, whco ncccssary, rppropriatc oi Eultilatcral agrccmeEts or arraagcocnk for usiol .bilstcral such ip€cial investigative techtriqucs io thc cotrrcxt of ioopcrarioo at thl intcmatiooal lcvcl. Sucb agrccEeEts or atlaDgcmctrts shall bc concludcd rDd iEplcrEcltcd i! full coolrliaocc with rhc priaciole of sovcrciEa couslitv of Shtcs r-Ed shall bc carricd out Etrictly in -rccordf,Dcc *itf rt-c t roos Jf thosc agrccmcots or arlrtrgcmcEts. 3. In the abscncc of an agrccmcnt or aEangcEtcnt 8s Ect forlh io paragraph 2 of this articlc, dEci6ioDs to usc 6uch spccial irvcEtigalivc techniques rt thc htcmaliooal lcvcl shall bc madc or i casc-bv-casclesis snd hay, when trcccssary, ta.kc ioto coDsidcration fiaancial arraagcmcnts and undcrEtandings with rcspccr to the cxcrcisc ofjurisdictioD by th; St8rcs Parties conccrncd. 4. DccisioEs to usc cotrEollcd dclivcry 8t thc iotcmstional lcvrt Eey, u'ith thc conscart of tbc Statcs partics cooccrDcd, ilclud€ Ercthods 6uch as iuterceptiDg ead allowiug the goods to coDtiouc iDtact or bc rcEovcd or rcplaccd iD wholc or i! part. -21 Trans-{er o-{ A icle 2l cti inat prcccedings Statcs Parties shall considcr rhe possibilit), of transfcrring to oDc another procccdings for the proscculion of an ollencc co\crcj b\, this Cr-rnlention in cascs rthcrc such lransfcr is con.idcrrd to bc in ths rni..rcsr. of rh. nrof,cr adminislrarion ofjusticc. in Fa(icular j, cases x.hcr. sc\cral juflslllclions arc in\.ohcd. wlth a \ic\\ to coDcenlraring thc prosecution ) icb 22 Etoblishncnr of crimtnai ftcord Each Sratc Parq, mal adopt such legislative or othcr mcasurcs as ma)' bc Decessary to take into cousideratioD, u[der such teflEs as and for the purpose rbat it deeins appropriate. aDy prclious coDYiction ih anothet Statc of an allegcd offendcr for the purposc of using such informatioo in crirninal procecdings rclating to aD offcnce covcrcd by this Conveotion Article 23 Crih i nol ization ol o bstr uct i oh of Just ice Each State Parq,shall adopt such lcgislative and olher [leasurcs as may be oeccssary to cstablish as criocioal offenccs. u,heD cornmifted intentionally: (al Th€ use of phlsical force. threals or intimidation or the promisc, offering or givrng of ao unduc adva[tagc to inducc false tcstimony or to interfcrc in the giving of tcstitnotry or thc production of evidcocc in a proceeding in rclation to the cotumission of offeoccs covered by this Convcntion; (b) The use of pbysical forcc, rhJeais or iltimidation ro interfere t\ith lhc excrcisc of oflicial dutics by a justicc or lau enforccmenr official rn rclauoD lo the corDmission of offeoces covered by this Conventioo. Nothing in this subpara$aph shall prejudicc lhc riSht ;f Stat"" pa.ti". to havc legislation thal protccG otbcr catcgorics ofpubtic officials. Attrcle 24 protection of witnesses L Each Stata part-v shall takc appropriate Ercasures \r,ithtn its means. to provide effecti\.e prolcction from potcntial relaliation or rnumldatlon tor u.[ncsscs io criminal procccdings who give tcstimonv conccrniop ofTcnccs. covcrcd by this Conlcnltoo ioa, uiprop.lar", io', lhcrr rcldtives and oGer persons close lo tbcm. "s ,_-,..,, . The, measurcs enlisaged in paragraph I of this anicle may aha. \rirhour prcjudice ro thc riBhls of the dcfcndanr, ll!ll1i ,nctu0rng llr.,. the nght lo due process: (a) Esrabiishing procedurcs fol rhe physical protcctioD of such Fcrsons, such as. ro thc cxrext ncccssary and fcasiblc. relocating them and pcrmittinS \\hcrc approprialc, non-disclosure or limitatlons on rhc disclosurc of inlormalron concerning the idcntitv and \r'hercabouts of such FCTSOnSt (b) Proliding c\idcnrian rulcs !o p€rrnir \Lirncss rcstimonY ro bc ci\cn in a manner rhat ensures the safet) of the \\ilness_ such as permitting tostimcn\' to be gil.cn rhrcru8h the usc of communicaltons rcchoolog). such rs video links or other adcquatc mcans 3. States Partics shall considei cntering into agreements or arrangements $,ith othcr States for the relocation of persons