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PROTOCOI- TO PREVE\T. ST'PPRESS A\D PT'\ISH TRAFFICKING I\ PERSO\S. ESPECI.{LL}' \\'O},IE\ AND CHILDREN. SL]PPLEME\TI\'G THE L \ITED NATIONS CONVENTION ACAINST TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME Advue copr offi. .utiotic t it Th. copy etufiGd bI th. S!*rrr-O.trf,Iwitlt iisu.d !r ! l.r.r rimc UNITED NATIONS 2 000 PROTOCOL TO PREVEN'I'. ST'PPRESS AND PLTNISH TRAFFICKING rN pERsoNS, EspECrelr_r. u,oniri:i_rn CHILDREi\-, st'ppl-E\rENTr\c THE uxlrnniiii<iri co\\'ENTroN AGAn\sr rRANsNATrosoronc.lniiii c-nrrrn Prcamblc Jhc Stat(s pottits tL, tht ptotoL.ol. Dtclat itlg tllat cffccti\c action lo preycnl and combat traffickin! in pcrson\. cspecirll) rromen and cltil{lren. requtr(s u a".r."f,"r.,r,. rnlernalronal approach in the counrries oforrgin. riansir ; d..;;;;i;;;';r, includes mcasures ro pre'cnr such rrallickin!. a pr",.r, if,.i,"li.l... to prorecr rhc victinrs of such rrafficking. incl,ia,rg Uy ""a' p."i..rlrg ii"'i, rnternationall) recogntzed human rights, Tu*ihg tht inlemational . despite the existcnce ofa varierr 6f insr * "ia p.*,i""r-"r..rr;;r",;:,j,jo;l lly women and children, there is no lhe explotration unrversat insrrum ispects oftrafficking i;;";;;. " "" Concerned lhal. in lhe absence of such an inslrumenl, persons who are vulnerable to trafficking u ill not bc sufliciently prorected. Pecal,fi,g General Assembly In which the Assemblv decr inlergovemmental ad hoc commine comprehensive internalional conven crime and of discussing rhe elabor rnstrumenl addressing trafficking in women and chrldren. Convinced thal supplemenling the United Nations Contention agarnst transnalronal Organized Crime with an international insrrument for lhe prevention. suppression and punishmenl ir_ espectaly women and children. will be useful tn"fpreventing ""m.f.i"* ".,.""1 ind combaring thal crime, Hore agreed as folloy,s: l. General provisions Article I .B Rclotio,l ith lhe IJnitcd Nalions Conwnti.rh agat,tsl Tronsnotional Organized Crinta . l_ This Proloco supplements rhe Untted Nations Conrention together $ilh aEtatnsl transnalronal Orga ized Crime. It shall be inlerpreted tIe Convention I Ihe prorisions of the Con\ention shall appl\. nrularis flrutandis. lo lhis Protocol unless orher\\,isc pro\ idod herein 3 The offenccs esrablished in accordancc \}.ith arriclc 5 ol this Protocol shall be regard,:d as olferrces cstablished in accordancc \,ith rhc ('onr ention A iclc 2 Stotenrcnt olpurporc Thc purposes ofthis Protocol are: (a) Io prevenr and combat trafficking ln persons. pa] tng particular altention to \romen and childrcn; (b) To protect and assist the victims of such trafficking. \r,irh full respect for their human rights: and (c) To promote cooperalion among States Pa(ies in order to meet lhose objectives Arlicle 3 Use ofterms For the purposes ofthis Protocol: (a) 'Trafficking in persons" shall mean the rccruitment. transportalion. transfer. harbouring or receipt of persons, by means oI the threat or use of force or other forms of co€rcion, of abduction. of fraud. of deception. of the abuse of pouer or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the conseot of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation Exploilation shall include. at a minimum. the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services. slavery or pEctices similar to slaver). servitude or the removal of organs: (b) The consent of a victim of trafficking in persons to rhe intended exploitation set forth in subparagraph (a) of this anicle shall be irrelevant *'here an]'of the means set fo(h in subparagraph (a) ha\'e been used: (c) The recruitmenl. transponation- transfcr. harbourrng or receipl of a child for the purpose ofexploitation shall be considered 'tralficking in persons er'en if this does not involve any of the means set forth in subparagraph (a) oflhis art icle I (d) Child'shall mean an) person under eighteen years ofage non-8o!ernnrCntal or!anizatrons. oth l:lements ol cr\ il soci(t\. 