referred lo in paragraph I of thrs arricle 4 The provisions of this article shall also apply 10 victims insofar as they are witnesscs. Article 2i Asststance to and protection oJrictims l. Each Stare Party shall take appropriate mcasures within ils meatrs to prolide assistancc and protcction to victims of offences covered by this Convention, in particular in cases of llieat of rctaliarion or intimidation 2. Each Statc Party shall establish appropdatc procedurcs to provide acccss to compcDsation and rcstitution for victirDs of offcoccs covercd by this ConYcntion. l. Each State Party shall, subject to its domestic law' enable 'vie\A,s and concerns of victims ro be prcsentcd and considcred at appropriate slages of crimiDal proccedidgs agaiDst offendeas in a manner nor prejudicial to rhe rights of the defcnce Article 26 Measures lo ehhonce coopetation wilh lav e nforcement dut horitie s l. Each Slatc Parry sball take appropriate measrues lo encourage persons \yho parttcipate or who have panicipated in organized crimrnal groups: (") To supply informa(ion useful to compctcD! authorities for inr'estigat['c and evidcntiary purposcs on such mallers as: G) Thc identil\'. Daturc, composition, strucnlre, location or activilics of orEanizcd criminal groups; (ii) Links, including intemational links, with olher organrzed criminal gtoups; -2i- (iii) Offenccs that organizcd criminal ErouPs ha\'e committed or maY commlti ib) To proYide facNal. concrctc hclp to comPclenl authorilics lha! contribure 10 deprivinS organized criminal groups of their rcsourccs or ma) oI !he procecds olcrime: Each Statc Part) shall considcr pro\.idille lbr the Possibilit\'. in apnropriatc cascs. of mitieatins punishmcnt of ao accuscd frcrson \\'ho prolidcs substantial cocpcralioR in thc ilrvcsligatior- or prosccution oI a:1 oll'cncr co\ crcd b) this Con\ cntion Each Statc Parly shall considcr proliding for lhe possibilit)', in I accordancc with fundameltal principlcs of is domeslic lau', of ganting immuniq' from prosecutron lo a Person $'ho pioYidcs subslantial cooperation in the iuvestigatioD or proseculion of an oflencc covered by thrs Cotrv€ntiod. 4 Protcction of such pcrsons shall bc as Provided for in article 24 ofthis Convention. Where a person refcrrcd to in paragraph I of this anicle located in onc Statc Party can Provide substantial coopcration to the competcDl authoritics of aDolher Slatc Party, th€ Sta(cs Paftics concemed may coDsider enteriEg into agrccrncDts or arrangements, in accordaDcc wirh thcir domcstic law, coaccming the potctrtisl provision by the other State Party of the treatmen! sct forth in paragaphs 2 aud 3 of this arliclc. 5. Atticle 27 L o& e nJo rc e m e n I co oPe r a I ion Sratcs Partics shall cooperate closely with one aoother, consistcn! \vith their rcspcctive domcstic legal aDd administrative systems, to eDhaocc the clfcctiveiess of law cnforccmetrt action to combat tho olfences covcred by this ConveDriotr. Each Staie Parry shall, io palticular, I adopt effcctiYe mcasurcs: (a) To euhaace and, wherc necessary, to establish channels of comrnuiication batwcctr tbcir compcleDt authoritics, agcncics and services in order to facllitate thc sccure and rapid exchange of informarion concemiDg all aspccts of thc offences covered by this Convention, including. if the Statcs Panies coocerned dccm it appropriate, links with olher criminal activltics; (b) To coop.rate $ith othd Sta(cs Parties in conductinB inqudes wift respcct to offences coYcred b) this Convcntion conceming. (D The idenrilr, ',\'hereabouts and activities of persons suspected of involvemcnt io such offcnces or the locatioD of other persons concemed; -2{- (ii_) The molemcnt of procecds of crimc or property der,\'ed from thc coirmission of such oficnces. (iiil Thc movemcnt of propcrn. equipment or !'ll)cr inslrumentalilies uscd c,r intcnded for u\c in thc cornmission ofsuch offcnces: T,. lr.