3nd. in paflicular. (a) Appropriateltousrngl the prr.r isirrn oI (c) \4edical. ps)chological and natcrial assistancc: and (d) Emplo),menl. educational and trarning opponuntties_ lake into account. in appllinp the nder and special needs of vicriirs of e special needs of children. including the ph)'sical its territorJ .6 Each Slate pan) shall ensure thal its domestic legal slslcnt conratrs measures that ofl.cr r iclims of rramcling in persons the possibilit) oI nFlJrntn compen\ation lbr damage sullered. A,.titlc 7 Stotus ofr,icttm:, o/ t, a/.ficktng th pct tn tecetying gotes - t. sons In addilion to taking measures pursuant lo arlick 6 of this shati consider r.*,,i""_:. ""."'"*X) .pary ujp-.of""1. measures thal "arpu"* ir-p..r"". pcrmit viclims of traffickin; ,J * r"".rl" .-.,, ll:pl:..1! srare rn rts rerflron,. temporafll).or permanently, in approprii'te ,I!]:..j,i18 rhe provision conrained c;;;- - '- in paraBraph I ofrtris ."on-.ij.r."iion -.io d,rur€.. -"^,]n Stale parl) shall give appropriare ".,,",., eacr numanttafl an and compassionale faclors A iclc 8 Repotriat ioh of y i c t i nls of I rollc ki,1g i h pe No h t a viclim oflrafllcking in persons is a e nghl of permanent rcstdence at thc receiving Slate part-! shall facilitarc fet], of that person, the rcturn of thar pcrson \\,ithout undue or unreasonable delav 2. \\,hen a Slale partv retu a Srate Pan) ofuhich thar person is lhe time of entr) into the teritoo o permanent residence. such retum shall -4 tha( pcrson and for thc srarus of ant lcgal procecdings relaled 10 rhc facr that rhe pcrson is a !rcrim ofrraflicki;g ana shatt prcfer'aUt1.Uc..fr,,*rr. --' Pan)' shall. $.ithout undue or unrcasonabli dclar. vcri'R, .r.I,;ih* ;;;.";; permancnr rcsidencc in ils territon.a the rccei\ in! Star€ Pan\ ;:'J:ll,?t rq:i:'il'i: residence ar r he rime of enrrr.,". *.,:;,,:Ln"T shall atsrec to issue. al the request the receiling State panli o ,u.f,,._i documenls or other authorizalion as may be necesiarl,ro.nrbl. th. p...o, to tra\.el lo and re-enter ils territory 5 This article shall be without prejudice to any righr afforded to vicrims ot rrallickint in persons b1. any domisric taw of ihe iecerling Siare Paro 6. This article shall be wilhout prejudice to an1, applicable bilateral.or multilatcral agreement or arrangement that governs, in whole o, in part. the return of victims oftrafficking rn persons. III. Prer.cntior, coopcrstior and othc, mersures Article 9 Preye nt ioh of tratfi c ki hg m persoh:i l_ States parttes shall establish comprehensive policies. programmes and other measurcs: (a) To prevent and combat trafficking in persons: and (b) To prorecr viclims of trafficking in persons, especially women and children, from revictimizarion. 2 States Parties shall endeavour to underlake measures such as research. information and mass mcdia campaigns and,o"iul ona aaonorni. initialives to prerent and combat trafticking in persons. 3 Policies, programmes and other measures established in accordancc r\ith this anicle shall. as appropriare. include cooperation with non-gorernmental organizatioIls. other relevant organizarions and other elements ol-ci\.il society 4 Slates pantes shall lake or slrenglhen measurcs. includi c -i".i.1, throuSh hilarcral or mullitarerat cooperarion, ,,i lnri make persons. especiall). uomen and children. rulnerable "rr*i". ro tram"king. - -_ =' such as porerlr. underdevelopment and lack ofequal opportun,O. ii. -5- 5 States Pa ies shall adopl or strenglhen Iegislatiyc or olher nrcasurcs. such as €ducattonal. social or cultural measurcs. includins rhrou!h hilatcral and nrullrlateral cooperalron ti, drscouragc rhe dr:mani that fostcrs all forms of exploitation of