\idc. \'h.r .rffronriarc. ncc(.. rn ilcm.: or qudntrtiJi , l subcranccs for analllical or in!esticalivc purposcs: (d, To facilrtate cllcctilc ccordination benrccn thcir comlctcnt aulhorillcs, agcncics aod services arrd to prornote the cxchange ofpersonncl and othcr expcrts. including, subjcct to bilatcral agrccmetrls or arang€mcnts bentccn the States Panies concemed- thc posling of liaison ofEcers: (c) To exchange information u,ith other States Panies on specific mcans and merhods used by orgaaized criminal groups, includiog, r,here applcable, routes and convcyances and thc usc of falsc identities, allered or false documents or olher mcans ofconcealing tleir activities; (t To exchange information aEd coordiEale adminis[ative and other measures iaken as appropriat€ for the purpose of €arly identification ofthe offences coyered by this CoDvention. 2 With a vie$ to giving ellect to lhis Conyention, States Partics shall consider entering into bilatcral or multilatcral agreements or arraDgemcnls on dircct cooperation bctwcen thcir law cnforccment ageDcigs and, wherc such agrcemeDts or arrangcmcnls alrcady cxisl, amcnding thcm- In the absence of such agreements or arrangements between the Statcs Parties concemed. thc Parties may considcr this ConYentioD as the basis for rnutual laN enforccmenl cooperation lD respcct of the offeDccs covered by this Convcntion. Whenevcr appropriate, Slatcs Parlies shall makc full use of agrecments or aEangements. including intcrnational or re8ional organizations, to cnhance lhe coopcration bct$een their law cBforccment agenclcs 3 Statcs Parties shall endeavour to cooperate within lheir means to respond to transnational organizcd crime cornmitled through the usc of modem lechnology Article 28 C ol le c t io n, exchonge ond o nal ) s t s qf i dorma t iotl oh lhc hoture oforganizcd crifia I Each State Paq shall consider analysing, in consultation wllh thc scienlific and academic communilies, trends in organized crime ln its territory, thc circumstances in $'hich organized crime opcrates, as wcll as the profcssional groups aDd lcchnoloEies inlolted -25- 2- Statcs Parties shall considcr devcloping aod sharing anal)'rical experdse conccrniog organizcd criminal acli\ities 1\'ith cach othcr and rhrough iorcrnalional and rcgional organizations For that purpose, common dcfiniuons. standards and mcthodologies should bl3 dctelofed and aPPticd as aPpr0pflate 3 Each State Part] sh:ll ccnsidcr rncnitc,ring ils P.'lici.. ard aclual mea"urcs t(, conrba! orpanizcd crimc and making asicss cnts of thcir eliccti\ encss and cflicicncr Articlc 29 Training ond lcchnicol os5islon( 1 Each Starc Party shall. to the extcnt nccessar)', initiate, deYclop trainmg programmes for its le\r' eDforcement petsoDnel, spccific or improvc including prosecutors, invcstigating magistratcs and customs pcrsonncl, and other personnel charged \f ith thc pravertion, dct€ction aod collrol of lhe oflences colered by this ConYention. Such prograrnmes may include sccoDdmcnts and cxchangcs of staff. Such prograrnmes shall dcal, il1 particular and to thc extenl pcrmittcd by domcstic lau', \'ith tbe followin8: Merhods uscd in the prcvention, detection aDd control of ihe off€nces covcred by this Convention; G) (b) Routes and techniqucs uscd b1' persous suspectcd of involvemeDt iII offcnces covcred b1' this Convention, including in transit Statcs, end appropriatc countciEcasurcs; (c) Motritoring of the movcmcnt of coDtraband; (d) Detection and moiitoriog of thc movcments of proceeds of crime, propeny, equipmenl or other inslrumenlalilies and methods uscd for the traDsfcr. conccalmeEt or disguise of such procccds, propcrty, equipment or olher insrumentalities, as w€ll as methods used io combating moneylaundcring and othcr finaocial cri@cs, (e) Collectionofcvrdencc; (f) Control tcchniques in frcc tradc zones ald free porls; (g) Ir{odem lau,cnforcemcDt €quipmcDt aod tcchniques, iDcludiD8 eleclronic suryeillancc, controlled deliveries ard undercover opcratioDs; (h) Nlethods uscd in coglbatiDg transnational organized crime commined tkough th€ usc of computcrs, tclccomfiunications nein'orks or other lorms of trlodcr! technology; and (i) 2 Merhods used in the prolcction of YictifiE and wrtncsses. States Parties shall assist one aDother in planning aDd lmplcmcnling rescarch and training progranuncs deslgncd to share cxpcrtise in the arcas referrcd to in paragraph I of this afliclc and to that end shall also, \r'hen appropriate, usc rcgional and intcrnational conferences 26- .{. In ttre casc of cxjsrilrs ot he, ::i.s-::res de\,lopmeht :,npt:^!:i;i!:iL,r" r,*c n ion t hrouph __o,, ecohohic aad tachnicol ostistonro States parties shall make r and in coordiDation *;; ;;.; ';;:,""lttele, ralron al various le'cls q irh *-o,'lrl *.,I" and combat €fforls to the cxl'Dr possible dc'elopins tog.lh. ."p"c,ty of the Iatrcr to prevenl rri ":ilil::' l,. oll.,ffi ;"on ^T:'ertar "rl"*' ery errecrir and ro herp'th;;il,.", assistance ro suppon rhe ff :'.::"..1#::ill":::"J,11:, nYeDttoni ..,,. (d) To cocouragc and pcrsuade other States and financjal insdrutions as appropriate to join lhem in cfforls in accordancc u.ith this arlicle, rn particular by proudioB morc lraining protrammes and modem cquipment to der eloprng countries in order to assist thcm tn achicvlng thc objecti\cs of lhis ConYenton3 To thc cxlcnl lossiblc. thcse mcasurcs shali bc \\'ithout prc'ludrcc tt criisllng foreign assistancc commilments or to olhcr financial cooperation arraitgcmcals at the brlatcrrl. rcgional or intcrnational Ic\,ci -1. Sktcs Parties mal concludc bilatcral or multilateral agreemcnts or arangements oD matcrial and logislical assistancc, taking inlo cotrsiderarioo the firancial afiangenrots Eecessar),for thc rDcans of intcmational coopcratioD provided for by this Convcntion to bc effectivc and for thc prevcntion, dctcction and con[ol of transnational organized crlme. Athcle 3l Prevehtion l- Slates Parties shall eDdeavour to dcYelop and cvaluate narional projects and !o cstabtsh and promote tresl practices and policies aimed at the prevcntion of lransaational orgaDizcd crime 2. Slales Parties shall codcavour. io accordaocc wtth fundamental J,rinciplcs of their domestlc lau', to reduce cxisting or future opportudties for organizcd crimiDal groups to paflicipate ln lawful markets \.,ith proceeds of crimc, through eppropriatc lcgislalive, administsativc or othcr measures These mcasures should focus on: (u) The sueDgthcning of cooperation betw€en lau, cnforcemenl agencics or prosccutors and relcvant privatc cnliries, includinB industry; (b) The promotion of thc developmcbt of standards snd procedures designed to safcguard thc intcgrrty of public and rclevant pnvate cnltlles, as uell as codes of conduct for rclevant professioos, in particular lawyers, notaries public, tax consultants atrd accoutraaDls; (cl Thc prcvention of the misuse by organized criminal groups of tender procedutcs conduocd by public authorities ard of subsldie; and licences granted by public authorities for comrhcrclal activity; (d) The prcvention of thc misuse of lcgal pcrsons by organized crimiral groups; such measures could lnclude. (i) The establishmcnr of public iccords on lcgal and natural persons inYolved io the establishment, managemcnt aod funding of Iegal persons; fir, The introduction of rhe possibility of disqualifoing b1. courr orocr or anv appropnatc mcans for a rcasonable period of timc pcrsons conricted of offenccs covcred b1, lhls C;D.\,ention from 28 actiDg as dlrecrors of lcgal persons incorporarcd \irhin their jurisdictionl /iii) Thc esrablishment of national rccords of pcrsons disqualificd from a.1ing as directors of legal persons, and iir t Thc exchancc of infrjrmation conlaincd in thc records rcferled \, in subparasraph" (dr iil and fiiir ol rhis narasrafh \\iih rhc comFetcnr of orhcr Staics Parties ^uthoriries I Slatcs Par(ics shall endca\our to Dromolc lhe rcintccra[ion into :^c c!],. r' fc:.onq ccnvictcd (.f otfcncci cc\.:rcd by rhr, Conrentrin .1 Statcs Parties shall eDdea\our ro c\aluate pcriodicall), cxisling reletant Iegal inskuments and admlnistrati.