persons. l:snecialll $omcn and children. that Ieads ro (rafficking At ticl! lt) I nlo nnat ion cxc han ge on tl t ra t n i ng I l,a\\' enforcement, immigration or other rele!ant authorit,cs of States Parlies shall. as appropriate. cooperate \ ith one another by exchanging information. in accordance $.ilh their domestic lau. to enahle them to dctennine: (a) Whether tndivrduals crossing or atlempling to cross an international border $ith lravel documents belonging to other persons or urthout travel documenls are perpetrators or yictims of traffickrng ln persons: (b) The types of travel docuhenr rhat individuals have used attempled to use to cross an international border for the purpose of trafllcking tn persons; and (c) Thc mcans and methods used by organized criminal groups fbr the purpose oI tralficking in persons. including the recruit;ent and transporlalion of viclims. roures and links between and among indiriduals and groups engaged in such tramcking. and possible measures ior detecting them 2 States Panies shall provide or strengthen training for law enforcement. immigrarion and other relevant offictals in the prevenrion of trafnckinB in persons The training should focus on methods used in preventrng such uamcking. prosecuting the rraffickers and protecling the flghts of lhe victims. including prorec(ing the victims from rhe traffi&ers The training should also take into account the need to consider human rights and child- and gender-sensitive issues and ir should encourage cooperation \\ith non-governmental organizations. other reler.ant organizations and other elements ofcivil soctely 3 A State Pa(v that receives information shall compl\ with an), rcquesl b) lhe State Part) that lransmirted thc information that placcs restflcltol]s on tts Llse Article ll Border meosures l. Without prejudice to international cotnmitments in relation to lhe liee movement of people. States Pa ies shall slrengthen. lo the extent -6- possiblr such border conrrols as ma\ be ncccssa$ to prc\enr and dercct tralTickins in pcrsons I Each State Parlv shall adopt IeBislalivc or other appropriatc mea\urcs to pro\ent. lo tho extent possiblc mcans ol transport Lllcraicc b\ conrnrcrcial carflcrs from bcing used in thc cofimission of ollcnces establishcd rn accordance \ilh article 5 ofthis prolocol I U hcrc appropriate. and \\'tthour pre-ludicc to applicablc inrenrarional conYcntions. such mcasures shall includc csrablishinc the ohligdliun L,l commercial carricrs. includrng anr rransporlatton .onrp"n, ,r. thc ouncr or operator of an) means of transport, to ascertain thal alt passengers are in possession ofthc lravel documents required for entry into the receiving Stare 4 Each Siate Party shall take the necessary measures. in accordance \r,ith its domesric la\r, to provide for sanclions in cases of violation ofthe obligation set fonh in paragraph 3 ofthis arricle. 5. Each State Part)' shall consider taking measures rhat permir, in accordance with its domeslic la\^., the denial of entry or revocation ofvisas of persons implicated in the commission of offences established in accordance with this Protocol. 6 Withou! prejudice to allicle 27 of the Convenrion. Stares Parties shall consider slrengthening cooperation among border control agencies by, inrer alia, esrablishing and maintaining dtrect channels of communtcalton Article l2 Security and conlrcl ofdocuments Each State Pa(y shall takc such measures as ma),be nec€ssaD., within available means: (a) To ensure thal travel or identity documents issued by it are of :uch quality thar they cannot easily be misused and cannot readily be falsified or unlawfully alt€rcd. replicated or issuedl and (b) To ensure the integrilv and security ol ravel or tdentit\ documenls issued by or on behalf of the State party and to prevent their unla\\,ful creation. tssuance and use Article lJ Le Ei t