\,e practiccs $,ith a view to detcctinS their vulDcrability to misusc by organized crlminal groups. 5. Slatcs Partics shall cndeavour to promote public aN,areness r€gardhg thc cxisteDcs, causcs and gravity of and thc thieat poscd by Eansnational organlzcd crirhe. InformatioD may be dlsseminated wherc appropflate through the mass media and shall include Deasures to promote public panicipallon in preventing aod combating such crihc. 6 Each Statc Party shall inform the Secretary-Geoeral of the UDiled Nations of the tramc and addrcss of the authoriLv or aulhoriries thal caD assist orher States Partles in developing mcasrles lo prevenl traDsDattonal organized crinrc 7 States Parties shall, as appropriatet collaboratc wlth cach other and rclevant intchatioDal and rcgloDal organizatioos in promoting and der,eloping the measures refered to iD this articlc. This racludcs pa(rcipation in intemational projects aimcd at the prevention of traDsnalional orgarized crime, for example by allcYiatint thc circumstances that render socially margiDalized groups vulnerable lo the action of transnational or8anizcd crimc. Arricle 32 Conlerence ofthe Pa rcs to the Conventioh I A Conferencc of the Parties to the Convention is hereb) established to improve the capacitv of Statcs Parlies lo combat traNnalional organized crime and to promote and revic\\ the implementation of this Convcntion 2 Thc Secretary-General of the United shall convene the ^-ations Confercnce of thc Panies nol latcr than one ycar follo\\ing rhc cntry into forcc ofthis Convention The Confercnce ofthe Parties shall adopt rules of procedurc alld rules goYerning the acti\itics set fo h m paragTaphs 3 and 4 of this anicle (including rules concerning payment of expenses incurred in carn ing out thosr acdviti€s) -19- 3. Thc Confcrcnce of thc Parties shall agroc upon mechaDisms for achic!ing tbe objcctilcs mentioncd in paragraph I of this arriclc. including: (a) Facilitating acti\.ilies b) States Parries undcr antclcs 29. 3tr and 31 of this Con|ention, including by cncouragin8 the mobilizarion oI \,oluiltar\, conlributions: (bt Facilitating thc cxchangc of informatron arhont SEtcs Parlics on fatterns and trends iD lraosDational organized crimc anC on succcssftr! pracliccs for combsting it: (c ) Cooperatlng Nith rclclant intcrnalional and rcgiooal organizalrons and non-Sovernmental orgaDlzatrons; (d) Revicl*,ing periodicall) thc implementarion of rhis ConvcDtion; (") I{akiog recomrnendations to improvc this Co!\,.ntioD and its implemcntation 4. For thc purposc of paragraphs 3 (d) aod (c) ofthis artrcle, the Conierence of thc Partics shatl acquir€ the occessary kno\r,ledge of the measures takeD by Statcs Palties in iEplcmentiDg this Convcntion and the dif,iculties encouutercd by thcm in doing so through iDformatioD provided by th€m and through such supplemental rcvie$ mechaDisms as may bc estabhshcd bl the Coofcrencc ofthe Paflies 5 Eacb Statc Party shall provide the Coofcrcncc of the Parti.s with fuformatioD on its programmcs, plaos and practiccs, as ucll as legislalivc atrd administrative measures to implamelt this Convention, as requrred by the Coofercnce ofthe Paflies Article 33 Secretarnt t. Thc Secrctary-Gcneral of th€ United Nations shall provide thc ncccssary lecrctariat scniccs to the CoDfcrcncc of ftc Parties to thc ConvcEtion. 2 The secrelariat shall: (a) Assist lhc Confercoce of tlc Parties io carrying our thc actiYitics set fo(h in article 32 of this ConveDtion and makc arraDg€menls and provide the nacessarv scn,ices for thc scssions of the Confcretrcc of tlc Panics; (b) Upon rcqucst, assist Statcs Panles in providing informatioh ro the Confcrcncc ofthc Panics as er\.isaged in anrcle 3:, paragrapb 5, of fits Convention; and (c) Ensure thc necessary coordioation lr.ith the sccr€tariats of relevanl intehatiooal and regional organlzatlons. l0- A icle 3J lnplcmcntation of the Conrehtion Each Slalc PartJ, shall takc the necessary mcasurcs. includin3 lceislatiYc and adminislrati\e measures. in accordancc $.ith fundamcnraj principles of its domesuc lau. (o cnsurc thc rmplemcnta!ion of its obliqallons unCcr this Conl enlion 2. Thc ofiences established in accordancc \\.ith articlcs 5. 6. g and fl of rhis Conren(ion shall be cslablishcd in thc domcstic laN of cach Stalc Part) indcpcndcntlv of thc transnatiorral naturc or the in\.oh,cmcnr oi. an organizcd criminal group as described jn arriclc l, paragraph I. of this Convenrion, except ro rhc exrenr that aflicle 5 of thi; Co;v;nrion \\,ould require thc inYolvcmcnt olan orgaDizcd criminal group 3. Each State part) may adopt more stricl or sevcre measures than lhose providcd for by this Convenrion for preYeating and combating transnational orga!ized crime. Article lj Sellemefi ofdsputes I Statcs Parties shall ctrdcavour to settle disputes conceming the iDterpretation or applicalion ofthis Conyention through negotiation " 2. Any dispute behvcen tu,o or rhore States partics conceroing the interprctarion or application of this Convention that cannot be settiei tbrough negotiation \\,ithin a rcasotrable tihc shall, ar thc requcst of onc of those Sratcs Parties, be submincd to arbitmhon. If, six months aftcr thc datc of the requcst for arbitratioD, those Slates partles are unable to on *" or8anizalion of-thc arbitratton, any onc of those Stales parties m;y "gr""refer the drspute to the Intemational Cour! of Justice by rcquest in accorjaoce u.ith thc Statutc of the Court_ l. Each State Parry may, at the time of signature, ratification_ acccptancc or approval of or accession to this ConvenlioD, dcclare that it docs nor considcr itsclf bound by paragrapb 2 of this anrclc. Thc other Stares Panres shall nor be bound by paraglaph 2 of tbis arliclc with respecl to anv Shte Parq. lhat has made such a reservatron 4. An)' SEte Party that has made a reservatior in accordancc with para-graph 3 of this arricle Inay at any lime lr.ithdra\\. that rcscn.ation by notificatron ro thc Sccre(ary-Gcncral of rhe L'niled Nattons. Atticle 36 Signatufc, ralilcation, acceptahce, opprotol ond accessut L This Convention shall be open to all States for sitnature from 12 to 15 Deccmbcr 2000 in Palcrmo, Italy, and lhcreafter at Unlircd r,{ations Headquarters tn New York until l2 December 2002. - ll - 2. This Conlcntion shall also be opcn for srgnature b1'regional cconomic integration orgaoizarioDs provided thal al least one mcmber Sratc of such orSanizalion has signed rhls Conlcnlion rn accordancc rvith paragraph I ofrhis a-nicle I This Con\.ention is subject ro ratil'icalion. acccptancc or approral insrnrments of ratiiication, acceptaDcc or approral shall bc dcf(.sitcd Nith thc Sccrclan-Gencral of lbc Lnitcd \arions ,\ rcgtonai ccanam:c llrlcgralion orqanlzatloi'l ara) depoiii iLs instrumcnt of ratification, acccptance or approval if at lcasr one of irs mcmber States hrs donc likcrvise In thar inslrumcnt of ralificarion. acccprancc or appro\al. such or8anization shall dcclarc thc exlent of its competencc u,ilh respec! to thc matlers govemcd b-v lhls ConveDlion. Such organization shall also inform lhe deposrtary of any releYanl mod!fication iD thc extenl of its comPctence 4. This ConvcdtioD is opcn for accessioo by a,ly State or aDy regioDal cconomic iotcgration orgatrizatioo of \r'hich at lcast onc member Starc is a Parry to this Convcntion lEsEumcnts of acccssion shall bc deposited $ ith the Secrctary-General of rho United Nations At lhe time of its accessioD, a rcBiotral cconooic iutegaation organization shall dcclare the cxtent of ils compelcnce with rcsp€ct to lnancrs govcrned by this Coovention. Such organization shall also inform thc dcposilai], of any r€levant modification in thc cxtcnt of iG compctencc Article 37 Relolioh with prolocols 1. This Convention may be supplemcnted by one or more protocols 2. In order to bccomc a Party to a