i mac) and ra l idity of doc u nrc n t s Ar lhe request of another Slatc pa(),, a State party shall. in accordance \rith its domestic lar, veril) uithin a reasonabie time rhe legilimac\ and valrdity of travcl or identitl,documents issued or purponed -t- to ha\c heen issued in its namc and suspectcd ol bcint used tor trilfllckin3 I\'. Final pro\ isions At.ti(L ll Sarinr. claurc I \othinr in rhis Protocol shall affect the righrs. obligarrons and rcsponsrhiliries of Sralcs and individuals under interrraLional Ia\ rncludin-. intcrnarional humaniurian Ia\ and inlerndlional hunran rightr la\{ rnd i; particular. whcre applicable, rhe l95l Conventron and th; 1967 protocol relating ro the Status of Rcfugees and the principlc of non_refoulcmenr as conrained therein. I The measures set fo(h rn this prorocol shall be interpretcd and applied in a way that is nol discnminatory to persons on the ground that the],are victims oftralficking in persons. The interpreration and-application of thosc measures shall be consistent with internationalll ricognized principles of non-discrimination At.ticle I5 Sefllernent oJ disputes I States Parties shall endeavour to se(le disputes concerning the interprelalion or application ofthis prolocol through negotiation. 2 Any disputc between rwo or more Slates parties concerning the interpretation or application of this protocol that cannot be settle; through negotiation \r'ithin a reasonable time shall. al the request of one of those Srates Panies, be submitted to arbitration Iii six months after the date ol'the request for arbilration, those States Panies are unable to agree on the organization of the arbitra(ion, any one of those Stales parties ma), refer the disput€ to the Intemalional Court of Jusrice by request in accordance \r,ith the Statute ofthe Court 3 Each State Party may, at the time of signature, ralification. acceplance or approval of or accession to this Piotocol. declare thal it does not considcr itself bound b1, paragraph 2 of this article The other States Panies shall no1 be bound by paragraph 2 of rhis article wtth respecl to an) Srrtc Pan] rhat has made such a resen.alion. 4 Any State Pa(), thar has madc a reservation in accordance \\,ith paragraph I of this arttcle mal. at an-v ttme $'i(hdrau, thar reservalion bt. nolificatron to rhe Secrelan-General oflhe I niled Nations 8 Arttclc I6 S t 11t tut u L'. ru t ifi . ol i otl acce Pt un& 1 uPPn'rul tttl dct t tstolt Ihis Protocol shall be opcn lo all Statcs for signa(urc frorn l: to I5 Dcccnhcr 2000 in Palermo. llal\. and thereaher at Lnit'd \ation\ tlcadquancrs in \e\\ \'ork unlil l2 Dcccmber l00l l. ]-his Protocol shall also bc open tbr signature bv regionirl I econolnic intcgration organlTations provided thal at lcast one mcmber Slalc ot such orBantation has signed this Protocol in accordance \\'ilh paragraph I ofthis anrcle 3 This Protocol is subject to ra(ification. accePtance or approval Instruments of ratificalion, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with lhe SecretaD'Ceneral of the Uniled Nations A regional economic inrcgration organization may deposit its instrumenl of ratifica(ion' acc;tance or ;pproval if at least one of its member States has done likewise ln thai instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval, s[ch orsanization shall declare rhe exlent of its compelence wilh respecl lo the .i'tterc gore..d by this Prolocol. Such organization shall also inform thr depositarv of any relevanl modification in (he extent ol lts comPelence- .1 This Prorocol is open for accession by any Stale or an) regional economic inteSration organization of tl'hich at lcast one member St'ate is a Pany lo this iro(ocol. Instruments of accesslon shall be deposited with th€ sec;etary-General of the United Nalions At the time of its accession. a regional economic intcgrallon organization