protocol, a State or a regional cconomic intcgration orgalizatioo must also bc a Pafi to this CooYcEtion 3. A Statc Parq' to this Convcntron is not bound by a Fotocol unless il becomcs a Party to thc pro(ocol iD accordancc \r'ith thc provisions thereof 4. Any protocol to this Convention shall be interpreted together u rlh this Convcntion, takirg inlo account tbe purpose ofthat protocol A icle 38 Entry inro forcc I This Convention shall cnter lnto force on the oherieth daY aftcr the date of dcposit of lhe forlieth insrumeDt of ratificatron. acceptancc, approlal or accessiotr For the purpose of this paragraph. an1, instrumenl deposired by a regional cconomic inlegratioD organization shail not be counted as addirional lo thosc deposited by membci States of such orSanlzatton. l2 - 2 For each Srate or reeional cconomic inrcgrarion organization ra!iffing, accepring, appro!ing o. accedins ro rhis Convcnriorl aftcr the dcposit 01 lhe forticlh instrument of such action. this Convention shall cntcr into force oa the thinieth dav aftcr the date of deposir b1 such Starc or orgaoizatiox of lhc rclcvanl instrument .1t t icI 39 ,1mc ndmc n t 1 Aftcl thc cxpiry of ii\c vcals ftonr thc cntrv rnto forcc of lhis (onreuion, a Sratc Parr\ mil propolc an amendmenl and filc it \\'ilh thc Sccretan-Gcneral of the Unilcd Narions, .$,ho shall lhcteupon communicatc thc proposcd ameDdmcDt to thc Stalcs Parlies and to the Confcrence of the Panies to lhe Conlcntion for rhe purpose of considcritrg and deciding oD thc proposal The Confercncc of the Parties shall make every elfofl b achieYe conseDsus oo each atnendmen( If all efforts at cor$ensus have been exhausted and Do agreement has been reachcd, the amendmcot shall, as e last rEsort, requirc for its adopttoo a t\ro-thlrds majority vote of the Slates Parties prescnt and voting at thc mecting of thc Conference ofthe parties 2 Regional economtc intctration organizatiors, in rnafters u,ilhiE thcir competeDce, shall exercise their right ro vote und€r this articl€ with a number of votes equal to thc nulIlbcr of their member States thal are parties to this Convention Such organizalions shall not excrcisc their right to vote ifthcir member Statcs ex€rctse thei$ and !ice vetsa 3. An amcDdDenl adopted in accordance u'ith paragraph I of thls article is subj€ct lo ratrficarioo, acccptaoce or approval by Statcs panies. 4 An amcndment adopted in accordance with paragraph I of this article shall enter into force in rcspect of a Stare Parry oitetv days after the date of$e deposil uith the Secrctary-General of thc U ted Nariorrs ofan instrumedt of ratification, acceptance or approval of such amendment. 5. \Vhcn ao amendmetrt cnters into force, it shall bc binding on those Stalcs Partles *'hich have cxprcssed thcir conscnt to bc bound by it. Other Statcs Parties shall still be bound by thc provisioDs of this Convention and any earlier amendments that they have ratified, accepted or approved. -4rticle 40 DenuncMtlon I A State Party may denounce this ConveDtion by u'ritten nolification to the Secretary-Ccncral of the United Natiofls. Such denunciation shall become effective one year after thc date of receipt of the notrfication b,v the Secretary-General 2 A rcgional economic intcgration orSanization shall cease to bc a Pa() !o this Convention $ hen all of its member States have denounced i( 3 Dedunciation of rhis Corvcntion in accordaoce \\'ith paragraph I of this a rtlclc shall cota i I th c denu[c iatlon of any protoc ols (h€rc (o. Article 4l Deposirory ond languoges I Thc Sccrctan-Gencral of thc Lnrred \ations is dcsignarcd dcposita+ of this ConycntioD : fhe original of rhis ConlcDrion, ofuhich rhc Arabrc, Chinesc. English, French. Russian and Spanisb texrs arc cquall), aurhcntic, shall be depositcd wlth the Sccretar,v-Gencral oftie UDitcd Nations. IN \\'ITNESS II'I.IEREOF, rhe undcrsigned pleEipotcnriaries, beinB duly authorized therero by th€ir respectivc Govcrlmcits, have signcd this CoDvcntio! -i,t