shall declare thc ext€n! of its co;petence with respect to matters Soverned b)'thls Protocol Such organization shall also inform th€ dePositary of any relevant modificalion in the exlent of i!s competence. Articlc J7 Enlry intolorce I This Prolocol shall enter into force on the ninetreth day after the date of deposit of the fortieth instrument of mtiftcation acceptance approval or accession. except that it shall not enter into force before the entry rnlo force of the Convention For the purpose of this paragraph. an! instiument deposited by a.egional cconomic inlegra(ion organization shall nol be coulrlcd as addi(ional to (hosc dePosited b1 member States of such orBanrzatron 2. For each State or reSional €conomic integration organization ratr['ing. accepting. approving or acceding to this Protocol after the deposit oflhe fo(ie(h instrument of such action. this Protocol shall enter into force on (he thinieth da]'after the date ofdcposit by such State or organization of 9 enters into lorce lhc relevant instnrment or on thc datc this Prolocol tlrc later pu,.run, ,o p"ogtupfl I olthis articlc \\hicheler is At ti(lc 18 ,l, (,nl t€Dt into force ofthis After lhc cxpirv offirc )cars from lhc cnl0 I and tlle p,,.,,o."t. . s,ri" p"n)'r,l rlie Pror',c"l ma]'profosc en amendrrrunt \alronq \\'ho shall lhcrcupon ;i..il;: .s".r.tur-,ic"n"t,t o{ lhc ('nrted states Partics and ro rhc .;,;,;;";.r,; ;;; lioposecl a*endmenr to the purpose of considering 1""i.t."." "f tfr. Parties to the Conrcntion for thc meeling at this ,"i'J..,Ji"* on lhe pronosal' The stales Panies lo toProtocol conscnsus ;;; a;;i;;;;.. of the Panies shall make ere4 effortbcenachicve exhausled an0 no have ln.r.f, urn.na."n, lfatl effons at consensusshall as a lasl rcson requ.rre ,,.".-"", f,* been reached. the amendm(nl m"jo'itv vore or the stares Panies to rhis ;:::l';il;;-;;o'tt'iJ' Panies at the meeting ofthe conference ofthe ir","."ir,J'i"i"^a,oting rntilt: *l::tl Regional economic inlegralion organizarions :1 vole under this anlcle \'\llh a their competenc'e. shall exercise their riphl to are Panieqt.t.t **t to the number of'their member States thal to vote if right their "rrta, tr","."i "i iir.h o,guni"tion' shall not exercise 2. ,"'ii l. their mernber States exercise theirs and rlce ParaBraph I of this 3 An amendment adopted in accordance with by States Parties' articlels subject to ratification. acceptance or appro\al 4 An amendment adopted in accordance \\'i(h paragraph I of thrs versa articleshallenrerintoforceinrispectofaStatePartyninetydaysafter.the the United Nations of an deposit with the SecretaD'General of i",. "iirr. approval of such amendntent it shall be binding on 5 When an amendment enlers into force consent to be bound b) it' instrurnenr of ratification. accePtance or their those States Parties which have expressed rhe provisions oflhis-Protocol lr,# iiri.t tr""t shall srill be bound b)ratified' accepled or approveo ,nJ un1 ."rli., ur"ndmenrs lhat lhe) ha\e A icle 19 Denun(iolion this Protocol by wrilten A Statc Pany ma-v denouncelhc t nited Natlons' Such norifitaiinn to the Secretarl'General of of receipt of rhc I;;;;;;,;" ,r,rti btto" effective one *ear afier the date l. nolification b) lhe Secretary-Ceneral' cease to bc r A reaional economic intcgration lrrganrzation shall ll' of ils member Slates hal'e denounceo a Panl to thr, Proiocol shen all l0 - Article 20 Dcposilary ond languages Thc Secretan,General of the LniteJ \atioDs ts dcsignited deposiraD of this protocol. The original of this prorocol. (,1.r\hich lhe Arabic_ : Chinesc. -Fn3lish.,FrenchR^uss;an and Spanish lexrs are cqua aulhenti!. shall b( ) ocnosrled q rth llte Secretary._Ccneral ofrhe United \ations. IN \ylrs-ESS U HEREOF, thc undersitned plehiporentiaries_ beinc dul) dulhori.,cd lherero bJ. lhejr respccrire Gircrnrieni;:;;;;;;;;.d",;t: Prolocol. -ll-